2018年江苏省高考学科基地高考英语模拟试卷(八)

2018年江苏省高考学科基地高考英语模拟试卷（八）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D、）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．
1．(★)Born and raised in a rural area， the middle-aged lady didn't
[ ]that she could leave the countryside and go to Beijing some day．（）
A．anticipate B．deduce C．exploit D．preview
2．(★)Coral reefs are at the top of the biodiversity system
[ ]almost all kinds of living murine categories have representative species living among them（）
A．that B．when C．where D．which
3．(★★★★)Each misfortune you come across will carry in [ ]the seed of tomorrow's good luck． So hang on until you succeed．（）
A．one B．that C．it D．some
4．(★)I think it is compulsory that all motorcyclists
[ ]necessary facilities to ensure the safety of themselves and other road-users．（）
A．are equipped with B．to be equipped with
C．were equipped with D．be equipped with
5．(★)Don't speak needlessly， as nobody will accept your excuses which lack
[ ]consistency．（）
A．crucial B．fragile C．internal D．massive
6．(★)一Would you tell me what the lecture delivered yesterday was about？
-- Sorry， I was just [ ]for the lecturer had a strong accent．（）
A．carried over B．held back
C．split up D．turned off
7．(★)Pop star Taylor Swift on Wednesday made
[ ]officials described as a generous donation to the Foundation， helping the survivors of domestic violence．（）
A．what B．it C．how D．that
8．(★)Honestly，[ ]your advice we would have been able to finish the project in lime．（）
A．we followed B．we had followed
C．did we followed D．had we followed
9．(★)Although strict tobacco control regulations are
[ ]in Nantong， violations still take place at entertainment venues and in restaurants and office buildings．（）
A．in place B．in force
C．in practice D．in charge
10．(★)Heihe， in China's Heilongjiang province，[ ]Russia，was part of a Japanese puppet state known as Manchukuo in the area of Manchuria at that time．（）
A．bordered B．to border
C．bordering D．having bordered
11．(★)Many celebrities declared that they would stand ready to help
[ ]they could after the awful attack in Las Vegas on October 1， 2017．（）
A．wherever B．whatever C．whoever D．however
12．(★)Jack and some of his classmates [ ]to help the
elderly in the nearby nursing home during the summer holiday to come．（）
A．volunteered
B．are volunteering
C．will be volunteering
D．have been volunteering
13．(★)Many of us，climate experts warn，seem unable to ________ the potential disasters global warming might bring about．（）
A．get up to B．wake up to C．live up to D．look up to
14．(★★)Behind the president [ ]some distinguished guests，who are here to discuss the investment．（）
A．walks B．walk
C．walking D．are walking
15．(★)-It's surprising that Robert should be cheated by such a simple trick．
- [ ]．（）
A．No man is wise at all times
B．There is no smoke without fire
C．The pot calls the kettle black
D．A word to the wise is sufficient
第二节：完形填空（满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36 ～55各题所给的四
个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项．
16．(★★★★)Loneliness can be seen as a social phenomenon in modern
society． It is a very common， though normally temporary，（1） of a breakup，divorce， or loss of any important log-term relationship． In these cases，
loneliness may result both from the loss of a specific person and from the （2）
from social circles． The loss of a significant person in one's life will typically initiate a（n）（3） response．
Loneliness may also result from any socially disruptive（破裂的）event， such
as moving from one's home town into （4） communities leading to homesickness． Loneliness can also occur in places with low population densities in which there are comparatively few people to （5）．
There are many different ways used to （6） loneliness． What most doctors recommend to patients is therapy． Short term therapy typically occurs over
a period of ten to twenty weeks． During therapy，（7） is put on understanding the cause of the problem， reversing the negative thoughts， feelings，and attitudes resulting from the problem， and （8） ways to help the
patient feel connected． Some doctors also recommend（9） therapy as a means to connect with other sufferers and establish a support system． Some
patients may also develop a resistance to a certain type of medication and need to （10） periodically．
Another treatment is animal-assisted therapy． Studies and surveys indicate
that the （11） of animal companions can （12） feelings of
loneliness or depression among some sufferers． Beyond the companionship the animal itself provides there may also be increased opportunities for （13） with other pet owners． There are a number of other health benefits associated with pet ownership， such as lowered blood pressure． In addition， some other （14）approaches may include exercise， dieting， etc， which many patients find have a （15） effect on relieving symptoms． Results of a study also suggest that correcting maladaptive social cognition （认知）offers the best chance of （16）loneliness．
（17）， loneliness can sometimes play an important role in the （18）process． Temporary or prolong loneliness can sometimes lead to notable artistic
and creative （19）， for example， as was the case with poet Emily Dickinson． This may have an influence on the subject matter of the artist and more likely he （20） in individuals engaged in creative activities．
（1）A． pressure B． concern C． consequence D． evidence
（2）A． protection B． departure C． opposition D． withdrawal
（3）A． grief B． emotion C． offence D．horror
（4）A． informal B． uncertain C． relevant D． unfamiliar
（5）A． turn to B． interact with C． long for D． share with
（6）A． release B． observe C． monitor D． treat
（7）A． emphasis B． attention C． analysis D．operation
（8）A． studying B． exploring C． searching D． finding
（9）A． long-term B． sightseeing C． patient D． group
（10）A． quit B． evolve C． switch D． exercise
（11）A． presence B． absence C． experiment D． assignment
（12）A． confirm B． protest C． enhance D． ease
（13）A． socializing B． interfering C． comparing D． coping
（14）A． traditional B． controversial C． alternative D． aggressive
（15）A． historic B． restorative C． decisive D． permanent
（16）A． promoting B． enhancing C． reducing D． striving
（17）A． Therefore B． Nevertheless C． Otherwise D． Thus
（18）A． creative B． musical C． artistic D． poetic
（19）A． impression B． expression C． breakthrough D． production
（20）A． absorbed B． lost C． present D． weak
第三部分：阅读理解（满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最桂选项.
17．(★★★)
Cinque Terre， Italy
Autumn is the best season to see and sense the explosion of colours in the woods and paths high above the Mediterranean as you walk from one town in Italy's Cinque Terre to another． The Sentiero Azzurro connects the villages between Monterosso al Mare and Riomaggiore over 12km and will take you from shady copses sheltered by red-and gold-leafed trees lo deep green olive groves before you emerge into sunlit walkways with views of the shimmering sea． However， some of the route is closed at present （ most famously the Via del' A more at Riomaggiore，
reopening in 2019）duo to landslides， and in autumn there are often closures as
wet weather damages paths． On some sections there's a charge if 5 -7 lo use the path--the money helps with repair bills．
Finnish Lapland
A cycling trip in Finland， north of the Arctic Circle， in September is incredibly colourful． Autumn is one of the eight seasons for the indigenous Sami people： time to round up their free-roaming reindeer． The Finnish word for autumn colour is ruska： it's the time when silver birches turn gold， the forest floor becomes thick with jewel-coloured blueberries and lingonberries， and mountain ash
is heavy with scarlet berries． All this is set against a backdrop of evergreen firs， the taiga stretching from Norway to Siberia， and the silver of Finland's 180，000 lakes， soon to turn white with ice and snow． The midnight sky joins in too， illuminated with the greens and reds of the northern lights．
Dolgoch ‘ rainforest ' ， north Wales
Snowdonia national park provides some of the richest， and most unspoilt autumnal views in the world． The Talyllyn Railway spoils visitors not just with a seven-mile journey from the Tywyn seafront up the beautiful Fathew valley towards the peak of Cader Idris oil steam trains， but also gives direct access to the autumnal majesty of the Dolgoch Falls and Nant Gwernol woodland． Alighting at
Dolgoch station and following the waymarked trails， visitors are soon amid the valley's temperate rainforest habitat， sometimes referred to as the Celtic Rainforesl， surrounded by ancient trees and carpets of moss and ferns． This
habitat is full of life and， in autumn， the landscape glows in lush greens and golden browns．
Kamikochi national park， Honshu
In central Honshu， three hours' drive north-east of Nagoya， is one of the
most beguiling places in the Japanese Alps （also called the Hida mountains）． The mountain slopes are covered with forests of larch and beech that blaze scarlet and orange in the autumn． Wisps of smoke hang in the still air above Yakedake volcano，and the glass surface of Taisho Pond perfectly reflects the trees and snow-dusted mountains． There are well-signposted walking trails， and the climb offers spectacular views across the valleys． We stayed in the Konashidaira log cabins
（ cabin for four people from £ 60 a night， on Facebook） in woods close to the river Azusa， and which we shared with families of macaques that swung from tree to tree above us． You can bathe at the public hot spring baths in the nearby hotels．
（1）If you'd like to go to a place that has not been changed or built on， the
best choice is ．
A． Cinque Terre， Italy
B． Finnish Lapland
C． Dolgoch ‘ rainforest ' ， north Wales
D． Kamikochi national park， Honshu
（2）From the four advertisements above， we know that a visitor will most
probably ．
A． sense the explosion of colours freely in Cinque Terre
B． cycle to enjoy both the forest floor and mountain ash
C． feel tired because of the long journey on steam trains
D． walk on the glass surface of Taisho Pond elegantly
18．(★★★)The first of two new museums dedicated to Yves Saint Laurent has been opened in Paris， offering a glimpse into the world of the shy， mysterious man who revolutionised women's fashion．
The Paris mansion where Saint Laurent shook up dress codes for more than three decades has been turned into an exhibition space for his haute couture
creations． A larger museum， also paid for by the foundation set up by his late lover and business partner Pierre Berge to safeguard Saint Laurent's legacy， opens next month in Marrakesh．
The Moroccan city was one of the couple's favourite places， where Saint
Laurent would often sketch out his collections．
"Coco Chanel liberated women， but Yves Saint Laurent gave them power，"
Berg6once said． He did this by appropriating the symbols of the traditional male wardrobe-dinner jackets， safari suits and jumpsuits-and remarking them for women． "I had noticed men were much more confident in their clothes，" said Saint
Laurent， who died in 2008， in a rare interview． " So I sought through trouser suits， trench coats， tuxedos and pea coats lo give women the same confidence． " His black tuxedo for women， known as le smoking-often worn over bare flesh-caused a scandal in 1966， with the New York socialite Nan Kempner dropping her trousers when she was told by a Manhattan restaurant that women would not be admitted in such attire．
Saint Laurent would later design a jacket as a thigh-skimming mini dress just
as Kempner， one of his best customers， had worn it．
The heart of the Paris museum is Saint Laurent's studio， the inner sanctum where he would work night and day in the run-up to his shows． It remains just as
he left it in 2002， his desk festooned with photos of his inner circle of glamorous female friends， including Catherine Deneuve， Bianca Jagger and Paloma Picasso． But pride of place goes to a New Year's card he made from a painting by
his friend Andy Warhol of his French bulldog Moujik．
One wall of the room is completely mirrored， which allowed Saint Laurent to work directly on his live models so he could see his creations from all angles as they progressed．
The museum offers insight into Saint Laurent's creative process， showing how
he developed his clothes from basic sketches into complex designs that， in the
case of some of his haute couture creations， could take thousands of hours to make． "Unlike many other designers， Saint Laurent began systematically archiving his work in the early 1960s-encouraged by Berge-and so we can follow the evolution of each item，" said a spokesman for the museum， which holds 5 ，000 prototypes for
his creations．
Other rooms in the museum are given over to Saint Laurent's inspiration and the "imaginary voyages" his collections often look to Asia， Africa and most famously Russia． But other than his sojourns in Morocco-which reminded him of Algeria，where he was born in 1936 when it was a French colony-the designer was not much of
a travellor．
With Berg6he built up a considerable art collection and he borrowed liberally from artists such as Pablo Picasso， Henri Matisse and Vincent van Gogh， most famously with his Mondrian dress， which became an instant pop icon when it hit the catwalk in 1965．
Berge always believed that Saint Laurent， who began his career by stepping
into the shoes of Christian Dior when he was 21， was nothing less than an exceptional artist， calling him " the greatest designer of the second half of the 20th century"．
Having "spent all my life helping Yves Saint Laurent build his work， which I want to last"， Berge died this month before he could see the museums opened． The American landscape artist Madison Cox， whom Berge married this summer，told AFP
that "10days before he died he told me that ‘I am going to die totally at peace'，and I think that was true． He was a very determined man and he had put everything
in place．"
Cox said the museum were also a tribute to Berge's work supporting and
protecting the fragile Saint Laurent， who had drink and drug addictions．
"Of course I and the whole team are profoundly sad that he will not be here，"said Cox， who now heads the charitable foundation．" But he would have wanted
that we go on． "
（1）The main contribution that Yves Saint Laurent made was that ．
A． He established a new trend toward women's fashion
B． he made major changes to women's clothing styles
C． he made women more powerful by remaking female； symbols
D． women wearing the clothes he tailored became more confident
（2）Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage？
A． Some of his works were so unconventional as caused controversy．
B． His creations were watched from all angles with a mirror in the room．
C． Some haute couture creations took a lol more time to be developed．
D． He valued a New Year's card more than photos festooning his desk．
（3）In what aspect did Pierre Berge help Yves Saint Laurent？
A． Saint was advised to travel to foreign countries to seek inspiration．
B． Berge firmly believed that Saint could become an outstanding designer．
C． Saint was encouraged to build up a large collection of 5，000prototypes．
D． Berge worked to protect Saint from being drunk and addicted to drugs．
19．(★★★)Neuroscientists have explained the risky， aggressive or just plain confusing behavior of teenagers as the product of a brain that is somehow compromised． Groundbreaking research in the past 10 years， however， shows that this view is wrong． The teen brain is not defective（有缺陷的）． It is not a half-baked adult brain， either． It has been forged by evolution lo function
differently from that of a child or an adult．
Foremost among the teen brain's features is its ability to change in response
to the environment by modifying the communication networks that connect brain regions． It allows teenagers to make enormous in thinking and socialization． But the change also makes them sensitive to dangerous behavior and serious mental disorders．
The most recent studies indicate that the riskiest behavior arises from a mismatch between the maturation of networks in the limbic system（边缘系统）， which drives emotions and intensifies at （青春期）， and the maturation of networks in the prefrontal cortex （前额皮质）， which occurs later and promotes sound judgment and the control of impulses． Indeed， we now know that one's prefrontal cortex continues to change prominently until his 20s． And yet puberty seems to starling earlier， extending the "mismatch years"．
The plasticity of networks linking brain regions-and not the growth of those regions， as previously thought-is key to eventually behaving like an
adult． Understanding that， and knowing that a widening gap between the development of emotional and judgment networks is happening in young people today，can help parents， teachers， counselors and teenagers themselves． People will
better see that behavior such as risk-taking， sensation-seeking， and turning away from parents and toward peers are not signs of cognitive or emotional
problems． They are a natural result of brain development， a normal part of adolescents learning how to negotiate a complex world．
The same understanding can also help adults decide when to intervene． A 15-
year-old girl's departure from her parents' tastes in clothing， music or politics may be a source of anxiety for Mom and Dad hut does not indicate mental illness． A 16-year-old boy's tendency to skateboard without a helmet or to accept risky challenges from friends is not unimportant but is more likely a sign of short-range thinking and peer pressure than a desire to hurt himself． Other exploratory and aggressive actions might be red flags， however． Knowing more about the unique
teen brain will help all of us learn how to separate， unusual behavior that is
age-appropriate from that which might indicate illness． Such awareness could help society reduce the rates of teen addiction， motor vehicle accidents and depression．
（1）How is Paragraph 1mainly developed？
A． By drawing a comparison．
B． By confirming a prediction．
C． By making an assumption．
D． By correcting a misunderstanding．
（2）What can we know about the changeability of teens' brains？
A． It is predictable and avoidable．
B． It is a double-edged sword．
C． It is related to their brain development in the childhood．
D． It results from serious functional disorders．
（3）The limbic system and the prefrontal cortex are mentioned in Paragraph 3
to ．
A． show how the mismatch between their maturation of networks happens
B． explain the relationship between early puberty and them
C． explain what leads to teens' riskiest behavior
D． show the differences between them
（4）What are the last two paragraphs mainly about？
A． The important role of adults in teenagers， development．
B． Long-term prospects for the research of teenagers' brains．
C． Possible cognitive and emotional problems of teenagers．
D． The significance of the new discovery．
20．(★★★★★)" I take words from anywhere，" says Amineh Abou Kerech，moments after winning the 2017 Betjeman poetry prize for 10 - to - 13-year-olds last week． "I take them from songs and films， from what I see on the computer or the television． And I put them all together．"
She makes it sound so simple． It's anything but， according to her older
sister Ftoun， who is smiling at Amineh across a pub table in London's St Pancras station． "She sits in her bedroom all the time and practices， practises． ''
Amineh， who was born in Syria 13 years ago， nods． She started writing poems during the four years her family spent in Egypt， but since moving to England last summer， with a new language to master and a new culture to get to grips with， she has been working doubly hard on her verses．
Her prizewinning poem， Lament for Syria， was written half in English， half
in Arabic， and translated fully into English with help from her sister， her teacher and Google Translate． At the prizegiving， which took place on National Poetry Day last Thursday， next to the statue of John Betjeman at St Pancras， she read the first part of it in English before Switching to Arabic at the words " I am from Syria． "
Amineh was eight when they left． The civil war had begun a year earlier， in 2011， sparked by the Arab spring and kindled by disaffection towards the Assad regime． Her family lived in Darayya， a Damascus suburb known as a centre of anti-government protest． When violence flaredup， Amineh's parents Tammam and Basmeh fled the city with their young family． They moved around for a year， sleeping wherever they could find shelter， until remaining in Syria was no longer viable and they escaped to Egypt．
"In Syria， all the time we were scared，" says Amineh． When they settled in Cairo， despite the fact that her family had lost everything （ her father had owned a shop in Damascus selling fabric） and were living in the most basic conditions， Amineh's fear reduced． She began writing poetry， she says， as a way of putting her dislocation into words． " When I remember my Syria I feel so sad and I cry and start writing about her． '' She tells me she doesn't remember the country very well， though her poem suggests otherwise： it is， she writes， " a land where people pick up a discarded piece of bread，so that it does not get "a land where people pick up a discarded piece of bread， so that it does not get trampled on …a place where old ladies would water jasmine trees at dawn．
After four years， the family moved to England as refugees， settling in Oxford where Amineh and her two siblings-Ftoun， 14， and Mohammad， 11 - now go to school． At Oxford Spires， a multicultural academy in the east of the city where more than 30 languages are spoken， the two sisters joined a workshop led by the Iraqi poet Adnan Al-Sayegh． That's where they met Scottish author Kate Clanchy，the school's writer-in-residence since 2009， who has been nurturing Amineh and Fton's talents a weekly classes．
When I speak to Clanchy at the prizegiving， she marvels that Amineh has been speaking English for only a year． "Some of my most amazing writers lost a language at an early age，" she says， " in the sense that they arrive suddenly in England and are no longer able to tell stories and make themselves powerful in that way． It can turn them in on themselves． But I also think they have a special capacity at that age to produce really unusual rhythms and sounds in English，
which makes them into really interesting poets．"
This year's judges， the poet Rachel Rooney and Observer cartoonist Chris Riddell （until recently， children's laureate）， agree that Amineh's poem stood out from more than 2，000 entries， drawn from schools across the UK and the
Republic of Ireland． "I found it really moving，" says Rooney． "It was passionate and complex． She was asking：‘How can I do myself justice through a poem？ How can I create a homeland on paper？ 'And then she was actually doing it． Amazing．" "It addresses a contemporary issue that's been breaking all our hearts，" adds Riddell． " It has a solemnity to it， but also the profound view that you get through a child's eyes． It stands up as a poem， in any context．"
Though it's named after a most English poet， the Betjeman prize has been showcasing diverse voices since it was set up in 2006． The perspective here is global-one of Amineh's fellow finalists， 10-year-old Shanelle Furtado， evokes her grandparents' home in Mangalore in six vivid haikus-and it shows that adults are not the only ones with important and timely things Lo say．
Speaking before the winner is announced， its director （ and Betjeman's granddaughter） Imogen Lycett Green makes a case for poetry's importance in an uncertain world． " Poets are in the fringes of society， they're not in the establishment，" she says． They look at events， at lives， at love and at themselves from a sideways position． And in glancing from the side， the truth can sneak in． If adult poets are seeking the truth， I think children who are burgeoning writers are even closer to the truth． "
When her poem won， Amineh looked stunned， then buried her head in her hands and wept． A moment later， as her family gathered round to congratulate her， she was beaming．
"It's a surprise for me， like a dream，" her father tells me afterwards． He never imagined his daughter winning a prize like this： poetry doesn't run in the family． "I used to write simple things， but after the war， after the hard time that we had， we didn't think that we needed to write anything，" he says． "We survived．"
At the end of her poem， Amineh asks， "Can anyone teach me how to make a homeland？" Although the future of her birthplace remains gravely uncertain， there are consolations to be had in her new home． " I feel so happy here because I have a future and things won't be scary any more，" she tells me． "Everything will be good，" she adds， "and we will always be in peace．"
（1）According to the passage， why did the judges award the poetry prize to Amineh Abou Kerech？
A． She took words from songs and films， from anywhere．
B． The poem was so simple as to be understood by peers．
C． It was her endless practice that motivated the judges．
D． The judges considered her poem sticking out from others．
（2）What is the right order of the following things that happened？
1their family moved to England
2the Syria civil war broke out
3the prizegiving look place
4Amineh began writing poems
5Amineh left Syria for Africa
A． 3-2-5-4-1
B． 2 -5 -4 - 1 -3
C． 2-5-1 -3-4
D． 1 -2 - 5-4-3
（3）From the passage we learn that Amineh first learned to write poetry in order
to ．
A． be reminded of those scary days from time to time
B．win a prize one day to compensate for her family loss
C． recall her native country through writing poems
D． place her emotion on poetry due to a displaced life
（4）From the seventh and eighth paragraphs， we learn that ．
A． Kate Clanchy has been cultivating Amineh's talents in poetry since 2009
B． without doubt one can make an amazing poet as long as he has a special capacity C． Kate Clanchy was impressed that Amineh could learn to apply English so quickly D． over 30 languages are taught to meet the needs of refugees from different countries
（5）What can be inferred from the passage as to the Metjeman prize？
A． Children poetry are playing a more important role in contemporary society．B． Only the poems focusing on justice or one's homeland can be included．
C． Amineh's poem written solemnly and profoundly got across to children．
D． Adult poets are also seeking the truth， influenced by burgeoning writers．（6）What attitude does Amineh hold towards the future？
A． Optimistic． B． Indifferent． C． Uncertain． D． Critical．
第四部分：任务型阅读（满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中
的空格里填入最恰当的单词．注意：每空只填1个单词．
21．(★★★)Today I'd like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might he different from the way it is in your country． To be sure， the student body on a U． S． campus is a pretty diverse group of
people． First of all， although most students start college at around the age of 18， you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s． Students on a U． S． campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds． Many students work at least part-time， and some of them work full-time． Some of the students live in dormitories on campus， some have their own apartments usually with other students， unci others live at home． Some colleges and universities have students from many different racial and ethnic
minorities． Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population． So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U． S． college or university campus．
Now that you have some general ideas of differences in the student body population， I'd like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is． Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university． Actually， at very selective schools the。