2023年中考英语热点时文阅读19 碳中和碳达峰

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-碳中和碳达峰
01
（2022·山西临汾·三模）请阅读下面的非连续性文本，按要求完成所给任务，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Forests are home to many plants and animals. They also matter to humans in different ways. In China, Tree Planting Day arrives on March 12. It was set up to remind people about the importance of forests.
________
They enrich the soil. They take in CO2 and give out O2.
They provide food They are home to 80 percent of the
for millions of people.world’s animals, plants and insects.
Chart Ⅰ
China’s forest coverage（覆盖率）
Chart Ⅰ
China planted 3.6 million hectares of forest in 2021, according to the National Afforestation Committee （国际造林委员会）. That’s more than double the area of Beijing. The committee called on all adults to plant three to five trees a year. During the past 40 years, volunteers planted nearly 79 billion trees across China. China has become the country with the largest increase in forest resources（资源）and the largest area of planted forests.
People are also encouraged to take part in greening projects. Alipay’s Ant Forest is one way to help. Users get “green energy” points through daily actions, and the project will plant real trees for them. More than 600 million Chinese have used this app to live greener lifestyles and help protect the environment. Ant Forest has planted more than 360 million trees in China since 2016.
Besides big projects, China also focuses on（专注于）small actions in cities. The committee said China now has more than 20,000 “pocket parks”—mini parks in cities. It has also built more than 80,000 kilometers of green pathways（道路）across the country.
Chart Ⅰ
In the future, China will take more actions to help our environment so that we can reach the goal of achieving carbon neutrality（碳中和）before 2060 successfully.
1．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
______________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Please add a subtitle（小标题）in ________ in Chart Ⅰ.（No more than six words.）
3．How many percent of China’s forest coverage were increased from 2003 to 2021?
______________________________________________________________________________________ 4．How can we get “green energy” points from Ant Forest?（Two examples are OK.）
______________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What small actions has China taken to go green?
______________________________________________________________________________________ 6．What can you do for our country’s greening projects?
______________________________________________________________________________________
02
（2022·重庆·中考真题）The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a great success. China has kept the promise to hold a green Olympics. Many green actions made it possible, like providing environmentally friendly smart beds, using new energy(能源) cars, supporting sporting places with 100% clean energy and reusing rain and snow water.
Take making ice as an example. China didn’t use R507, a common material to make ice, because it isn’t friendly enough to the environment. Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.
A net of tubes runs under the ice. High-pressure liquid(液态) CO₂ goes through them to create heat(热) exchange. The CO₂ evaporates(蒸发) under the ice surface. The evaporation takes in heat and turns water on the surface into ice. And the CO₂ goes into another circle. This technology helps to make ice better and faster. And above all, it is much greener because there’s no new CO₂ produced. Among all the 15 ice sporting places in the Winter Olympics, 7 used the CO₂ direct cooling technology to make ice. As a result, much less pollution was caused.
Beijing did so much more to save energy. Beijing built the new sporting places with green materials. As for the old ones, Beijing used new glass walls to take the place of traditional walls to let more natural light in. 70% of the waste heat was also reused to keep warm and dry. And a large number of new energy cars were used at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is the first to truly achieve carbon neutrality(碳中和), and it has set new standards in green technologies. Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.
7．How long did it take China to develop the CO₂ direct cooling technology?
A．18 months.B．100 weeks.C．15 days.D．7 years.
8．The writer writes Para. 3 to show ________.
A．why the CO₂ goes into another circle
B．how the new ice-making technology helped
C．how sporting places used the new technology
D．why the liquid CO₂ runs through the net of tubes
9．According to the passage, we can infer(推断) that ________.
A．all the buildings will be built with glass walls in the near future
B．the CO₂ direct cooling technology may be widely used in the world
C．the high-pressure liquid CO₂ will totally take the place of R507 soon
D．no new standards in green technologies may be set after the Olympics
10．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．A New Green Ice-making Technology
B．Green Technologies Used in Sports
C．A Shared Future of Green Development
D．The Green Beijing Winter Olympics
03
（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）More than 1,000 schools across the UK have signed up（报名）to a project with the aim of helping schools become carbon neutral（碳平衡的）by 2030. Carbon neutral means cutting down carbon emissions（碳排放）to zero or balancing them out in other ways. Carbon emissions are gases such as carbon dioxide（CO2）that come out into the atmosphere, where they make climate change worse. This has also caused the temperature rise.
Emissions are caused by all sorts of human activities, such as burning fossil fuels（coal, oil and gas）to make energy, cutting down forests and some types of farming. Becoming carbon neutral includes cutting the amount of carbon emissions a school produces and balancing those that are left by taking some carbon
out of the atmosphere.
The project also shows how small changes can make a big difference. These might include thinking carefully about energy use, cutting waste, growing food closer to where it's eaten and walking or cycling to school if it is possible. Ways of balancing out the carbon emissions that a school still makes include planting trees and plants that take in CO2 as they grow.
Ysgol Bro Dinefwr Secondary School in Wales has promised to run entirely on renewable（可再生的）energy（such as wind and solar power）within the next three years. At Down High School in Northern Ireland, the students are looking after their own bees. So when flowers and crops produce food, that helps. Other schools have projects to cut food waste by weighing it after each meal to know how much is not being eaten. Some put the waste into a system that can turn this waste into useful things. They will be put on the garden to help plants grow.
Climate change is seen as a major global challenge. We can see it all around us. So join together, find out ways your school can put efforts to, and talk to a teacher about signing up.
11．Which statement would the author most probably agree with?
A．Human activities influence the environment.
B．The fight against climate change will not succeed.
C．More UK schools should be introduced to the world.
D．We could deal with the climate change without changing our behavior.
12．How could the schools reduce carbon emissions?
A．By moving to the countryside.B．By cutting waste and planting trees.
C．By providing more spaces for students.D．By burning coal instead of gas to make energy. 13．Why does the author give examples of the schools in paragraph 4?
A．To praise these schools.B．To show the difficulties in the project.
C．To call for more schools to take action.D．To explain the efforts made by the government. 14．What is the best title for the text?
A．How to Help Plants Grow B．Schools Sign Up to Help the Planet
C．Carbon Emissions in the UK Schools D．Our Planet, a Wonderful Living Place
04
（2022·山东·临沂市河东区教育科学研究与发展中心一模）Climate change is a big problem humans
are facing. How can we deal with it? Reducing carbon emissions (碳排放) is important. But what if we could capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air and use it to do other things?
Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.
It will not only be good for Earth, but “will also be important for Mars,” Musk said. The air on Mars is made up of 95 percent CO2. If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.
The idea may sound strange but it’s not totally crazy. There are already some technologies that might help with this. According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, the carbon atoms (原子) in CO2 and the hydrogen (氢) atoms in water can be combined to make methane (甲烷) or ethanol (乙醇). They could be used as fuel. If we do this on Mars, energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).
The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly. “If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air,” said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company, a US company that focuses on CO2 collecting technologies.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

15．What is SpaceX working on?
A．Reducing CO2 emissions.B．Building a new rocket.C．Turning CO2 into fuel.
16．What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds?
A．It will take energy from the sun.
B．It will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.
C．It will take 95 percent of CO2 out of the air.
17．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．How CO2 can be turned into fuel.
B．Where CO2 can be taken.
C．How the energy from the sun can be used.
18．What can we learn from what Stafford Sheehan said?
A．Scientists use 715 tons of CO2 to launch a rocket.
B．There will be no CO2 emissions anymore.
C．SpaceX’s idea would be good for the environment.
05
（2022·北京丰台·二模）
“Look! The community center is having an art contest,” said Grace. She was holding a flyer(传单).
Mrs. Simon read the flyer aloud. Everyone agreed they would like to enter the art contest. Mrs. Simon said, “Our classroom supply of art materials is low because it’s the end of the year. I’ll check with Mrs. Rice to see what she has.”
Mrs. Rice, the art teacher, didn’t have any art materials. “I won’t be getting a supply until next year,” she said. The whole class was upset. “How can we enter the art contest without art materials?” asked Grace.
“Maybe we can raise some money. We could have a bake sale,” suggested Hal.
“I don’t think there’s time,” Mrs. Simon said.
“Let’s use the paper in the recycling bin,” Pablo said. Pablo did not often raise his hand. He rarely spoke up, so everyone was surprised when he offered an idea.
Hal said, “I’m curious about your idea. I want to learn why you would use old paper.”
“So we can save Earth’s resources,” replied Pablo. “When we use recycled paper, we use natural materials and save trees.”
“We can also use this old string and these wire hangers.” added Grace.
Now the class had to decide what to do with the materials. Pablo had another idea. “We can fold the paper into cranes. Then we can attach the cranes to a frame to make a mobile.” Mrs. Simon taught the children how to fold the paper into cranes. Then everyone helped attach the cranes to the mobile.
On the day of the art contest, the paper crane mobile hung in the large community center room. The huge space was crowded with art projects. From far off, the class spotted their project. The crane mobile swayed(摇摆) gently as people walked past. The paper cranes appeared to be softly flying.
The judges checked each art project. They looked closely at the crane mobile.
The paper crane mobile won the prize for the most creative use of materials. As the class proudly accepted their prize, they could not stop grinning (咧嘴笑). Grace exclaimed, “We made our art project, and we saved the Earth at the same time!”
19．How did the whole class feel when they knew they couldn’t get any art materials?
A．Happy.B．Surprised.C．Upset.D．Nervous.
20．What did they decide to do with the old materials they found?
A．To DIY wire hangers.B．To make paper cranes.
C．To raise some money.D．To build a center room.
21．According to the passage, their art project won the prize because they ________.
A．made the most wonderful work of art in class
B．decorated the center room with the paper cranes
C．worked as a team and solved the problems together
D．made good use of old materials and saved the Earth
参考答案：
1．它（植树节）的设立是为了让人们意识到森林的重要性。

/设立它（植树节）的目的是让人们明白森林很重要。

2．What can forests do?/Why do forests matter?/Why are forests important?/The functions of forests/…3．4.83%.4．By using shared bikes and walking; By using online payment; By taking public transport like bus or subway.5．It has built a large number of mini parks and green pathways.6．（Answers vary.）I will not use single-use chopsticks./I’ll choose public transport if possible when traveling./…
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的绿化情况以及为实现碳中和所做的努力。

1．It“它”，指代植树节；was set up“被设立”；to remind people“为了让人们意识到/明白”；about the importance of forests“关于森林的重要性”。

故填：它（植树节）的设立是为了让人们意识到森林的重要性。

/设立它（植树节）的目的是让人们明白森林很重要。

2．根据图片和对应图解可知，这里讲的是森林的作用和重要性。

故填What can forests do?/Why do forests matter?/Why are forests important?/The functions of forests/…
3．根据图表“2003—18.21%”和“2021—23.04%”可知，从2003年到2021年，中国的森林覆盖率增加
了4.83%（23.04－18.21=4.83）。

故填4.83%.
4．根据“Users get ‘green energy’ points through daily actions”和常识可知，人们可以通过骑共享单车、网上支付和乘坐公共交通等方式获得“绿色能量”。

故填By using shared bikes and walking; By using online payment; By taking public transport like bus or subway.（任意两点即可）
5．根据“China now has more than 20,000 “pocket parks”—mini parks in cities. It has also built more than 80,000 kilometers of green pathways（道路）across the country.”可知，中国为绿化采取的小型行动包括建造了大量小型公园和绿色通道。

故填It has built a large number of mini parks and green pathways. 6．答案不唯一，联系实际符合问题要求即可，比如不使用一次性筷子，乘坐公共交通等。

参考答案为I will not use single-use chopsticks./I’ll choose public transport if possible when traveling./…
7．A8．B9．B10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。

7．细节理解题。

根据“Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.”可知，历史18个月，中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。

故选A。

8．段落大意题。

分析第三段内容可知，本段主要是介绍二氧化碳直接冷却技术是如何运作来制冰的，故选B。

9．推理判断题。

根据“As a result, much less pollution was caused.”和“Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.”可知，造成的污染减少了，且一些报纸称，中国在环境保护和绿色发展方面为世界树立了榜样。

由此推知，二氧化碳直接冷却技术在世界范围内具有广泛的应用前景，故选B。

10．最佳标题题。

本文主要介绍北京2022年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。

选项D“绿色北京冬奥会”符合主题，故选D。

11．A12．B13．C14．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国的一些学校实施的有关碳中和的情况，并呼吁更多的学校采取行动，保护环境。

11．细节理解题。

根据“Carbon emissions are gases such as carbon dioxide（CO2）that come out into the atmosphere...Emissions are caused by all sorts of human activities”可知，是人类活动影响了环境，故选
A。

12．细节理解题。

根据“Ways of balancing out the carbon emissions that a school still makes include planting trees and plants that take in CO2 as they grow.”以及“ Other schools have projects to cut food waste...”可知，学校主要是通过减少食物浪费和种树来减少碳排放，故选B。

13．推理判断题。

根据“The project also shows how small changes can make a big difference.”及“So join together, find out ways your school can put efforts to, and talk to a teacher about signing up.”可知，作者给出了几个学校方面的例子主要是为了呼吁更多的学校采取行动，故选C。

14．最佳标题题。

根据“More than 1,000 schools across the UK have signed up（报名）to a project with the aim of helping schools become carbon neutral（碳平衡的）by 2030. ”及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍了英国的一些学校实施的有关碳中和的情况，并呼吁更多的学校采取行动，保护环境，B选项作为文章的标题比较合适，故选B。

15．C16．B17．A18．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了气候变化是人类面临的一个大问题，减少碳排放这很重要。

文中介绍了SpaceX将会把二氧化碳转化成燃料，这将使从火星到地球的旅行更容易，也有利于环保。

15．细节理解题。

根据“Recently, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program. It’s going to take CO2 out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.”可知，SpaceX的新项目是把空气中的二氧化碳转化为火箭燃料。

故选C。

16．细节理解题。

根据“If we could turn CO2 into fuel, we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.”可知，如果这个项目能成功的话，它将使从火星到地球的旅行变得更容易。

故选B。

17．段落大意题。

根据“According to Di-Jia Liu, a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US, …sun might be used as a catalyst (催化剂).”可知，第四段主要讲的是如何将二氧化碳转化为燃料。

故选A。

18．推理判断题。

根据“If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch, we could prevent 715 tons of CO2 from being put into the air”可知，如果以二氧化碳为基础的燃料可以用于火箭发射，我们就可以防止715吨二氧化碳被排放到空气中，由此可推断Stafford Sheehan认为SpaceX的想法将对环境有益。

故选C。

19．C20．B21．D
【导语】本文讲述了学生们在没有多余的美术材料的情况下，积极想办法参与社区中心举办的艺术比赛，并获奖的故事。

19．细节理解题。

根据“...The whole class was upset.”可知，当他们知道他们得不到任何艺术材料时，全班同学很不安，故选C。

20．细节理解题。

根据“We can fold the paper into cranes...Mrs. Simon taught the children how to fold the paper into cranes.”可知，他们决定把废纸折成纸鹤，故选B。

21．细节理解题。

根据“The paper crane mobile won the prize for the most creative use of materials...We made our art project, and we saved the Earth at the same time!”可知，他们的艺术项目获奖是因为他们充分利用废旧材料的同时也拯救了地球，故选D。