初中英语语法知识名词与冠词

初中英语语法知识：名词与冠词
1.a 用在辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前；an用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前。

2.表示乘坐交通工具时，注意by 后不带冠词，on 或in 后面可以加冠词或其他限定词。

如：by bike ,on his /a bike
3.某些短语中有无定冠词the表达的意义不同。

例如：be in hospital 住院,be in the hospital在医院。

go to school 无上学,go to the school 去学校。

4.“the +形容词”表示一类人the old =the old people ,the rich =rich people .
5.“the +姓氏的复数”表示一家人。

The Browns ：Brown 一家人
6.加the的情况
①序数词和形容词最高级前
②方位乐器前
③江河湖泊海洋等名词前
④next ,last , same , only 等此前
⑤第一无二的天体名词前
⑥由普通名词构成的转悠名词前
请在下列横线中填入适当的冠词。

1.___ old man behind Mary is ___ university teacher.
2.Are you good at playing ____ basketball or playing ___ piano?
3._____ youngest leader in China is ___ man called Lu Hao .
4.How do you go to __ work?
I usually take ___ bus .
5.What ___ useful dictionary !And ____ dictionary was bought in Tianhe Bookstore.
6.He is ___ university student and he comes from ____ island in England .
7.-Have you seen the key to ___ car ?
-I think ___ key is on the desk .
8.-How far is it from our school to ___ seaside? -It is ___ eight – kilometer walk from here .
9.I have got ___ bad headache all day ,so I think I’ll go to bed early .
10.If you go by ___ train ,you can have quite a comfortable trip ,but make sure you get __ fast one .
11.She has been in ___hospital for three days .We go to ___ hospital to see her every day .
12.There is ____ book on the shelf .Would you please get ___book for me ?
13.Learning ____ country’s language is a better way of knowing ____culture behind it .
14.I hope we can fly to ___moon one day .
7.数词加名词作定语时，有两种表达。

例如：a ten minutes’ drive = a ten-minute drive
8.“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合词时，中间的名词用单数。

a ten-meter-long bridge / a ten meters long bridge
Small practice
1.-How deep is the hole ?
-It is _________(四米深).
2.-How far is your school from your home ?
-About ___________(二十分钟的走路路程).
3.Each of us has to write a _______ report every two weeks .
A.two-hundred-word
B.two-hundreds-word
C.two-hundreds-words
D.two-hundred-words
4.There is ____ 800-meter long road behind ____ hospital.
9. 名词分可数名词与不可数名词。

可数名词有单数和复数，不可数名词没有单数和复数。

写出下列单数可数名词的复数：
①desk
②watch bus box brush
③baby monkey
④leaf knife
⑤potato tomato photo zoo piano
⑥foot tooth goose
⑦man woman policeman
⑧Chinese Japanese sheep fish
⑨Child mouse
10.容易出错的不可数名词有：advice ,fun , information ,music , news , weather ,work
1. My mother bought some_____ for my birthday party yesterday.
A.apple
B.banana
C.orange
D.meat
2. - Oh，there isn't enough_____ for us in the lift.
- No hurry.Let's wait for the next.
A.ground
B.floor
C.place
D.room
3.- I've got a little_____ in my house.
- Why not keep two or more?
A.juice
B.mice
C.bread
D.fish
4.The sweetest_____ in the world is birds' singing, I think.
A.cry
B.noise
C.voice
D.sound
5.They have much coloured_____.Let's go and ask for some.
A.rules
B.paper
C.erasers
D.sharpeners
6. - what's your favorite_____?
- Oranges.
A.color
B.fruit
C.juice
D.vegetable
7.- Would you like some_____?
- No, thank you.I'm not hungry at all.
A.tea
B.water
C.bread
D.coffee
8.Mr Smith always has _____ to tell us.
A.some good pieces of news
B.some pieces of good news
C.some good piece of newes
D.some piece of good news
9.Please pass us _____.
A.two glass of milk
B.two glass of milks
C.two glasses of milks
D.two glasses of milk
10.These Germans want to have some _____ or supper，so they decide to catch_____now.
A.fish；many
B.fishes；much
C.fish；much
D.fishes；many
11. man 和woman 作定语修饰复数名词时用复数形式，boy和girl作定语修饰复数名词时用单数形式。

如：men teachers ,girl students .
12. 名词所有格中的“of+短语”主要用于无生命的东西a leg of a table
双重或多重所有格则多用于有生命的东西。

a photo of my brother’s
6.表示词组内并列名词的共同所有关系，只需在并列的最后的名词后加-‘s，如果表示各自的所有关系，则需在每个并列名词后加-‘s。

如Jim and Tom’s room (共同所有的) Jim’s and Tom’s room（各自所有的）
13. sound ,voice and noise
Please don’t make any _____, the b aby is asllep.
There is no _____ coming from TV.
Alice has a beautiful _____.She sings best in the school.
Small practice
1.How many _____ are there in the international village ?
A. Germen
B. Frenchmans
C. Chinese
D. Amercian
2.-What did you see just now ?
-I saw two ____ doctors _____ out of the house .
A. woman; come
B. woman ;came
C. women ; coming
D. women ;to come
3. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs
B. roofs, leaves
C. rooves, leafs
D. rooves, leaves
4. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctors
C. woman doctor
D. women doctor
5. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos
B. potatos, tomatoes
C. potatoes, tomatos
D. potatoes, tomatoes
6. We know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound
B. sounds
C. the sounds
D. a sound
7. Two ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
8. She used to have three______ .
A.boys friends
B.boy-friends
C.boy friend
D.boy friends
9. I like these dishes but______ is a little too small.
A. the tea cup
B.the cup of tea
C. the tea's cup
D.the cup for tea
10. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the ____ movie could not hold our attention.
A.three-hours
B. three-hour
C.three-hours'
D.three-hour's
14. 修饰可数名词与不可数名词
用a few ,few ,a little ,little填空。

1.There is _____ meat in the fridge .Please go to buy some.
2.She just came ,so she has ____ friends in this school.
3.Your father bought _______ cakes back, if you are hungry ,you can eat them.
4.I know quite ______ people because I’ve worked here for nearly twenty years.
5.Can I drink_____ water ?I am still very hungry.
6.- I've got a little_____ in my house.
- Why not keep two or more?
A.juice
B.mice
C.bread
D.fish
15. A number of 表示许多，后面加可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词要用复数，the number of 表示……的数量，后面加可数名词的复数，作主语时谓语动词要用可数名词的单数。

1. of students ___(be)playing football on the playground .
2.______________ of the students in my school ____(be)two thousand. Small practice
1.-You looked tired this morning .What did you do yesterday ?
-I did ______ Christmas shopping.
A.a lot of
B. a few of
C. a number of
D.a piece of
2.-What about Mr Black’s speech?
-Wonderful! There were _______ there.
A.a large number
B. much
C. a great deal of
D. lots
3.Paper-making is _____ of ancient China.
A. one of greatest invention
B. one of the greatest inventions
C. one of the greatest inventors
D. one of great inventor
4.The letter from my uncle was short .There wasn’t ____ news.
A. many
B. a few
C. much
D. few
5.He has _____ bread to eat , so he often gives me some.
A. too much
B. too many
C. little
D. a few
6.I can’t listen to him clearly because I know ______ English .
A. a few
B. a little
C. little
D. many
7. Two hundred yuan is _______ for me to use in a week .
A. too many
B. too few
C. enough
D. many
8. It took us ______ time to finish our homework today .
A. too much
B. too many
C. many
D. a few
9.-Can I talk to you for a minute ?
-Sure .I have _____ time .
A. a few
B. little
C. few
D. a little
10.-I’d like ______ g rapes and pears .
-Oh ,I only need _____ orange juice.
A. some,a few
B.a few ,some
C.a little,few
D.a little ,a few
11. The number of people invited____fifty,but a number of them____absent for different reasons.
A.were;was
B.was;was
C.was;were
D.were;were
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