Unit4 Astronomy

Unit4 Astronomy: The Science of the StarsPart I Vocabulary1. violent/ violence/ violate2. explode/ burst/ break/ blow up/ set off3. unlike/ dislike/ unlikely/ likely/ possibly/ fond of/care for/take to/appreciate/ fancy etc.4. harmful/harmless5. fundamental/ essential/ basic/primary/ foundation/ found/ fund6. lie/ lay/ lain/ laid/ laid/ lie in7. exist/ exist(lie) in/ on/ by/ there exists(stands/lies/have been etc. )/come into existence(being)8. thus/ therefore/ consequently/ hence/ so9. pull in/out/up/down/over/through etc.10 exhaust/exhausting/exhausted/ tired/worn out11. spread/extend/ stretch/ scatter/ distribute12. in time(for)/ on time/ in no time/ at no time/ at a time/ at one time/ at times13. prevent/stop/keep… from/ protect/shelter… from14. block out/ off/ up/ one’s way/ sb./sth. in15. cheer up/on/for16. now that/ since/ seeing that/ considering that/ in that17. break in/ out/ up/ down/ into/away/ off18. watch out/ over/ one’s step/ be on the watch/ keep watch onPart II Sentence Structure1. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.2. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.Part III Testing Points1. violent/ violence/ violate1. Tom’s father is so ______ that Tom is afraid to tell him he has failed.A. violentB. quietC. happyD. pleasant2. Like other cities in the world, American cities also contain the very worst parts of a society such as _____ crime, racial conflict (种族冲突) and poverty.A. violentB. intenseC. commonD. light3. — Mr. Huang is very angry _____ Jim fought with Peter again.—No teacher likes _____ behaviour. We should try our best to behave well.A. because; violentB. so; violentC. and; guiltyD. but; romantic2. explode/ burst/ break/ blow up/ set off1. The person said, “We must get rid of the bomb in the street, or when it ______ many people will be hurt.”A. explodesB. explodedC. will explodeD. explodes2. We must take steps to prevent the __________ world population.A. explodedB. explodingC. explosionD. explosively3. When she heard from the hospital that her father had died, she _____ into tears.A. burstB. wentC. explodedD. fell3. unlike/ dislike/ unlikely/ likely/ possibly/ fond of/care for/take to/appreciate/ fancy etc.1. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.A. thatB. thoseC. itD. them2. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.A. equivalentB. uniformC. alikeD. likely3. She is ______ her mother, she’s tall while her mother is ve ry short.A. unlikeB. dislikeC. likelyD. against4. harmful/harmless/do harm to/be harmful to1. Everyone knows smoking is ______ to their health, but many of them can’t bear themselves away from it.A. harmfulB. goodC. helpfulD. bad2. Her display of bad temper completely _____ the party.A. harmedB. damagedC. spoiltD. hurt5. lie/ lay/ lain/ laid/ laid/ lie in1. The heavy box ______ there three days ago is still there.A. lainB. layC. liedD. laid2. When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.A. lay; laidB. laid; laidC. lay; lainD. lying; lain3. The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.A. lying, lay, laidB. lying, lied, laidC. lie, lied, layD. lay, lied, lain6. exist/ exist(lie) in/ on/ by/ there exists(stands/lies/have been etc.)/come into existence (being)1. —Do you believe that God really ______?—Sorry, I’v e never thought about it.A. hasB. remainsC. staysD. exists2. — Do you think that aliens do _____ exist in the space?— No, I don't, because even the scientists couldn't _____ it.A. actual; proveB. actual; believeC. actual; proveD. actually; agree7. thus/ therefore/ consequently/ hence/ so1. There was no news; _______, she did not give up hope.A. moreoverB. thereforeC. butD. nevertheless2. To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ______, honest.A．therefore B．above all C．however D．after all8. pull in/out/up/down/over/through etc.1. The Greyhound _____ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started for WashingtonD.C. at 6:20 p.m.A. pulled upB. pulled onC. pulled downD. pulled on2. — Jack，it's _____. You should _____ your jacket and hat. --- OK，I will.A. hot; pull downB. hot; pull offC. cool; pull downD. cool; pull off9. exhaust/exhausting/exhausted/ tired/worn out1. —How do you like your new job?—I find a full day’s teaching ______me.A. exhaustedB. exhaustsC. exhaustingD. exhaust2. Within three days they had ______ their supply of food. Which of the following is wrong?A. exhaustedB. used upC. run out ofD. given out10. spread/extend/ stretch/ scatter/ distribute1. Don’t open that e-mail. I hear there is a computer virus that ______ rapidly through users’ e-mail system.A. floatsB. arrivesC. developsD. spreads2. It is said that tomatoes were _____ into China from South America hundreds of years ago.A. introducedB. soldC. takenD. spread3. There were beautiful clothes _____ in the shop windows.A. spreadB. displayedC. exposedD. located11. in time(for)/ on time/ in no time/ at no time/ at a time/ at one time/ at times1. Don’t worry. I’m sure you’ll succeed ______ if you work hard.A. on timeB. in timeC. at timesD. ahead of time2. They have been waiting for many hours to see the singer, but the airplane must have been _____.A. behind the timesB. behind scheduleC. ahead of timeD. in no time3. — If you are interested _____ the part-time job in my store，you can visit it _____.—OK. I'll think about it.A. in; at any timeB. in; all the timeC. at; sometimesD. on; at any time4. —Can you finish the work _____?— I'm afraid not _____ you send another man to help us.A. on time; ifB. on time; unlessC. at times; soD. in time; because12. prevent/stop/keep… from/ protect/shelter… from1. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.A. careB. preventC. defendD. protect2. Every possible means ______ to prevent their pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used3. The firemen managed to _____ the fire in time.A. extinguishB. preventC. suppressD. ruin13. cheer up/on/for1. —John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.—Oh, _________!A. cheer upB. well doneC. go aheadD. congratulations2. In the shade of last failure, she is by no means of _____ regardless of the agreeable weather.A. cheerfulB. regretfulC. gratefulD. fearful3. — You failed to pass the exam again. You really _____ me_____.— I'm sorry, Mum, but I've tried my best.A. let; overB. cheer; overC. let; downD. cheer; up14. now that/ since/ seeing that/ considering that/ in that1. ______ English is concerned, he is first in our class.A. AsB. As soon asC. As far asD. Now that2. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well made full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as3. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ________they will save us money in the long run.A. orB. sinceC. forD. but15. break in/ out/ up/ down/ into/away/ off1. What will happen to the child if Jim and Mary ________?A. break downB. break upC. break outD. break off2. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks _____in disasters.A. turn downB. turn outC. break downD. break out3. I'm trying to break the ______ of getting up too late.A．tradition B．convenience C．habit D．leisureSentence Structure1. According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ______ a woman.A．than B．such C．so D．as2. Much to his surprise，he invited only twenty friends to the dinner，but came．A．twice as many as B．as many as twiceC．twice as many D．twice more than3. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it, itB. what, whatC. it, whatD. what, it4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”A. oneB. itC. someD. that5. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A. thisB. whatC. thatD. itPart IV breakthrough1. Four and_____ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _____ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.A. a; aB. the; theC.不填；theD. a; 不填2. The house was too expensive and too big. _________, I’d grown fond of our little rented house.A．Besides B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise3. We are going to _____ our house by building another room onto it.A. increaseB. enlargeC. spreadD. stretch4. I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some __________.A.at lastB.in caseC. once againD.in time6. It is no ______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.A. useB. helpC. timeD. way7. Now that we've discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions ______？A．taking B．take C．taken D．to take8. The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.A．in it B．in C．in that D．in which9. —Why don’t we take a little break？—Didn’t we just have________？A.itB. thatC.oneD. this10. A completely new situation will _____ when the examination system comes into existence.A. ariseB. riseC. raiseD. arouse11. —Sorry，I have to ______ now. It's time for class.—OK，I'll call back later.A．hang up B．break up C．give up D．hold up11. ______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.A. WhatB. AsC. ThatD. It13. The result of the game is really _______, and the majority of the fans were _________ it.A. disappointed; disappointed withB. disappointing; disappointed atC. disappointed; disappointed aboutD. disappointing; disappointing at14. Her cat was found several days later, ______ on the river, _____.A. floating; dyingB. floated; dyingC. floating; deadD. floating; died15. Though she was in great pain, she _____ a smile at her children.A. pulledB. forcedC. spreadD. pushed16. The moment the cat heard the mice _______ noises, it rushed out ________ the door.A. make, fromB. making, behindC. make, from behindD. making, from behind17. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that18. He ______ at once when I promised to help him.A. cheered upB. gave upC. lighted upD. turned up19. ______a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.A. It existedB. There existedC. There hadD. It had20. The taxi driver had to ______ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. shut upC. catch upD. pull up21. —Darling, I didn’t get promoted.— __________ ! There will be loads of other opportunities.A. Well doneB. What a pityC. Cheer upD. All right22. The police arrived twenty minutes later and _________ the crowd for the sake of safety.A. took upB. wound upC. woke upD. broke up23. The price of the flat now is _______ that last year.A. as twice high asB. twice more expensive thanC. as high as twiceD. twice the amount of24. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _______ creates more problems.A. in shortB. in caseC. in doubtD. in turn25. There was a _______ quarrel between the husband and the wife; after that the wife left homeand never came back.A. sensitiveB. seriousC. violentD. strict26. —What are the differences between the American and British ______ of government?—You can find the answer on the Internet.A．design B．theory C．system D．mass27. The girl looked at me with a ______ expression. Maybe that problem was quite _______.A. puzzled; puzzlingB. puzzling; puzzledC. puzzled; puzzledD. puzzling; puzzling28. We have made _______ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.A. thisB. thatC. itD. one29. ________, I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed ________.”A. At a time; in timeB. At a time; on timeC. At one time; in timeD. At one time; on time30. All possible means _______. However, nothing can ______ him dying of lung cancer.A. has tried; stopB. have tried; keepC. has been tried; preventD. have been tried; stop31. The harm the modern farming methods have done ________ the countryside is considerable.A. onB. toC. atD. for32. ______ y ou’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as33. —How often do you eat out?—______, but usually once a week.A. Have no ideaB. It dependsC. As usualD. Generally speaking34. —Have you got used to the Chinese food，Robert?—Yes. But I don’t like ________when a Chinese host keeps serving me the food I don’t like. A．this B．that C．those D．it35. Our whole physical universe，when ________to the simplest terms，is made up of two things，energy and matter.A．reducing B．to reduce C．reduced D．being reduced36. A great number of young teachers ________for their inexperience by careful preparation for each class.A．turn up B．make up C．put up D．show up37. —Can you help me with the maths homework，mom?—You can’t always ________other’s help for your homework. Do it by yourself this time，dear. A．wait on B．rely on C．insist on D．turn on38. The accident ________caused by a dog running across the road，but we don’t know for sure. A．could have been B．must have beenC．might have D．should have39. It is during the last few years ________man has realized the importance of ________of all forms of life in nature.40. A．that；peace B．since；harmonyC．that；balance D．before；harmony41. She promised ________he had enough money she would marry him.A．that B．that if C．whether D．if that42. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been________.A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular43. I don’t mind ________the decision so long as it is not too late.A．you to delay making B．your delaying makingC．your delaying to make D．you delay to make44. ________its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.A．Other than B．Apart from C．Except for D．Rather than45. ________it rains while we are a long way from shelter?A．What about B．How about C．What if D．If46. Was it from the lake ________he often went fishing ________he saved the drowning girl? A．that；that B．where；whereC．where；that D．that；where47. I was told that it was a very serious disease. If left ________properly，the patient might lose his ability to walk about in just a year or so.A．untreat B．untreated C．being untreated D．to untreat48. It is most________ that the environmentalists will come to the area to investigate the possible damage caused by the serious pollution.A．likely B．perhaps C．possibly D．probably49. I am quite ________the plan that we go out and enjoy ourselves on Sunday.A．in honor of B．in terms of C．in view of D．in favor of50. —We got here Tuesday afternoon.—_____Why didn’t you call us earlier?A．Good luck! B．You did? C．It’s no surprise. D．You are welcomeCloze TestAIt’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. We all __1__ to know the art of apology. Think how often you’ve done wrong. Then count how many __2__ you’ve expressed clearly you were __3__. You can’t go to bed with an easy mind if you do __4__ about it.A doctor friend, Mr. Lied, told me about a man who came to him with different kinds of signs: headaches, heart __5__ and insomnia (失眠). __6__ some careful exams, Mr. Lied found nothing ___7__ with him and said, “If you don’t tell me what’s __8__ you, I can’t help you.” The man admitted he was cheating his brother of his inheritance(遗产). Then and there the __9__ doctor __10__ the man write to his brother and __11__ his money. As soon as the __12__ was put into the post box, the man suddenly cried. “Thank you,” he said to the doctor, “I think I’ve got __13__.”An apology can not only save a broken relationship but also make it __14__. If you can think of someone who should be __15__ an apology from you. Do something about it right now.1. A. decide B. have C. need D. try2. A. mistakes B. people C. ways D. times3. A. sorry B. weak C. sad D. wrong4. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything5. A. trouble B. matter C. illness D. problem6. A. before B. after C. till D. since7. A. well B. wrong C. good D. bad8. A. hurling B. changing C. touching D. worrying9. A. clever B. silly C. good D. kind10. A. made B. helped C. saw D. let11. A. returned B. gave C. kept D. paid12. A. paper B. box C. money D. letter13. A. better B. well C. sick D. worse14. A. never B. worse C. stronger D. harder15. A. given B. received C. known D. forgottenBOnce, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well. After they __1__ their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work.”At last one of them said, “What’s t he use of doing this foolish work? We can __2__ fill the basket.” __3__ man answered, “That is none of your business.” The first man said. “You may do as you like, but I am not going to work at __4__ so foolish.” He __5__ his bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying __6__. At last the well was almost __7__.As he poured the last bucket of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. __8__ he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You __9__ so well in this little thing,” he said, “__10__ now I know I can believe you with many things.”1. A. finished B. did C. began D. had2. A. ever B. never C. easily D. no3. A. The other B. another C. one D. A second4. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything5. A. picked up B. put away C. took away D. threw away6. A. water B. basket C. well D. work7. A. full B. empty C. filled D. clean8. A. While B. As soon as C. Before D. Since9. A. have done B. will do C. do D. are doing10. A. what B. why C. when D. thatReading ComprehensionAChina’s third manned spacecraft lifted off at 9∶10 pm on September 25 to fulfill its most ambitious and risky mission：spacewalk.Shenzhou Ⅶ，carrying three astronauts Zhai Zhigang，Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng，blasted off (发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu Province，into the sky. By the next day，the astronauts said they felt “physically sound”，to the joy of the scientists on the ground.In the spaceship，they had a wide choice of dishes：nearly 80.They also took traditional Chinese medicine，made with more than 10 herbs，to treat space motion sickness.The astronauts orbited the earth for three days. In a special spacesuit，which weighs 120 kilograms and costs about 30 million yuan, Zhai Zhigang was scheduled to walk in space about343 kilometers above the earth on September 27.That made China the third country to conduct extra-vehicular (舱外的) activities in space. The other two who have achieved that are the former Soviet Union and the US.The extra­vehicular activities are essential for China’s long-term goal of building a space station by 2020，and possibly launching a manned mission to the moon.“At the Beijing Olympics，China proved it was the best in the world at coming in first. Now the country will show it can also be very happy with bronze. Forty-three years after Russian Alexei Leonov spent 12 minutes outside an orbiting spacecraft，China plans to become the third nation after the former Soviet Union and the US to carry out its own spacewalk. The feat (壮举) would be both a technological and public relations triumph，” wrote Time Magazine in the US. 1．What’s the main function of the extra­vehicular activities?A．To show that Chinese also can walk in space as the former Soviet Union and the US. B．They are necessary for China to realize its long-term goal of space exploration.C．To make the whole country aware of the importance of space.D．It is useful for checking the outside of the spaceship.2．About the tasks performed by the Shenzhou Ⅶ，all of the following are wrong except________.A．the spacesuit worn outside was different from that worn insideB．the astronauts succeeded in testing the use of Chinese medicineC．two astronauts succeeded in walking in spaceD．a permanent space station was built3．It can be learned from the passage that________.A．China’s first manned spacecraft succeeded in app earing in space.B．foreign media showed great interest in launching the Shenzhou ⅦC．China will launch a manned spacecraft to the moon soonD．Chinese medicine played a more important part in curing the illness they met than western medicine didBHead above WaterTUV ALU，a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean，has asked for help as it will be swallowed up by the sea.Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu’s nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level. Salt water is alread y entering the country’s drinking water supply，as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables. Without urgent help，the country’s days are numbered.But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. Venice，a historic city in Italy best known for its canals，has sunk about 24cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 20-50cm by 2050.A century ago，St. Mark’s Square，the lowest point city，flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays，it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands，global warming causes Tuvalu’s rising sea level.The average global temperature has increased by almost 0.5 degrees centigrade over the past century；scientists expect it to rise by extra 1-3 degrees over the next 100 years.Warmer weather makes glaciers melt，adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also make water expand，so it takes up more space，causing the sea level to rise. Thesea level has risen about 10-25 cm in the last 100 years.The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal，oil and gas，people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，such as CO2.This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect，making the planet even warmer.Many scientists believe that，if the warming is not stopped，there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise by one meter this century.Should this come true，the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with “climate refugees” looking for somewhere to live?1．We can infer from the second paragraph that________.A．Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the seaB．all Tuvalu’s islands are about five meters above the sea levelC．drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyedD．Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves2．The author uses Tuvalu and Venice as examples in order to explain________.A．they are the first places sinking into the seaB．they are both sinking into the mud where they standC．they will disappear in the futureD．their trouble is caused by global warming3．Put the following events in the right order.a．Glaciers began to melt.b．People burn coal，oil and gas.c．The greenhouse effect is growing.d．The earth is getting warmer and warmer.e．The sea level is rising.f．More CO2 is produced.g．Many places are sinking into the sea.A．d，f，b，c，a，e，g B．b，f，c，d，e，a，gC．f，c，b，d，a，e，g D．b，f，c，d，a，e，g4．What does “climate refugees” mean?A．People who are forced away from their homeland by climateB．Climate changesC．Rare animalsD．Climate effectCPut yourself in these tourists’ position. You are walking an icy mountain path in the Alps in Europe. Suddenly you spot a body on the ground，face downward and stuck to the ice. You think someone may have been murdered or in a fatal accident. So you rush back and call the police. The police，however，quickly realize that this body is different from others they’ve found on the mountain. For one thing，it is mostly undamaged. For another，its skin is dried out，like a mummy’s. And with it is a knife with a small stone knife.The body turned out to be much older than the tourists could have guessed. When specialists had a chance to examine it，they discovered it had been there for about five thousand years!How could a body stay preserved for all this time？Two things probably helped. First，the place where the man died was somewhat sheltered，so animals couldn’t get at it. Then he wasquickly covered by falling snow. Wind blowing through the snow probably “freeze-dried” his body，removing all moisture from it.Objects found with the body told something about the Iceman’s life. He wore a well-made fur jacket and trousers. He clearly had been hunting，for he carried arrows，and animal bones were nearby. He also had a grass cushion for sitting or sleeping on. Perhaps he was exhausted when he lay down for the last time. The body was found in 1991，when some of the ice on the mountain melted. Searching for the cause of the Iceman’s death，scientists put the body back into cold conditions and hoped...1．The best title for this passage might be________.A．What Life Was Like Five Thousand Years AgoB．The Frightened TouristC．The Mysterious IcemanD．The Mystery of the Alps2．The Man died in a location that was________.A．near the base of the mountainB．shelteredC．surrounded by open fieldsD．cold and isolated3．The time of the year that the Iceman died was probably________.A．early fall B．late spring C．summer D．winter4．In this passage the word “moisture” means________.A．skin B．nutrition C．water D．heatDThe way people hold to the belief that a fulfilled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining (达到) real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact，the opposite is true：more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result，many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain brought by such things as marriage，raising children，professional achievement，religious commitment (承担的义务)，self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun，adventure，excitement. Marriage has such moments，but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant (婴儿) children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time：Now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money：Buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy：We now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy。