2019年九年级中考英语专项复习课件： 专题11 构词法(共24张PPT)

转化
英语里词性转化的现象很多，常见的现象有： (1) 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. He is tall and of medium build. (2) 名词转化为动词 I booked three movie tickets on the Internet last night. He handed the glass of beer to Grandpa. (3) 形容词转化为动词 He slowed down at the crossroads. Please warm up the cold meat.
talented polluted closed -ing exciting boring surprising interesting tiring relaxing worrying disappointing -ful hopeful helpful useful meaningful harmful truthful successful wonderful painful colorful thankful beautiful (beauty) -less hopeless helpless useless meaningless harmless homeless -y rainy windy cloudy sunny (sun) dirty salty sleepy healthy noisy (noise)
专题11
构词法
词法
英语的主要构词法有三种： (1) 转化：由一个词类变为另一个词类。例如： color 颜色（名）— color 涂色（动） (2) 派生：通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词。例如： kind — unkind (加前缀)
kindness (加后缀)
(3) 合成：由两个或更多的词构成一个词。例如： dining + room — dining-room
-or actor director visitor inventor
-ist artist violinist tourist pianist (piano) scientist (science) -ian magician musician historian (history) Italian (Italy) Canadian (Canada) -an European (Europe) American Russian Asian African Indian Australian -ese Japanese Chinese (China)
neighbor — neighborhood fiend — friendship
please — pleasure fail — failure school — schoolwork
press — pressure
house — housework
派生：后缀
(2) 构成形容词的后缀
-ed excited bored surprised interested tired relaxed worried disappointed
-ing feeling reading building shopping opening crossing
-ment government agreement development achievement excitement -ness kindness illness sadness politeness shyness happiness(happy) -ence difference (different) independence (independent) silence (silent) -y difficulty discovery
转化
(4) 形容词转化为名词 I enjoyed the quiet of the country. The temperature reached a new high.
(5) 形容词转化为副词
The bird can fly high. I’ll stay here long. 还有一些其它的转化情况，这里不再列举。
派生：后缀
其它构成名词的后缀： free — freedom weigh — weight warm — warmth serve — service safe — safety true — truth
important — importance
popular— popularity create — creativity child — childhood
派生：后缀
-man policeman chairman Englishman fireman -mate schoolmate roommate classmate teammate - ion action pollution suggestion protection invention expression discussion decision (deicide) -ation examination (examine) communication (communicate) celebration (celebrate) education (educate) graduation (graduate) invitation (invite) preparation (prepare) inspiration (inspire) pronunciation (pronounce)
派生：后缀
前后缀的构词法在英语里出现得很多，现罗列初中教材中出现的一些构词法。 后缀 (1) 构成名词的后缀 -er performer reporter traveler owner writer (write) stranger (strange) manager (manage) winner (win)