【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】中外美术史2012
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012
【青岛⼤学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语（1）2012青岛⼤学2012年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：642 科⽬名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more_____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.B. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence to13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.B. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admire31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety of functions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen, children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theB. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?B.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a suddenalienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】有机化学2012
15、 2,3-丁二醇跟什么试剂反应得到 CH3CHO？ 16、 m-甲氧基苯甲酸(I), p-甲氧基苯甲酸(II) 与苯甲酸(III) 的酸性 大小是: (A) I>II>III (B) III>I>II (C) I>III>II (D) III>II>I 17、用(1)CH3CH2MgBr (2)H2O 处理乙酰乙酸乙酯得到的是:
(B) III>II>IV>I (B) 光照对旋
CH3 H H CH3
3
(C) IV>II>III>I (C) 加热对旋
(D) IV>III>II>I (D) 光照顺旋
20、下面反应在哪种条件下进行?
21、除去甲苯中少量吡啶可加入: (A) NaOH 溶液 (B) 盐酸(稀) 22、糖醛的结构式是:
+
ICl
?
35、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 题,也应注明)。
?
(1) O3 (2) Zn H2O
2
O
36、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 (1) Na 题请注明)。 ?
Et C CH
(2) EtBr (3) H2/Lindlar催化剂
37、写出下列反应的主要有机产物或所需之原料、试剂(如有立体化学问 题请注明)。 COOH
10、(CH3)3CBr 与乙醇钠在乙醇溶液中反应主要产物是:
11、 在 SN2 反应中,下列哪一个卤代烃与 NaCN 反应速率最快？
(A) (B)
Br
Cl
(C)
Br
(D)
Br
12、
CO 2H
2012年青岛大学336艺术基础考研真题题
C．《复活》
D．《安娜•卡列尼娜》
E．《浮士德》
7、下列属于中国古琴曲的是______。
A．《高山流水》
B．《酒狂》
C．《平沙落雁》
D．《谿山琴况》
E．《潇湘水云》
8、属于德沃夏克的代表作品是
。
A.《斯拉夫舞曲》
B.《F 大调弦乐四重奏》（美国四重奏）
C.《达里波尔》
D.《沙皇的新娘》
E.《牧神午后》
C. 唐朝
D.秦朝
2、被称为世界第八奇迹的编钟是中国的
。
A.曾侯乙墓编钟
B.陶钟
C.侯马编钟
D.梵钟
3、我国第一部清唱剧是______。
A．《白毛女》
B．《长恨歌》
C．《黄河吟》
D．《长征组歌》
4、宋元时期为艺人写作剧本、曲本的民间创作组织是______。
A. 书会
B．梨园
C．剧协
D．戏曲行会
5、古希腊的“悲剧之父”是_______。
A．埃斯库罗斯
B．索福克勒斯
C．欧里庇德斯
D．阿里斯托芬
1
6、下列哪一首作品是黄自创作的_______。
A．《旗正飘飘》
B．《夫妻识字》
C．《问》
D．《小二黑结婚》
7、影片《城南旧事》由 A.谢添 C.吴贻弓
导演，曾获金鸡奖。 B.谢晋 D.滕文骥
8、歌剧《弄臣》是作曲家_______的代表作品。
3、简述艺术的创作过程
四、论述题（任选 2 题作答，每题 15 分，共 30 分）
1、结合自身专业，阐述你对艺术的民族性与世界性的理解。
2、“学堂乐歌”在中国近现代音乐发展中的作用和意义。
3、艺术家应从哪些方面完善个人的艺术修养？
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】英语(外)2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：243 科目名称：英语（外）(共11页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效Part I (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of Attend Your Classes Regularly.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline given below:1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象2. 造成这种现象的各种原因3. 如何解决这一问题Part II Vocabulary and Grammar (15%)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put2. She has alread y tried her best. Please don’t be to o _____ about her job.A. specialB. responsibleC. unuaualD. particular3. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek food safety problems.A. inB. toC. onD. after4. His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ____ it is he is trying toexpress.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what5. ―Mike, can you yourself away from the TV for a minute? Go andsend the letter for me.‖ said Mrs. Green.A. pushB. dragC. drawD. pull6. If you _____ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant toreduce the price.A. come acrossB. care aboutC. look for.D. focus upon7. My family were moving to the countryside and I had to make some___and learn to lead a different life there．A．allowance B．accommodationC．adjustment D．assessment8. Since the new director took office, we have worked __ _hours, －thatis to say, we work more freely.A．flexible B．compulsory C. strict D．endless 9. — Can you give me some advice about the design?— I think it should _______ to all ages and social groups.A. appearB. appealC. suitD. fit10. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ______ that he could do nothing to help.A. to realizeB. realizedC. realizingD. being realized11., I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B .Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently12. Make sure the gas is turned off after a bath, which would causedanger.A．somehow B．meanwhile C．otherwise D．furthermore13. It was __________ back home after he finished the report.A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didn’t goC. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didn’t went14.She said she was in great need of such a table and asked me how much_____ table would cost.A. such a beautiful wooden roundB. one such beautiful round woodenC. one such round beautiful woodenD. such a round beautiful wooden15. I don't mind ______ the decision as long as it is not too late.A. you to delay makingB. your delaying makingC. your delaying to makeD. you delay to makePart III Cloze (15%)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C), D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting andretaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 1 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 2 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— 3 that the customer remains a customer.4 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing5 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the 6 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 7 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to 8 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 9 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 10 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 11 is imp ossible to deny. ―In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 12 them‖, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. ―Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 13 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 14 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 15 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.1.A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all2.A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe3.A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving4.A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing5.A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses6.A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical7.A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference8.A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget9.A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary10.A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable11.A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest12.A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting13.A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected14.A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive15.A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenientPart IV Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageThe garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed ―the Garden City‖, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.1. How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?A. Through his observation of the country life.B. Through the combination of different ideas.C. By taking other people’s advice.D. By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.2. The underlined phrase ―drawing on ‖in Paragraph 1 probably means______.A. making use ofB. making comments onC. giving an explanation ofD. giving a description of3. According to Howard, garden cities should be built______.A. as far as possible from existing citiesB. in the countryside where the land was cheapC. in the countryside where agriculture was developedD. near cities where employment opportunities already existed4. What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?A. Their number would continue to riseB. Each one would continue to become largerC. People would live and work in the same placeD. Each one would contain a certain type of business5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. City and CountrysideB. The Invention of the Garden CityC. A New City in ChicagoD. A Famous Garden City in EnglandPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageWhy should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effortbe spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.6. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?A. To express his doubts.B. To compare different ideas.C. To introduce points for discussion.D. To describe the conditions on Earth.7. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?A. Humans are nature-born to do so.B. Humans have the tendency to fight.C. Humans may find new sources of food.D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.8. The underlined word ―spin-offs‖ in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.A. survival chancesB. potential resourcesC. unexpected benefitsD. physical possessions9. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?A. Our genetic makeup.B. Resources on the earth..C. The adaptive ability of humans.D. By-products in space exploration.10. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?A. Space exploration has created many wonders.B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.C. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.D. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archeologists(考古学家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their ―deep and widespread concern‖ about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.―Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific rese arch and of museum practice,‖ they write.The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to theground.The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: ―Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.‖The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.11.The underlined word ―remains‖ in the first paragraph has closest meaningwith :A. leftoverB. stayC. bodyD. organ12.According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainlybecause ______.A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remainsB. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific researchC. it was introduced by the government without their knowledgeD. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains13.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.B. Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.14.What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.15.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archeologists warn.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promis e customer satisfaction. Today, customer ―delight‖ is what companies are trying to achieve in order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researchers, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people; those treated badly tell tales of woe to up to 20 people. Interestingly, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal.New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example, many companies now have to invest (投资) a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the ―phone rage‖---- caused by delays in answering calls, being cut off inmid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.―Many people do not like talking to machines,‖ says Dr, Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. ―Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with then. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them – the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with t heir local branch manager.‖Recommended ways of creating customer delight include:under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours, but getting it done within two) replacing a faulty product immediately; throwing in a gift voucher (购物礼券)as an unexpected ―thank you‖ to regular customers; and always returning calls, even when they are complaints.Aiming for customer delight is all very well, but if services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy(for example, ―I know how you must feel‖), and possible solutions (replacement, compensation or whatever fai rnesssuggests best meets the case).Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them at that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems.For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with t heir names, job title and a ―we are here to help‖ attitude. The company has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen.British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as ―we do as we please‖. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment.16. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _______.A. complaining customers are hard to satisfyB. unsatisfied customers receive better serviceC .satisfied customers catch more attentionD. well-treated customers promote business17. The writer mentions ―phone rage‖(Paragraph 3)to show that ________.A. customers often use phones to express their angerB. people still prefer to buy goods onlineC. customer care becomes more demandingD. customers rely on their phones to obtain services18. What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?A. Calling customers regular.B. Gibing a ―thank you ―note..C. Delivering a quicker service.D. Promising more gifts.19. Customer delight is important for airlines because ________.A. their telephone style remains unchangedB. they are more likely to meet with complaintsC. the services cost them a lot of moneyD. the policies can be applied to their staff20. Which of the following is conveyed in this article?A. Face-to –face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.B. Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.C. A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.D. Customer delight is more important for air lines then for banks.Part V Translation (35%)A:Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (20%)1.你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)2.我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。
青岛大学美术学院考研资料大全
相关书籍的参考：004美术学院085237工业设计工程（艺术设计方向）：《世界现代设计史》王受之，2002年版，中国青年出版社。
环艺方向：《室内设计原理》来曾祥，中国建筑出版社；平面、装饰艺术方向：《平面广告设计》何洁，中南大学出版社；《装饰图案创意》张瑞瑞等，武汉理工大学出版社；陶艺方向：《陶艺基础》刘木森，中国轻工业出版社。
加试用书：《结构素描》，自选。
科目337中史论占50分，创意素描占100分。
请考生自带绘图工具。
130400 美术学01-05方向《中国美术史教程》薄松年，第一版，2000年，陕西人民美术出版社；《西方美术史教程》李春，第一版，2002年，陕西人民美术出版社；05方向《艺术概论》王宏建，第一版，2000年，文化艺术出版社。
135107美术（专业学位）：《艺术概论》王宏建，第一版，2000年，文化艺术出版社；水彩方向：《全国水彩金奖画家谈技法》黄铁山、潘长臻，第一版，2001年，广西美术出版社；《王肇民水彩画》曹利群，第一版，1999年，嶺南美术出版社；《高等院校美术专业系列教材-绘画基础类（色彩）水彩画》汪晓曙，第一版，2004年，嶺南美术出版社；油画方向：《油画人体》忻东旺，2006年，安徽美术出版社；《油画静物风景》孔新苗，2003年，山东美术出版社；《造型与形态》胡明哲、丁一林，2004年，河北美术出版社。
加试用书：《中外美术史》；《中外素描概念》章仁缘，第一版，江西美术出版社；《素描教学》袁元，第一版，2008年，人民美术出版社；中央美术学院造型基础系列教材。
历年真题请登录下面网页：/graduate/info.do?columnId=1407 试题汇总那一项里面的美术学院即可蓬勃发展的青岛大学研究生教育青岛大学是山东省重点建设的综合大学。
学校位于美丽的海滨城市青岛，坐落在黄海之滨、浮山之麓，依山傍海，风景秀丽。
学校的研究生教育源远流长。
早在1956年，国家高教部、卫生部就批准我校招考副博士研究生，1978年开始招收硕士研究生，1981年成为我国首批硕士学位授权单位，1998年成为博士学位授权单位。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】教育综合2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：333 科目名称：教育综合（共2页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、选择题：(每题1分，共计15分)1、活动课程论的代表人物是（）。
A、卢梭B、杜威C、赫尔巴特D、布鲁纳2、普通教育学的研究对象主要是（）。
A、幼儿教育B、中小学教育C、高等教育D、职业技术教育3、乌申斯基指出：“一般说来，儿童是依靠形式、颜色、声音和感觉来进行思维的。
”这就要求我们在教学中要重视运用的原则是（）。
A、循序渐进B、因材施教C、直观性D、巩固性4、“矮子里找高个”、“水涨船高”是一种（）。
A、相对评价B、绝对评价C、定性评价D、定量评价5、“最近发展区”理论假设的提出者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、罗杰斯C、布鲁纳D、维果斯基6、《理想国》的作者是（）。
A、亚里士多德B、苏格拉底C、柏拉图D、昆体良7、《大教学论》的作者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、卢梭C、杜威D、夸美纽斯8、教学过程的中心环节是（）。
A、感知教材B、理解教材C、巩固知识D、运用知识9、我国最早提出并实施的现代学制是（）。
A、癸卯学制B、壬寅学制C、壬戌学制D、六-三-三学制10、教学是进行全面发展教育、实现培养目标的（）。
A、基本方法B、基本内容C、基本制度D、基本途径11、《民主主义与教育》的作者是（）。
A、皮亚杰B、赫尔巴特C、杜威D、夸美纽斯12、“得天下之英才而教育之”是谁提出的？（）A、陶行知B、孔子C、孟子D、朱熹13、我国教育目的制定的主要理论基础是（）。
A、马克思主义人的全面发展学说B、实用主义C、建构主义D、教育心理学14、因材施教原则的精神实质是在教学中要（）。
A、针对学生的实际情况B、采用不同的教学方法C、根据不同的教材D、设置不同的专业、学科15、重视学科基本结构，提倡发现学习的是（）。
A、布鲁纳B、布卢姆C、赞可夫D、杜威二、名词解释（每题4分，共20分）1、元认知2、班级授课制3、课程标准4、学制5、形成性评价三、简答题：（ 32分）1、简述教育的政治功能（4分）2、简述世纪之交新一轮基础教育课程改革的具体目标（6分）3、简述教为主导、学为主体的教学规律（6分）4、简述建构主义学习理论的基本观点（6分）5、简述教学过程作为一种特殊的认识过程的特殊性（6分）6、我国现行学制的改革趋势（4分）四、论述题（33分）1、结合实际谈谈在教学中怎样处理间接经验与直接经验的关系。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】353卫生综合20122012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题学科代码：353 科目名称：卫生综合（共6页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效第一至第四大题仅供学术型考生答题，第五大题仅供专业学位考生答题一、名词解释（每题4分，共64分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.Ames试验2.慢性毒作用带3.LD504.光化学烟雾：5.Biomagnification6.生化需氧量7.尘肺8.职业中毒9.动力定型10.Neyman bias11. 历史性队列研究12. 伤残调整生命年13. 反式脂肪酸14．基础代谢15．INQ16．食品强化二、填空题（每空1分，共32分，仅供学术型考生答题）1.化学致癌过程可分为______，______和______三个阶段。
2.生物学标志主要包括______，______和______三种类型。
3.含氮有机物在土壤中进行无机化的第一个阶段是__ __作用。
4.全球环境的三大主要问题是，__ _和____ __。
5.氡及其短命子体对人体健康的危害主要是引起__ ____。
6.水俣病是由___ ___中毒引起的。
7.慢性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统，急性苯中毒主要累及__ _ __系统.8.矽肺是因长期吸入__ _ ___粉尘引起的，长期吸入硅酸盐粉尘可引起__ _ __ _。
9.职业性雷诺现象也称为__ _ ___。
10.低频率、大振幅的全身振动，引起的运动病也称为 ___。
11.在描述性研究中，一般无须特设，其研究资料的主要分析指标是。
12.阴性似然比是与之比。
13.疾病分布，季节性的两种表现形式为：__________和__________。
14.通常使用来表示食品中可被微生物利用的水，其与微生物的生长繁殖、食品品质和储藏性存在着密切的关系。
15.硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐对菌有特殊的抑制作用，我国规定硝酸钠（钾）在肉制品中的最大使用量为。
16.谷类食品蛋白质的第一限制氨基酸是。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】语文综合2012
科目代码： 879 科目名称： 语文基础综合 （共 2 页） 请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效。
现代汉语部分
一、名词解释（每题 2.5 分，共 10 分）
1、文学语言：
2、语素：
3、虚词：
4、拈连：
二、综合题（20 分）
1、根据所提供的发音部位或发音方法，在下面的横杠上填上相应的声母
三、问答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）
1、什么是儿化？请举例说明儿化的作用。
2、举例说明同义词的差别分别体现在哪些方面。
中国文学部分 一、结合作品分析汉乐府诗的主要艺术特点和成就。（20 分） 二、结合作品分析李清照词作的艺术特色。（20 分） 三、结合作品分析《三国演义》中的忠义观。（20 分） 四、结合作品分析《彷徨》在中国现代小说史上的地位和影响。（20 分） 五、分析下列诗歌的诗趣和意境。（不少于 600 字）（20 分）
或韵母。（每题 1 分，共 5 分）
（1）舌尖中、浊、边音是
。
（2）舌面前、清、擦音是
。
（3）舌面、后、半高、圆唇元音是
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
。
（4）舌面、后、高、圆唇元音是
。
（5）舌面、前、高、不圆唇元音是
。
2、出下列各字所属的六书类型（每题 1 分，共 5 分）
（1）象
（2）车
（3）雌
（4）监
（5）上
3、指出下列合成词的构成类型（每题 0.5 分，共 4 分）
龟虽寿 曹操
神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。老骥伏枥，志在 千里；烈士暮年，壮心不已。盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可 得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】西方经济学(1)2012
14、 工资增加的收入效应导致劳动供给 （ ） ， 替代效应导致劳动供给 （ 15、根据博弈论的分析， “囚徒困境”中的两个囚徒的优势战略是（ B．双方都不交代 D．双方沟通
2
Байду номын сангаас
三、计算题（共 42 分） 1、 某消费者的效用函数为 U XY ，Px 1 元，Py 2 元， 收入 M 40 元， 现在 Py 突然下降到 1 元，求：Y 价格下降对 X 和 Y 需求的影响？ （8 分） 2、完全竞争的成本固定不变行业包含许多厂商，每个厂商的长期总成本 函数为： LTC 0.1q 3 1.2q 2 11.1q ， q 是每个厂商的年产量。又知市场 需求函数 Q 6000 200P ， Q 是该行业的年销售量。求：（12 分） （1）厂商长期平均成本为最小的产量和销售价格？ （2）该行业的长期均衡产量以及长期均衡状态下厂商的数目？ 3、 一厂商的短期生产函数是 Q L3 24 L2 240L ， 求该厂商在生产的第 Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段上 L 的值？（8 分） 4、某垄断厂商所生产的产品在两个分割的市场出售，产品的成本函数和 两个市场的需求函数分别为 ： （14 分）
TC Q 2 10Q
销售量和利润？
Q1 32 0.4 P 1
Q2 18 0.1P2
（1）假设两个市场能实行差别价格，求解利润极大化时两个市场的价格、 （2）假设两个市场只能索取相同的价格，求解利润极大化时的价格、销 售量和利润？ 四、简答题（每小题 6 分，共 30 分） 1. 经济利润和会计利润有什么区别？ 2. 需求的价格弹性对厂商的总收益有何影响？ 3. 画图并解释完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线？ 4. 画图分析吉芬商品的价格下降时的替代效应和收入效应？ 5. 简述导致市场失灵的原因？ 五、论述题（共 28 分） 1、印象派大师凡·高生前作品无人问津，死后却卖出了天价，这就是所 谓的“人死画值钱” ，请分析背后的经济学原因。 （12 分） 2、画图并评述完全竞争和垄断竞争市场的长期均衡？（16 分）
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】材料科学基础2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码: 839 科目名称: 材料科学基础（共1 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一．概念题：（70分，每题2分）1.单晶体2.陶瓷3.金属玻璃4.固溶体5.合金6.间隙化合物7.过冷8.偏析9.晶界10.扩散11.空位机制12.Frenkel缺陷13.刃型位错14.位错密度15.滑移系16.临界晶核17.固态相变18惯习面19.物理吸附20.一级相变21.马氏体相变22.超点阵23.Meissner效应24.形状记忆效应25.磁滞回线26.铁电体27.热应力28.抗弯强度29.疲劳30.激光31.高弹态32.相对分子量分布33.内旋转异构体34.标准电极电位35.复合材料二．计算：（60分，每题10分）1.银属于面心点阵，若原子半径为1.44A o，原子量为108，求晶格常数，八面体间隙半径及银的密度。
2.画出Fe-C相图900℃以下部分，计算含0.45%C的钢平衡组织中，铁素体、珠光体、渗碳体的质量分数。
3.某金属材料的σ-ε曲线如图所示，由该曲线能得到哪些性能，试求之。
4.假设杂质完全电离，求电阻率为5×10-3Ω.m时，n型半导体中磷的浓度。
如果掺杂是通过扩散实现的，扩散时表面的磷浓度为1024原子/ m3，扩散2h ，计算距表面多远处达到所需要的浓度[D=4×10-13m2/s，0.009=erf（0.023）μe=0.14m2/s.v]5.计算NiO. Fe2O3在0K时饱和磁化强渡和磁感应强度（a=0.834nm, μB=9.27×10-24A.m2）6.一只玻璃杯弹性模量为80GPa,热膨胀系数为9×10-6℃-1，室温下加入开水，杯子会炸裂吗？三．讨论：（20分）试述导体、半导体、陶瓷的导电机理与性质。
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 847 科目名称：细胞生物学（共3页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、填空题（每空1分，共50分）1．1838-1839年德国科学家Shleiden和Schwann提出了著名的细胞学说，主要包括三大要点：即_______________________ _________；___________________________；__________________________________。
2．一个细胞生存与增殖所必备的结构装置是______ ___、、_____ _____和。
3．真核细胞的表达与原核细胞相比复杂的多，其调控可在______ ______、______ ___、_______ _________和____ __________等多个层次上进行。
4．细胞膜(质膜)主要由_____ ______和________ _______组成。
前者构成膜的基本骨架，主要包括___ ____ ___、______ ________和_____ _________。
后者是膜功能的主要体现者，可分为三种类型_______ ____、_____________和_______ _____。
5．细胞外基质的基本成分主要___________ ___、_______ _____、____ _________和_______ __ _____。
6． Golgi Complex 是细胞内膜系统的重要组成成分，由______________、_________ _和________ __三部分组成。
其最基本的化学组分是____ ______，特征性的标志酶是________________。
其主要功能是_________ _____和____________________。
7．细胞骨架由__ ___ ____、_____ ______和________ ____组成，其中与胞质分裂有关的细胞骨架成分是_____ ____；维持细胞形态的细胞骨架成分是_____ ____和_____ _______；与细胞分化有关的细胞骨架成分是________ ______。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】基础英语(1)2012
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学试题科目代码：642 科目名称：基础英语（1）(共13页)请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效PART I VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE （40 points）Choose one of the four answers that best completes the sentence.1. It is difficult to _______of a plan to end poverty.A. speculateB. conceiveC. ponderD. reckon2. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ____ majority are inactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming3. Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules andrarely______ from this routine.A. deviatedB. disconnectedC. detachedD. distorted4. Being cynical, he was reluctant to ______ the unselfishness of any kind of act until he had ruled out all possible secret, uncharitable motives.A.questionB. endureC. creditD. witness5. By putting the entire Woolf archive on a microfilm, the project directors hope to make the contents of manuscripts more _____ to scholars.A.accessibleB. objectiveC. appealingD. implicit6. Despite all its ______, a term of enlistment in the Peace Corps can be both stirring and satisfying to a college graduate still undecided on a career.A.rewardsB. renownC. romanceD. frustrations7. Fitness experts claim that jogging is ; once you begin to jog regularly, you may be unable to stop, because you are sure to love it more and more all the time.A. exhaustingB. illusiveC. addictiveD. overrated8. He open quoted "reason over passion" as maxim in the longstanding division among Canada's English-speaking majority and the French descended minority concentrated in his home province of Quebec.A. adjustingB. reconcilingC. conqueringD. consolidating9. Although most dreams apparently happen _______, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously10. The morning news says a school bus ______ with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.A. bumpedB. collidedC. crashedD. struck11. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered their difference.A. identicalB. parallelC. verticalD. specific12. Despite her compassionate nature, the new nominee to the Supreme Court was singleminded and uncompromising in her strict ______ the letter of the law.A.dismissal ofB. deviation fromC. adherence toD. resistance against13. The law on drinking and driving is ______ stated.A. extravagantlyB. exceptionallyC. empiricallyD. explicitly14. Despite almost universal______ of the vital importance of women's literacy, education remains a dream for far too many women in far too many countries of the world.A. identificationB. confessionC. complimentD. acknowledgement15. As visiting scholars, they _____willingly to the customs of the country they live in.A. submitB. commitC. conformD. subject16. Despite the ______ of the materials with which he worked, many of Tiffany’s Glass masterpieces have survived for more than seventy years.A.beautyB. abundanceC. majestyD. fragility17. Shares on the stock market have _____ as a result of worldwideeconomic downturn.A. turnedB. changedC. floatedD.18. He plays tennis to the ______A. eradicationB. exclusionC. extensionD. inclusion19. Gaddis is a formidably talented writer whose work has been,unhappily, more likely to intimidate or his readers than to lure them into his fictional world.A. fascinateB. strengthenC. transformD. repel20. Mr. Brown’s condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will ______.A. pull backB. pull upC. pull throughD. pull out21. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Miss King is certainly on the ________ of a brilliant career.A. thresholdB. edgeC. porchD. course22. As a _____ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.A. flexibleB. versatileC. sophisticatedD. productive23. First published in 1927, the charts remain an _______ source for researchersA. intelligentB. indispensableC. inevitableD. identical24. Contemporary critics often _____the poet Longfellow as a simple sentimentalist who relied too much on poetic meters only suitable for light verse.A.noticeB. endorseC. dismissD. acclaim25. Despite careful restoration and cleaning of the murals in the 1960s, the colors slowly but steadily _______.A.persistedB. saturatedC. deterioratedD. stabilized26. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in theof welfare, economics, and education.A. scopesB. rangesC. ranksD. domains27. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but inf act he was a(n)________.A. alienB. clientC. counterpartD. fraud28. Their claims to damages have not been _______ convincingly.A. refutedB. overwhelmedC. depressedD. intimidated29. It was__________ that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.A. addictedB. allegedC. assaultedD. ascribed.30. If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writer’s willingness to________ popular tastes.A. struggle againstB. cater toC. admireD. flout31. Dominant interests often benefit most from________ ofgovernment interference in business, since they are able to takecare of themselves if left alone.A. intensificationB. authorizationC. centralizationD. elimination32. Excellent films are those which national and culturalbarriers.A. transcendB. traverseC. abolishD. suppress33. Advances in health care have lengthened life spans, lowered infantmortality rates, and thus ________ the overpopulation problem.A. eliminatedB. aggravatedC. minimizedD. distorted34. American culture now stigmatizes, and sometimes even heavily_______ behavior that was once taken for granted: overt racism, cigarette smoking the use of sexual stereotypes.A. penalizesB. advocatesC. ignoresD. advertises35. Her is always a source of irritation: she never uses a singleword when she can substitute a long clause or phrase in its place.A. verbosityB. simplicityC. cogencyD. rhetoric36. Dr. Smith cautioned that the data so far are not sufficientlyto warrant dogmatic assertions by either side in the debate.A. hypotheticalB. tentativeC. controversialD. unequivocal37. It was only the first day of summer vacation, but his nerves werealready____ by the constant clamor of the children.A. eliminatedB. alleviatedC. provokedD. frayed38. Even if you do not what I have to say, I would appreciateyour listening to me with an open mind.A. concur withB. rejectC. clarifyD. deviate from39. He is the only person who can_______ in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysterious1y.A. testifyB. chargeC. accuseD. rectify40. He was success, painting not for the sake of fame ormonetary reward, but for the sheer love of art.A. indifferent toB. destined forC. jaded byD. enamored ofPART II CLOZE (10 Points)Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Write the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.The mass media is a big part of our culture, yet it can also be a helper,adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affectsthe lives of our young by acting as a(an) 1 for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way, it 2 a variety offunctions in human life. The time spent in front of the television screenis usually at the 3 of leisure: there is less time for games, amusement and rest. 4 by what is happening on the screen,children not only imitate what they see but directly 5 themselveswith different characters. Americans have been concerned aboutthe 6 of violence in the media and its 7 harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period, newmedia 8 , such as video games, cable television, music videos,and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity, thesemedia, 9 television, 10 public concern and research attention. Another large societal concern on our young generation 11 by the media, is body image. 12 forces caninfluence body image positively or negatively. 13 one, societal andcultural norms and mass media marketing 14 our concepts ofbeauty. In the mass media, the images of 15 beauty fill magazinesand newspapers, 16 from our televisions and entertainus 17 the movies. Even in advertising, the mass media 18 onaccepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain.Young adults are presented with a 19 defined standard of attractiveness, a(n) 20 that carries unrealistic physical expectations.1 A. alternative B. preference C. substitute D. representative2 A. accomplishes B. fulfills C. provides D. suffices3 A. risk B. mercy C. height D. expense4 A. Absorbed B. Attracted C. Aroused D. Addicted5 A. identify B. recognize C. unify D. equate6 A. abundance B. incidence C. prevalence D. recurrence7 A. disposed B. hidden C. implicit D. potential8 A. merged B. emerged C. immerged D. submerged9 A. apart from B. much as C. but for D. along with10 A. promote B. propel C. prompt D. prosper11 A. inspired B. imposed C. delivered D. contributed12 A. External B. Exterior C. Explicit D. Exposed13 A. As B. At C. For D. In14 A. mark B. effect C. impact D. shock15 A. generalized B. regularized C. standardized D. categorized16 A. boom B. bottom C. brim D. beam17 A. over B. with C. on D. at18 A. play B. take C. profit D. resort19 A. barely B. carefully C. narrowly D. subjectively20 A. ideal B. image C. stereotype D. criterion PART III READING COMPREHENSION (30 Points)In this section there are three reading passages followed by atotal of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages andthen write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage1In the 1950’s, as a writer and editor for Architectural Forum magazine, Jane Jacobs often visited housing projects designed by someof the leading architects of the day.In some cases, she observed that whole districts had been torndown and replaced by meticulously planned new buildings and parks,each of them a monument to its creator’s love of orderliness and hatredof traditional urban chaos. She discovered that these projects werestrikingly unsuccessful because they were imposed on rather thancreated in collaboration with the people using them. Intentionally, they eliminated diversity—stores were separated from dwellings, for instance—and yet diversity was the very quality that made city life interesting and enjoyable. Planners with the best of intentions hadcreated great windswept open spaced that no one wanted to use. Ms.Jacobs noticed that people preferred to spend their time visiting the oldand chaotic-looking neighborhoods nearby.In her writings she argued for the appreciation and nurturing of spontaneity and inventiveness of individuals rather than the generalized and abstract plans of governments and corporations. TheDeath and Life of Great American Cities was about planning, but alsoabout the spirit and energy that animate cities and civilizations. Jacobsargued that we must love cities for what they are: not poor imitationsof the countryside or works of art designed by master planners but unpredictable, exuberant, and surprising rich creations of those whoknow how to use them and care for them. People who were influencedby her argument began to think differently not only about planning of cities but also about spontaneity and diversity as virtues in themselves.1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainlyconcerned?A. Architectural writers of the 1950’s.B. Jane Jacobs’ observations about city planning.C. The need for housing projects.D. The problems caused by urban chaos.2.Jacobs criticized many big housing projects because theyA. were poorly planned and disorderly.B. were not supported by governments and corporations.C. did not reflect the designers’ preferences.D. did not take into account the needs of the people.3.According to Jacobs, the separation of stores from dwellings wasan example of theA. collaboration of planners and residents.B. desire for spontaneity.C. expression of individualism.D. elimination of diversity.4.Which of the following can be inferred about Jacobs?A. She thought cities were too crowded.B. She preferred neighborhoods where businesses and residencesare mixed.C. She lived in a planned community.D. She was concerned about safety standards in old buildings.5.According to Jacobs, where do people who live in housing projectsprefer to spend their time?A. In the countryside.B. In parks.C. At museums.D. In traditional city neighborhoods.Passage 2That Louise Nevelson is believed by many critics to be the greatest twentieth-century sculptor is all the more remarkable because the greatest resistance to women artists has been, until recently, in the field of sculpture. Since Neolithic times, sculpture has been consideredthe prerogative of men, partly, perhaps, for purely physical reasons: it was erroneously assumed that women were not suited for the hard manual labor required in sculpting stone, carving wood, or working metal. It has been only during the twentieth century that women sculptors have been recognized as major artists, and it has been in the United States, especially since the decades of the fifties and sixties, that women sculptors have shown the greatest originality and creative power. Their rise to prominence parallels the development of sculpture itself in the United States while there had been a few talented sculptors in the United States before the 1940's, it was only after 1945---when New York was rapidly becoming the art capital of the world---that major sculpture was produced in the United States. Some of the best was the work of women.By far the most outstanding of these women is Louise Nevelson, who in the eyes of many critics is the most original female artist alive today. One famous and influential critic, Hilton Kramer, said of her work, "For myself, I think Ms. Nevelson succeeds where the painters often fail." （17-18）Her works have been compared to the Cubist constructions of Picasso, the Surrealistic objects of Miro, and the Merzbau of Schwitters. Nevelson would be the first to admit that she has been influenced by all of these, as well as by African sculpture, and by Native American and pre-Columbian art, but she has absorbed all these influences and still created a distinctive art that expresses the urban landscape and the aesthetic sensibility of the twentieth century. Nevelson says, "I have always wanted to show the world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass through a creative mind." （24-26）Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedra l and NightCathedral, suggest such connotations. In some ways, her most ambitious works are closer to architecture than to traditional sculpture, but then neither Louise Nevelson nor her art fits into any neat category.6.The passage focuses primarily on which of the following?A.A general tendency in twentieth-century artB.The work of a particular artistC.The artistic influences on women sculptorsD.Critical responses to twentieth-century sculpture7.Which of the following statements is supported by informationgiven in the passage?A.Since 1945 women sculptors in the United States haveproduced more sculpture than have men sculptors.B.From 1900 to 1950 women sculptors in Europe enjoyed morerecognition for their work than did women sculptors in theUnited States.C.Prior to 1945 there were many women sculptors whose workwas ignored by critics.D.Prior to 1945 there was little major sculpture produced by menor women sculptors working the United States.8.The author quotes Hilton Kramer in lines 17-18 most probably inorder to illustrate which of the following?A.The realism of Nevelson's work.B.The unique qualities of Nevelon's style.C.The extent of critical approval of Nevelson's work.D.A distinction between sculpture and painting.9. Which of the following is one way in which Nevelson's art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in lines 24-26?A.She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or stone.B.She paints her sculptures and frames them in boxes.C.She makes no preliminary sketches but rather than allows the sculpture to develop as she works.D.She puts together pieces of ordinary objects once used for different purposes to make her sculptures.10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Nevelson's sculptures?A.They suggest religious and symbolic meanings.B.They do not have qualities characteristic of sculpture.C.They are mysterious and awe-inspiring, but not beautiful.D.They are uniquely American in style and sensibility.Passage 3The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlin’s interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanations for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of White servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the1630’s on those points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.This possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harshertreatment of Black slaves in North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America-such as a Roman conception of a slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality-explains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lake of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.11. Which of the following statements best describes the organizationof lines 1-5 of the passage?A. A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.B. Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and ageneralization from that evidence is advanced.C. A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.D. An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated andevidence for that interpretation is provided.12. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawnfrom the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures”(lines 14-15) passed during and after the 1660’s?A. The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s position of Black aswell as of White servants.B. The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving theposition of White servants relative to what it had been beforethe 1660’s.C. The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servantsto remain no better than it had been before the 1660’s.D. The acts, as the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes towardBlack servants that already existed before the 1660’s.13. With which of the following statements regarding the status ofBlack people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660’s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?A. Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves,they were often called slaves.B. Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had ahigher legal status than they did after the 1660’s.C. Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black peoplewere not legally considered to be slaves.D. Although often not treated the same as White people, Blackpeople, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.14. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of thefollowing about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?A. Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.B. Racial prejudice most often took the form of the imposition ofinherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.C. The source of racial prejudice was the institution of slavery.D. Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic Church, racialprejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.15. With which of the following statements regarding the reason forthe introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?A. The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to theorigins of slavery, before the 1660’s, in the Spanish andPortuguese colonies.B. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to adecline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after 1660’s.C. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s thanby reference to their position in the 1640’s and 1650’s.D. The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference tothe history of Black people in the colonies before 1660 than byreference to the improving position of White servants duringand after the 1660’s.PART IV TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE (30 Points)To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.PART V WRITING (40 Points)Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed (damaged) by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
青岛大学610中外美术史2009-2012和2014-2017年考研专业课真题试卷
青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：611科目名称：中外美术史（共1页）
请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
（总分150分）
一、解释:（共10题，每题5分，共50分）
1、饕餮纹
2、《人物龙凤帛画》
3、“外师造化，中得心源”
4、吴道子
5、八大山人
6、纳米尔石板
7、维米尔
8、米勒
9、威尼斯画派
10、未来主义
二、简答题:（共4题，每题10分，共40分）
1、简析《古画品录》
2、简析《虢国夫人游春图》
3、简析杜桑的创作风格
4、简析巴洛克艺术的风格特征及代表画家
三、论述:（共2题，每题30分，共60分）
1、试论述后印象主义美术的基本特征以及代表画家的艺术特色
2、阐述唐朝至南宋中国山水画的演变与发展
1。
青岛科技大学2012年研究生入学考试外国美术史试卷
青岛科技大学二○一二年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目：外国美术史注意事项：1．本试卷共 6 道大题（共计 48 个小题），满分 150 分；2．本卷属试题卷，答题另有答题卷，答案一律写在答题卷上，写在该试题卷上或草纸上均无效。
要注意试卷清洁，不要在试卷上涂划；3．必须用蓝、黑钢笔或签字笔答题，其它均无效。
﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡﹡、、填空题（每空1分，共22分）1、位于洞窟的《受伤的野牛》，刻画了野牛在受伤之后的蜷缩、挣扎，准确有力地表现了动物的结构和动态。
2、两河流域是指今伊拉克境内的幼发拉底河和底格里斯河之间的地区，古希腊人称它为“ ”，意为“两条河之间的地区”。
3、在古埃及人的观念中，是永久的栖身之地，它甚至比宫殿更为重要。
4、考古发现说明：克里特文化是爱琴文化的源头，迈锡尼文化是克里特文化的继承，而则是希腊文化最早的起源地。
5、罗马浮雕具有记事、写实的特征，其最突出的代表是《》浮雕。
6、随着印度佛教美术的繁荣，佛像雕刻开始出现于时期，并开拓了以佛像雕刻为中心的佛教美术造型的新时期。
7、作为玛雅宗教圣地，蒂卡尔主要由金字塔神庙和举行仪式的广场组成，中心区达16平方公里。
这里的金字塔占地面积不大，但陡峭峻拔，往往高出丛林40米左右，故被人们称为“ ”。
8、公元8世纪，由法兰克国王查理曼领导的“加洛林文艺复兴”，其最大意义在于将北欧的与地中海文明成功地融合在一起。
9、是15世纪佛罗伦萨画派的最后一位大师，他注重用线造型，强调优美典雅的节奏和富丽鲜艳的色彩。
10、尼德兰画家扬.凡.埃克于1432年完成的《》，其主体部分《羔羊的礼赞》，人物形象端庄自然，栩栩如生，花草景物绚丽多彩，充满生机。
11、在强有力的社会风暴冲击下，德国的文艺复兴美术从开始形成而达到极盛时期，肖像画与风景画开始作为独立画科出现，特别是达到了当时欧洲的最高水平。
12、欧洲的美术学院最早产生于意大利，当时最著名的学院之一是，它大约创建于1582年，创始人是著名的画家卡拉契兄弟。
【青岛大学2012年考研专业课真题】概率论及数理统计(2)2012
p( ) ～ N ( , 2 ) ， , 2 为未知参数， （ 1 , 2 ,..., n ） 是来自总体 的一个样本，问：
2
1） , 2 的矩估计； 2） , 2 的极大似然估计； 3）以上两个估计是否无偏估计？若不是如何修正？ 七、 （本题 20 分） 对于多元线性回归模型：
yi 0 1 xi1 ... p xip i , i 1,2,..., n 各 i 相互独立且服从N (0, 2 )分布
试推导多元回归模型参数向量的最小二乘估计表达式，并给出 2 的无偏 估计表达式。
3
设这三家工厂的产品在仓库中是均匀混合的，且无区别的标志，问： 1）在仓库中随机地取一只元件，求它是次品的概率； 2）在仓库中随机地取一只元件，若已知取到的是次品，为追溯产品质量 责任，求此次品出自三家工厂生产的概率分别是多少？ 三、 （本题 25 分）
（，） 设二维随机变量 具有密度函数
Ce 2( x y ) , 0 x ,0 y p ( x, y ) ，试求： 其它 0,
i
pi
2000 0.2
3000 0.3
4000 0.5
计算上述赔款总量 S 的 ES 及 DS 。 五、 （本题 20 分） 1）设 是非负连续型随机变量，证明：对 x 0 ，有
p( x) 1 E x
r
2）若对连续型随机变量 ，有 E (r 0) ，证明：
1）常数 C； 2) 分布函数 F ( x, y) ；
1
3）边际分布函数 F（ x), F ( y ) 及相应的边际密度； 4）求 落在区域 G ( x, y) : x 0, y 0, x y 1内的概率。 （，） 四、 （本题 25 分） 假设某险种在投保时期内一共发生了 N 次赔款， i 表示第 i 次赔款额， 则相应的赔款总量为： S 1 2 ... N ，其中 N 为取非负整数值的随 机变量，1， 2， ..., N 具有相同的分布函数，且 N，1， 2， ..., N 相互独立， 试求： 1）赔款总量 S 的数学期望 ES 及方差 DS ； 2）若 N 服从参数 3 的泊松分布，第 i 笔赔款额 i 的分布列为
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青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：611 科目名称：中外美术史（共1 页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效
一、词语解释（每小题5分，共50分，要求解释概念，并作较具体说明）
1、《人物御龙图》
2、彩陶
3、吴家样
4、阎立本
5、文徵明
6、《威伦道夫的维纳斯》
7、波鲁盖尔
8《马拉之死》
9、印象画派
10、列宾
二、问答题（每小题10分，共40分，回答要有理有据）
1、简要说明秦代兵马俑坑的创作主题思想、艺术成就及艺术价值
2、德拉克罗瓦艺术的特色
3、试述徐渭花鸟画创作对于中国写意花鸟画发展的贡献
4、法国新古典主义美术艺术的特点是什么？
三、论述题（每小题30分，共60分，要求观点明确，言之有理有据，论述充分，语言流畅）
1、比较说明西方现代艺术和后现代艺术的特点并阐明其转变的原因
2、试析谢赫提出的“六法”及其对后世的影响。