高考英语不定式专项语法讲解
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*It is +adj.+for sb.(用宾格) +to do…
eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well.
例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful
（2） 作宾语 Would you like to watch TV?
She is too anxious (ready/easy/eager/glad) to
know the results. 肯定
不定式中作结果状语的注意点：
1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示 肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing…
He cannot but move to another street.
We cannot help but admire his courage.
He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.
（3） 作表语（表将来时）
②have, let, make三个使役动词后的省略
I made him stand outside. He was made to ...
这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不 定式要补充完整.
动词不定式作宾补省略to
口诀 不定式省to十一个， 五“看”二“听”一“感
觉”， 三个“使役”紧挨着， 如若主动变被动， 符号to千万别省略。
不定式的逻辑主语： of（品质） / for （性质） sb. to do
* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.
例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.
在had better, had best, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but等结构后直 接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”。
e.g.: You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion.
I`m sorry to have kept you waiting.
*动词不定式在以下情况有时态语态变化， 可跟进行式、完成式、完成被动式、完成 进行式，其它情况一般只跟to do/to be done表将来
A) sb appear, seem, happen, pretend + to do/to be doing/to have done sth
I forget to bring my homework.
I mean “I didn’t bring my homework.”
I forget opening the windows.
I mean “I have opened the windows.”
6. wish, hope, plan, be, mean + to have done / had wished….+to do表示原打 算干却没能办到
Do you have a pen to write with ?
（6） 作状语
① 目的状语
We do as much as we can to make our world beautiful.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要 一致：
To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②不定式动词在介词but, except, 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的 各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to, 否则要带to。
1) She could do nothing but cry.
2) I have no choice but to go.
3.某些及物动词：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等 可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语， 但表达的意思不同
My plan is to finish the experiment on time.
（4） 作宾补
I asked him to come to my office. 注意不定式的省略
①hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词后的省略
I heard her sing this song. She was heard to...
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
注意
*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如
To get there by car takes a whole day.
To make a plan for our future is important.
② 结果状语
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
③原因状语
We were very excited to hear the news.
④作独立成分 插入语,用来说明说话人的态度,对整个句 子进行解释.
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
一般式
主动语态
to do
被动语态
to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing *to be being done
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
一.解释
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动 作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之 后发生。
动词不定式做状语应注意：
1.In order to和so as to…意义上没 区别，但so as to…不能置于句首 2.adj/adv+enough（for sb） to… 3.too+adj/adv+to…有肯定与否定
The child is too young to dress himself. 否定
→ sth appear, seem, happen, pretend + to be done /to have been done
b) sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed…+ to do/to be doing/to have done
→ sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed…+ to be done//to have been done
c) sb be + adj. + to do sth
4. 动词不定式的复合结构：for + 名词或 代词宾格构成动词不定式的复合结构。 For 所跟名词或代词是逻辑上的主语， 动词不定式是逻辑上的谓语动词。
I don’t know what to do.
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后
置，放在宾语补足语后面， 例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。
I need a room to live in. I have got a letter to write.
(4)不定式在一些形容词后，与逻辑主语是被动 关系常用主动形式表被动意思 sth be adj. to do → It is adj. to do sth.
The book is difficult to understand. He is hard to talk to.
不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, pretend, learn, afford, need…
不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有： ready, eager, sure, glad, anxious, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing… ★此外还要注意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形 式（如：what to do, where to go ），作tell, ask, know, show等动词的宾语。
I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .
(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表 示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要 用完成式。
6. 动词不定式的否定结构是在前面加not， 如：
He decided not to go home.
I am sorry not to have helped you.
不定式的语法功能
（1） 作主语
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
一般情况下，不定式（短语） 作主语时， 通 常用形式主语“it” 代替
For us to learn foreign languages is important.
→ It is important for us to learn foreign languages.
Can you arrange for a car to take us there?
不定式的语态
（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓 关系时，不定式用主动语态。
（5）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。
I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰
的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必 要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
你有开门的钥匙吗？ key unlock the door Have you got a key to unlock the door?
（2） 不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承 受者，不定式用被动语态
He asked to be sent to work in countryside.
（3） 不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上 构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动语态。
不定式
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动 词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词 和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语 、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独 作谓语。
动词不定式的动词特征：
动词不定式可以有宾语，如： He wants to study English..
动名词可以用状语来修饰，如： The rain continued to fall heavily.
1. I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday, but was delayed by the bad weather.
2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?
---I’ d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.
eg.1: It is not difficult for us to learn English well.
例如：difficult, wonderful, meaningful, painful, useful
（2） 作宾语 Would you like to watch TV?
She is too anxious (ready/easy/eager/glad) to
know the results. 肯定
不定式中作结果状语的注意点：
1）某些形容词在“too…to…”结构中表示 肯定，这类词是： anxious, eager, glad, ready, surprised, willing…
He cannot but move to another street.
We cannot help but admire his courage.
He always prefers to ride a bicycle rather than ride on a crowded bus.
（3） 作表语（表将来时）
②have, let, make三个使役动词后的省略
I made him stand outside. He was made to ...
这两类省略的不定式一旦变成被动语态，不 定式要补充完整.
动词不定式作宾补省略to
口诀 不定式省to十一个， 五“看”二“听”一“感
觉”， 三个“使役”紧挨着， 如若主动变被动， 符号to千万别省略。
不定式的逻辑主语： of（品质） / for （性质） sb. to do
* It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
eg: It is brave of him to save the girl in the water.
例如：kind, nice, good, brave, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, honest, careless, cruel, generous etc.
在had better, had best, would rather, would rather…than, would sooner, cannot but, cannot help but等结构后直 接跟动词原形或“not+动词原形”。
e.g.: You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion.
I`m sorry to have kept you waiting.
*动词不定式在以下情况有时态语态变化， 可跟进行式、完成式、完成被动式、完成 进行式，其它情况一般只跟to do/to be done表将来
A) sb appear, seem, happen, pretend + to do/to be doing/to have done sth
I forget to bring my homework.
I mean “I didn’t bring my homework.”
I forget opening the windows.
I mean “I have opened the windows.”
6. wish, hope, plan, be, mean + to have done / had wished….+to do表示原打 算干却没能办到
Do you have a pen to write with ?
（6） 作状语
① 目的状语
We do as much as we can to make our world beautiful.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要 一致：
To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②不定式动词在介词but, except, 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的 各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to, 否则要带to。
1) She could do nothing but cry.
2) I have no choice but to go.
3.某些及物动词：forget, mean remember, regret, try, go on, 等 可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语， 但表达的意思不同
My plan is to finish the experiment on time.
（4） 作宾补
I asked him to come to my office. 注意不定式的省略
①hear, see, watch, notice等感官动词后的省略
I heard her sing this song. She was heard to...
It is a great pleasure to talk with him.
注意
*1、动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。例如
To get there by car takes a whole day.
To make a plan for our future is important.
② 结果状语
He hurried to the school to find nobody there.
③原因状语
We were very excited to hear the news.
④作独立成分 插入语,用来说明说话人的态度,对整个句 子进行解释.
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
一般式
主动语态
to do
被动语态
to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing *to be being done
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
一.解释
(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语的动 作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之 后发生。
动词不定式做状语应注意：
1.In order to和so as to…意义上没 区别，但so as to…不能置于句首 2.adj/adv+enough（for sb） to… 3.too+adj/adv+to…有肯定与否定
The child is too young to dress himself. 否定
→ sth appear, seem, happen, pretend + to be done /to have been done
b) sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed…+ to do/to be doing/to have done
→ sb be said, known, reported, believed, claimed…+ to be done//to have been done
c) sb be + adj. + to do sth
4. 动词不定式的复合结构：for + 名词或 代词宾格构成动词不定式的复合结构。 For 所跟名词或代词是逻辑上的主语， 动词不定式是逻辑上的谓语动词。
I don’t know what to do.
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语， 则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后
置，放在宾语补足语后面， 例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
能带形式宾语的动词还有 think,believe,feel,consider,make等。
I need a room to live in. I have got a letter to write.
(4)不定式在一些形容词后，与逻辑主语是被动 关系常用主动形式表被动意思 sth be adj. to do → It is adj. to do sth.
The book is difficult to understand. He is hard to talk to.
不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, pretend, learn, afford, need…
不定式作宾语的形容词常见的有： ready, eager, sure, glad, anxious, sorry, afraid, free, pleased, willing… ★此外还要注意一些特殊疑问词+不定式的形 式（如：what to do, where to go ），作tell, ask, know, show等动词的宾语。
I want to have a holiday as soon as possible .
(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表 示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。
They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要 用完成式。
6. 动词不定式的否定结构是在前面加not， 如：
He decided not to go home.
I am sorry not to have helped you.
不定式的语法功能
（1） 作主语
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
一般情况下，不定式（短语） 作主语时， 通 常用形式主语“it” 代替
For us to learn foreign languages is important.
→ It is important for us to learn foreign languages.
Can you arrange for a car to take us there?
不定式的语态
（1）不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上构成主谓 关系时，不定式用主动语态。
（5）作定语 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词 或代词后。
I have a meeting to attend. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰
的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必 要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
你有开门的钥匙吗？ key unlock the door Have you got a key to unlock the door?
（2） 不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式动作的承 受者，不定式用被动语态
He asked to be sent to work in countryside.
（3） 不定式所修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上 构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动语态。
不定式
不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由“to+动 词原形”(to do)构成,动词不定式有动词 和名词的特征。不定式可以作主语、宾语 、状语、表语和定语等成分，但不能单独 作谓语。
动词不定式的动词特征：
动词不定式可以有宾语，如： He wants to study English..
动名词可以用状语来修饰，如： The rain continued to fall heavily.
1. I had meant to go to Shanghai yesterday, but was delayed by the bad weather.
2. ---Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?
---I’ d like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.