高中英语人教版备课资料包必修4Unit1教案1

Unit 1 Women of Achievement
I．教学内容分析
本单元的话题是“取得成就的优秀女性”,通过介绍几位不同国度、不同时代、不同职业、不同理想与追求、不同经历的杰出女性，探讨了女性对社会、对人类的价值和贡献，展示了女性的风采和她们在社会各个领域的成就。

学习本单元有助于提高对妇女社会角色的认识，了解成功女性的奋斗经历和勇于斗争的精神，培养学生（尤其是女生）的事业心和社会责任感，建立正确的性别观和和自信心。

Warming Up部分给出六位不同国度、不同时代、不同领域的杰出女性的画片和简介，要求学生结合以前所学知识，讨论“伟人”和“重要人物”的区别，评判这六位杰出女性能否成为“伟人”，并给出自己的观点和理由。

Pre-reading部分提出了两个问题。

这两个问题要求学生思考两种不同的研究方法（即实验室研究法与野外研究法）的优势与不足。

Reading部分以“非洲野生动物研究者”为题，描写了简与她的同事们在非洲原始森林观察非洲黑猩猩的一个片段，并阐释她从事这项工作的重要性以及她所取得的成就。

Comprehending部分有四项练习，分别从不同层面引导学生进行阅读。

前三个练习通过选择题、归纳段落大意和填表格来检查学生对阅读篇章的理解程度。

练习四要求学生在深刻理解课文内容的基础上，对课文中简的行为表达自己的看法，并让学生设身处地，就是否愿意从事野生动物研究作出选择。

通过讨论四个开放性话题，坚定学生保护动物的信念。

Learning about Language部分着重于词汇和语法的训练。

本部分通过不同形式的练习，帮助学生熟悉构词法、重点词汇和短语并掌握“主谓一致”这一重要的语法项目。

Using Language部分包括了听、说、读、写四部分，旨在训练学生的综合能力。

本部分的话题仍围绕“Women of Achievement”。

阅读部分介绍了我国著名妇科疾病专家林巧稚；听力部分要求学生根据材料，列出女性通向成功道路上所面临的特有的困难；说的部分运用介绍人物品质和个性的形容词来描述杰出女性的qualities或personalities；写的部分可以说既是Speaking部分的具体落实环节，又是Speaking部分的升华。

Summing Up部分让学生从内容、词语和结构三方面对本单元知识内容进行归纳、总结、梳理，使重要知识条理化、系统化、清晰化。

Learning Tip就人物描写提出建议，即抓住人物的性格、特点、所遇困难及克服困难取得成就的过程。

II．教学重点和难点
1. 教学重点
（1）本单元的生词和短语；
（2）主谓一致；
（3）描述人物的词汇、句型。

2. 教学难点
（1）掌握描写人物的写作方法；
（2）掌握集体名词的数；
（3）掌握同词根的动词与名词的构成关系，进一步学习英语的构词法。

III．教学计划
本单元建议分六课时：
第一课时：Learning about Language (1) & Warming Up
第二、三课时：Pre-reading; Reading & Comprehending
第四课时：Reading (Using Language) & Reading task (Workbook)
第五课时：Listening (Using Language), Listening (Workbook) & Listening task (Workbook) 第六课时：Learning about Language (2)
IV．教学步骤
Period 1 Learning about Language (1) & Warming Up
Teaching Goals:
1. To develop Ss’ ability of using words and expressions and speaking.
2. To Prepare Ss’ for the new unit.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. New words and expressions
Purpose: To prepare Ss for the new lessons.
1. Ask Ss to listen to the tape of Reading and read after the tape.
2. Ask Ss to read new words aloud and try to keep them by heart.
3. Ask Ss to make sentences with the following words and expressions.
Purpose: To develop Ss’ ability of using new words and expressions.
To develop Ss’s ability of creating words.
1. Words using competition
(1) Read the following ten meanings of the new words in this unit and ask Ss to guess the new words and spell them. Ss should put up their hands as quickly as possible. The student who does
①achieve ②condition ③connection ④specialist ⑤inspire
⑥argue ⑦observe ⑧look down upon/on ⑨explain ⑩considerate
(2) Ask Ss to finish the Ex1 on P4 as quickly as possible. After they finish it, ask them to discuss in pairs and then check the answers with the class.
Suggested Answers:
1.bond
2.nest
3.institute
4.crowd in
5.childhood
6.outspoken
7.move off 8.welfare 9.project
2. Discussion
(1) Ask Ss to finish Ex2 on P4 and then check the answers.
(2) Ask Ss to observe the words and discuss the meaning of each word in Ex1.
(3) Ask Ss to remember some common suffixes of the noun, such as–tion, - ist, -or(er), -ment, -ing.
(4)Ask Ss to finish Ex3 on P4.
Suggested Answers:
Observed worthwhile argue respect
Step 3. Warming Up
Purpose: To let Ss’ know how to describe and evaluate a person correctly.
To develop Ss’ ability of speaking.
1. Leading-in
Purpose: To arou se Ss’ desire for more information about women of achievement.
Discussion:
(1) Ask Ss a question and let them discuss freely.
How many great women can you think of? Who are they?
(2) Show Ss some pictures of great women and offer Ss questions to discuss.
Do you know these people? Who are they? Why are they still famous?
(3) Ask Ss to turn to P1, look at the pictures and read the brief description under each
picture.
① A great person is one who has followed his or her ideas and sacrificed something so that they could be realized. The six women are all great because they made great contributions to the human society.
②She studies chimps and works hard to protect chimps everywhere.
(5) Ask Ss to go through the brief description under each picture again and discuss the
following question in groups of four.
What qualities do the great people have?
Suggested Answers:
intelligent, determined, generous, kind, modest, serious, unselfish, hard-working, brave, confident, considerate, honest, ambitious
Step 4. Talking
Purpose: To teach Ss how to describe a great person.
To develop Ss’ ability of speaking
2. Ask Ss to describe one of the six great women in pairs. One student asks; the other student
1. Revise new words and expressions in this unit and finish Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3 in Using Words And Expressions on P4
2.
2. Ask Ss to describe a great woman they are familiar with by making up a dialogue in pairs.
Period 2 & 3 Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending
Teaching Goals:
1. To let Ss know about some extraordinary women and learn something from them.
2. To develop Ss’ reading skills.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Homework-checking
Purpose: To prepare Ss for the lesson by reviewing what was learnt last period.
To make sure Ss have learned how to describe a great person
class.
Step 2. Leading-in
Purpose: To develop Ss’ interest in wild animals and protecting them.
To prepare Ss for learning the new text in the unit.
1. Show Ss some pictures of wild animals.
……
panda penguin tiger chimp
2. Ask the following questions and ask Ss to answer the questions as quickly as possible.
Step 3. Fast reading
Purpose: To dev elop Ss’ ability of reading.
1. Tell Ss that they are going to learn a new lesson about a student of wild life and then show a picture of Jane Goodall. Ask them to guess what the passage talks about.
(1) She is Jane Goodall.
(2) She studies chimps.
(3) She carries out her work in the forest instead of in a university.
(4) One thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other.
3. Ask students to read the text fast and finish Ex.1 and Ex.2 on P3.
Step 4. Report
Purpose: To develop Ss’ ability of using language and speaking.
Ask Ss to read the sentences in the form again and then ask some students to give a report about Jane Goodall. They may begin their report like this.
Jane Goodall li kes animals very much. She spent many years observing and recording chimps’daily activities. ……
Step5. Language points
Purpose: To let Ss master important words, phrases and grammar points.
1. Ask Ss to find these sentences in the text and then read aloud.
◆Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. (Para 1, Line5)
◆This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night
before. (Para 1, Line6)
◆Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she
is right. (Para 1, Line11)
◆However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.(Para.1, Line13)
◆Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin
her project. (Para.2, Line4)
◆For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world
understand and respect the life of these animals. (Para 3, Line1)
2. Explain the language points in the above sentences.
(1) Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. (Para 1, Line5)
V-ing形式可相当于名词在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。

如：
Doing morning exercises is good for health.做早操对健康有益。

Asking costs nothing. 多问不吃亏。

注意V-ing形式作主语时与不定式的区别：
V-ing形式作主语表示抽象或泛指的动作。

不定式作主语表示具体某一次的行为。

二者一般可互换，差异不大，但要注意下列几种情况：
①当表语是V-ing形式时，主语也要用V-ing形式；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式。

如：
Seeing is believing. (To see is to believe.) 眼见为实。

②在It’s no use /no good/ a waste of time doing sth.等句型中一般用V-ing形式，而不用不定式。

如：
It is no good keeping this secret.此事不公开没有什么好处。

It is a waste of energy arguing with her.和她争论是浪费精力。

③在It is important/ necessary/ easy… to do sth 或It is + adj. + for (of) sb + to do sth.等句型中通常只能用不定式，而不使用V-ing形式。

如：
It is important for you to learn English well.对你来说学好英语很重要。

It is very kind of you to help us.你真太好心了来帮助我们。

(2) This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. (Para 1, Line6)
①mean to do 打算做某事，意欲做某事
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我本打算去，但爸爸不允许。

Sorry, I didn’t mean to hurt you.我没想伤害你．
②mean doing表示“意味着”的意思
I mean going to park.我是说去公园（的意思）．
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。

③ a. we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.(Para.6, Line6)
b. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. (Para 2,
Line10)
在以上两句中，sleeping和hunting都是宾语补足语。

V-ing形式常在keep, find, notice, have, feel, hear, see, leave...等动词后常用V-ing形式作宾语补足语。

如：
We found the old lady lying in bed. 我们发现那老太太躺在床上。

Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她在外面雨中等待着。

注意：在感官动词：see, hear, look at, notice, observe, feel, find...等及使役动词：have, make, leave, keep, get...等后既可以用不定式也可以用V-ing形式作宾语补足语。

不定式（不带to）表示过程或动作完成，V-ing形式强调进行或当时情景。

例如：
I saw the old man crossing the street. 我看见那位老人在过马路。

（正在过马路）
We heard her sing two songs. 我们听她唱了两首歌。

（已经唱完）
(3) Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is
right. (Para 1, Line11)
在本句中，介词by表示不迟于、在……之前。

例如：
The documents need to be ready by next Friday. 文件最迟需要下周五前准备好。

(4) However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.(Para.1, Line13)
worthwhile adj.值得做的，常用于句型It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth. 或To do sth./Doing sth. is worthwhile中。

如：
a worthwhile experiment一项值得做的实验
I don’t think it is worthwhile.我认为不值得做这件事。

It is worthwhile discussing/to discuss the question.讨论一下这个问题是值得的。

注意：这个单词除了用于名词前均可写成worth while。

如：
Did you feel the meeting was worth while? 你觉得这次会议值得吗？
再如：
这是一次很有价值的访问。

[误] It was a worth while visit.
[正] It was a worthwhile visit.
那座寺庙值得一看。

[误] The temple is worthwhile visiting.
[正] It is worth while visiting the temple.
(5) Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. (Para.2, Line 4)
本句为倒装结构。

为了强调only及其所修饰的状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)，则将它们移到句首，句中的主谓作部分倒装。

再如：
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.直到那时我们才发现那个人是盲人。

Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.直到1918年战争结束后，他才得以愉快地重返工作岗位。

(6) For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world
understand and respect the life of these animals. (Para 3, Line1)
Outspoken(adj): expressing your opinions honestly and directly 直言不讳的
As a former schoolmaster, he has always been outspoken on education issues and a firm supporter of traditional learning methods.作为前任校长，他总是就教育问题坦率地发表意见，坚定地支持传统的学习方法。

Respect(vt): to be careful not to do anything against someone’s wishes, rights, etc 尊重
She said she wanted to leave, and her father respected her wishes. 她说她要离开，她的父亲
尊重她的愿望。

Step 7. Consolidation
Ask Ss to choose the best answers to the following questions.
1. ---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I ______ the living room all day.
A. painted
B. had painted
C. have been painting
D. have painted
2. Your suit won’t be ready ______ Friday. You can collect it next Monday.
A. on
B. by
C. till
D. for
3. Only then ______ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized
B. she had realized
C. had she realized
D. did she realize
4.______ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only
B. Just
C. Still
D. Yet
5. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour.
A.has been working
B.will have worked
C.will have been working
D.had worked
6. If you think that treating a woman well means always ______ her permission for things, think again.
A. gets
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
7. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pockey of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
8. The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
Suggested Answers: (1)～(8) C B D A A D D A
Step 8. Homework
1. Ask Ss to revise all the language points.
2. Ask Ss to go to the library to read or get online to seek more information on wildlife protection.
Period 4 Reading (Using Language) & Reading task (Workbook)
Teaching Goals:
1.To let Ss read and enjoy the passage A GOOD EXAMPLE FOR ME.
2. To develop Ss’ ability of reading, speaking and writing.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Homework-checking
Purpose: to make sure Ss have mastered all the language points
Revise the language points by translating the following sentences. First ask one student to translate, and then check the answer with the class. Finally, repeat it together.
1. The boss kept the workers working the whole night.
2. It’ worthwhile to do/doing the experiment.
3. It’s no use talking with him again.He won’t listen to you
4. Only when you master the spirit of a language,can you use it freely.
5. Smoking means buying death with money.
Step 2. Leading-in
Show some pictures of Lin Qiaozhi and give Ss a brief introduction about Lin Qiaozhi.
Step 3. Fast Reading
Purpose: To develop Ss’ ability of collecting information quickly.
Ask Ss to read the text quickly and then decide which of the following is true and which is false.
①The writer found the information about Lin Qiaozhi by accident. ( )
②Lin Qiaozhi was famous as a great woman traveller. ( )
③Lin Qiaozhi knew little about how to care for babies. ( )
④It was her success at university that had made Lin Qiaozhi famous. ( )
⑤Lin Qiaozhi made great contribution to Chinese medical cause. ( )
Suggested Answers:
①T.
② F. Lin Qiaozhi had become a specialist in women’s disease.
③ F. Lin Qiaozhi wrote a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babis by following some simple rules for keeping babies clean and healthy.
④ F. It was not her success at university that had made her famous. It was her kindness and consideration showed to all her patients.
⑤T.
Step 4. Intensive reading
Purpose: To let Ss learn more detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi.
Ask Ss to read the text aloud and discuss to find out the answers to the questions:
1. What was the small book about?
2. Why was the book intended for women living in the countryside?
3. Why was it difficult for a woman to get a medical training in the early 20th century?
4. What made Lin Qiaozhi get into medical school?
Suggested Answers:
1. The small book was about how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some simple rules for keeping babies clean and healthy.
2. Because Lin Qiaozhi thought they needed this advice when they couldn’t reach a doctor.
3. Because in the early 20th century, women’s education was always placed second to men’s.
4. It was hard wok and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.
Step 5. Language points
Purpose: To let Ss master important language points.
1. Ask Ss to go through the text again, and find out important or difficult points or sentences and then discuss the meaning of them.
2. Ask some students to present what they think is difficult or important.
◆One of them caught my eye. (Para.2, Line 4)
◆It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
(Para 2, Line 4)
◆…it was intended for women in the countryside. (Para.2 Line 8)
3. Explain some difficult points to help Ss.
(1) catch one’s eye 相当于attract/ catch one’s attention，如：
All of a sudden something red caught his eye.突然，一个红色的东西引起了他的注意。

The title of a poem in the book caught my eye.这本书里一首诗的题目吸引了我。

(2) It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. (Para 2, Line 4)
本句话中有五个V-ing形式, explaining 作后置定语，修饰book；having和caring作介词from 的宾语，keeping作介词for的宾语，the rules for keeping意为“保持……的规则”；by following 表示方式，在句中作方式状语。

(3) …it was intended for women in the countryside. (Para.2 Line 8)
be intended for sb.表示“（原）为……而准备”、“（本）打算给……”。

如：
The book was intended for you as a birthday gift, but I lost it on the way. 那本书我本打算给你作为生日礼物，可是我在路上丢了。

This dictionary is intended for the students in senior school.. 这本字典是专门供给高中学生使用的。

Step 6. Speaking
1. Ask Ss to read the main information about Lin Qiaozhi and try to make up a dialogue between the Ss. One student acts as Lin Qiaozhi. They can begin like this:
Hello, doctor. Glad to see you . May I ask you some questions?
2. Make a dialogue with a student to help Ss.
S: Hello, doctor. Glad to see you . May I ask you some question?
Lin: Sure, go ahead.
S: What have you been busy in your career?
Lin: I have been travvlling abroad to study and writing books and articles?
S: What books did you write?
Lin: It’s a small book on how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some simple rules.
S: What are the rules? Please tell me about them.
Lin: They are rules for keeping babies clean and healthy.
S: Why did you write that? Who do you think need that advice?
Lin: It is intended for women living in the countryside. Perhaps they could not reach a doctor.
S: How did you get a medical training in the early 20th century when women’s education was always placed second to men’s?
Lin: Well,I think it was my hard wok and determination as well as my good nature that got me into medical school.
S: You are great. You have became a famous specilist in women’s dise ases.
Lin:Thank you!
Step 7. Writing
Ask Ss to write a passage according to the dialugue made by themselves.
Suggested Answers:
Lin Qiaozhi lived in the early 20th century. She had been busy in her chosen career. She wrote a small book explaining how to cut the rate by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. It was her kindness nad consideration that made her famous. She devoted her whole life to her patients and became a famous specilist in women’s diseases.
Step 8. Reading task (Workbook)
Purpose: To make Ss learn about Elizabeth Fry.
To develop Ss’ abilit y of reading.
1.Ask Ss to read the passage on P45 quickly and put the following sentences into the
correct order.
( )A. She went to visit some women prisoners.
( )B. She provided the women prisoners food, clean clothes and straw for beds.
( )C. she taught the women prisoners to sew, knit.
( 1 )D. Elizabeth got married and lived a peaceful life.
( )E. She died.
( )F. She found prisoners were treated like animals.
( )G. She started a prison school.
( )H. She asked leaders of Britain to improve the conditions for prisoners.
( )I. The Quakers were given Nobel Peace Prize.
Suggested Answers: D A F B G C H E I
2. Ask Ss to discuss the prisons in the nineteenth century in Britain and then finish Ex1 and Ex2 on page 45～46. Check answers with the class.
Step 10. Homework
1. Ask Ss to revise all the language points.
2. Ask Ss to write a passage according to the information given below.
请根据下文汉语提示，写一篇词数100左右的人物介绍，简单介绍一下英国著名作家夏洛蒂. 勃朗特。

提示：
夏洛蒂. 勃朗特(Charlotte Bronte) (1816～1855), 英国女小说家。

出生在英格兰北部的一个贫穷家庭。

6岁丧母，童年生活很不幸。

所幸的是父亲是个学识渊博的牧师，使她受到良好文学教育。

她的最出名的一部小说《简·爱》，写于1847年，受到热烈欢迎，并得到马克思的高度赞扬，后来被改编成电影。

夏洛蒂. 勃朗特在1855年因病去世。

她的作品至今仍受到广大读者的欢迎。

Period 5 Listening (Using Language), Listening (Workbook) & Listening task (Workbook)
Teaching Goals:
1. To develop Ss’ ability of listening.
2.Let Ss learn more information about
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Homework checking
Purpose: To make sure Ss have finished the homework and mastered what has been learned.
1. Read the following sentences and ask Ss to write them down.
(1) The small book was intended for women living in the countryside.
(2) All of a sudden something red caught his eye.
(3) You are to finish your homework before watching TV.
2. Ask Ss to read the passage written by themselves and then point out and correct some errors.
3. Give Ss one possible version.
Charlotte Bronte, a famous woman novelist of Britain, was born in the north of England in 1816. Her mother died when she was only 6 years old. Because of her poor fimaly, she led a hard life when she was young. Luckily, her father was a learned minister so that she was well educated in literature. Jane Eyre, which was her most famous novel, was written in 1847. It was well received after its pulication and was highly praised by Karl Marx. Later, it was adapted to a film. Although she died of disease at an early age in 1855, her works are still popular with readers all over the world.
Step 2. Listening (Using Language)
Purpose: To deve lop Ss’ listening skills.
1. Ask Ss to go through the Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3 on P7 and try to predict what the listening text is about.
2. Ask Ss to listen to the tape carefully and try to finish Ex2 on P7 and write down what they hear as much as possible.
3. Ask Ss to exchange the information in pairs, and play the tape again for Ss to finish the exercise1 on P7.
4.Give 3 minutes to the Ss to discuss to check answers.
5. Ask Ss to listen to the tape again and try to finish Ex3 on P7.
6.Check all the answers with the class.
7. Play the tape again to make sure Ss understand the information in the text.
Step 3. Listening (Workbook)
1. Before listening to the tape, ask all the students to write down their career ambitions. Then
add the qualifications that are needed to reach that ambition.
2. Then ask the students in pairs to do Ex1 and make a list of the problems they think women
who want a career may have. These may include:
◆Not being given the same chances for a primary or secondary education as their brothers.
◆Not being given a university education.
◆Possibly having to stop work if parents need care and attention
◆Not being able to train later for a career they may like
Step 4. Listening task (Workbook)
1. Tell Ss that helping others can be a job as well as a volunteer activity. The listening text is about a woman who took helping others as her job.
2. Ask Ss to read the information in the form on P44 first, and then ask Ss to listen to the tape
and try to fill in the chart. While listening, Ss should write down as much information as possible.
3. Play the tape again sentence by sentence. Ask Ss to write down more information to fill in the form.
4. Ask Ss to exchange the information in pairs and play the tape again.
5. Check the answers and explain some difficult listening points if necessary.
6. Ask Ss to listen to the tape again and make sure they understand the information.
Step 5. Homework
1. Ask Ss to read the reading texts on P2 and P6 and write down what they have learned about wildlife protection and main information about Lin QiaoZhi.
2. Ask Ss to revise all the language points in this unit and try to remember some typical sentences.
Period 6 Learning about Language (2)
Teaching Goals:
1. To let Ss learn the grammar Subject-Verb Agreement.
2. To de velop Ss’ ability of Summing.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1. Homework-checking
1.Check if Ss have finished the homework assigned yesterday.
2.Ask some Ss to show the typical sentences they have remembered.
Step 2. Grammar
Purpose: To let Ss know the usage of Subject-Verb Agreement and use it freely.
1. Explain the usage of Subject-Verb Agreement by giving examples.
主谓一致的特殊用法归纳如下：
1．由and连接主语时，注意以下几点：
(1) 两个或者两个以上的名词由and连接作主语时；主语由both… and … 连接时，谓语动词用复数。

Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常是夏天的运动。

Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那个杂货店既卖面包，也卖黄油。

(2) and连接两个名词表示一个概念（即指同一人或同一物）做主语时，谓语用单数。

The iron and steel industry is very important to our countryt. (一个概念)
铁钢工业对我们的生活非常重要。

War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。

(War and peace是一对概念，看作一个主题)
同例：steam and bread 馒头bread and butter 奶油面包
folk and knife 刀叉needle and thread 针线
love and hate 爱与恨egg and rice 蛋炒饭
The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our school tonight. (指同一个人)
The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our school tonight. (指两个人)
A black and white dog is playing in the yard. (指一只狗)
A black and a white dog are playing in the yard. (指两只狗)
(3)由every…and every…; each … and each…; no … and no…; many a …and many a … 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词用单数。

Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me.
在此工作的每一为男士和女士都与我相处很好。

No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him.没有艰难困苦能使他气馁。

(4) What 从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数；并列缩略式常用单数。

What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me.
他说什么想什么与我无关。

What I say and do is my own affair.我的所说所为是我自己的事。

2. 就近原则：由either… or… ; neither… nor…; not only…but also…; …or…；there be …等引导的主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近动词的名词的单复数。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。

There are twenty boy students in the class.班上有20个男生。

Either you or your sister is to blame.你或者你妹妹该受责备
Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party.
There is much water in the thermos.热水瓶里有很多水。

3. 就远原则：主语＋as well as + 另一个主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于第一个主语的名词的单复数。

My mother, as well as my two brothers, has a key to the office.
我母亲，还有我的两个哥哥都有办公室的钥匙。

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.我和他都想去划船。

同例：with…; together with…; along with…; including…; in addition to…; besides …; except…; as much as…; accompanied by …; rather than…等。

4. 表示时间、距离、价值、量度的复数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。

One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.一百美元对于穷人是一大笔钱。

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.有三周的时间来做必要的准备。

Ten yuan is enough.10元钱就够了。

5. 单一的动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

To work hard is necessary 努力工作是必要的。

Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。

(主语“早睡早起”指一件事)
Reading and writing are very important.
读和写都非常重要。

(注意：指不同性质的两件事，谓语用复数)
6. many a, more than one + 单数可数名词，尽管表示复数意义，谓语仍用单数。

Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。

More than one example is necessary to help the students understand this rule clearly.
为了帮助学生很好地理解这条规则，多个例子是必要的。

Many a student has made such a mistake. 很多学生曾经犯过这样的错误。

比较：
在“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

More persons than one have been involved. 卷入其中的远不止一人。

7. 与后接名词或代词保持一致:由all of, most of, half of, a lot of, part of ，plenty of…，one four th of…，none of…，some of…，majority of…，… percent of…，the rest of…，more than… of等加名词构成的主语，谓语动词的数取决于该名词的单复数。

例：All of us are going to see the game. 我们都要去看比赛。

Two-thirds of Canada is covered with forests加拿大三分之二为森林所覆盖。

Most of his money is spent on books.他的大多数钱都用来买书了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。

The majority of the students like English.大多数学生都喜欢英语
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.
百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

8. a number of (a total of , an average of ) +复数名词，谓语动词用复数；the number of (the total of, the average of ) +复数名词，谓语动词用单数。

A total of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.上个月总共捐了10,000美元。

The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars. 上个月的捐款的总数是10,000美元。

同例：a / the variety of; a / the group of
9. 定语从句的谓语动词注意与先行词保持一致，但注意the only one of… 的用法。

One of those men likes to drive fast.这些人中有一个爱开快车。

One of those men who like to drive fast is her son.这些人中爱开快车的那个是她儿子。

He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast.他是这些人中唯一爱开快车的。

10. 由some，any，no，every 构成的复合词如：somebody, nothing, nobody, anything, everybody等代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；由each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other作主语时，谓语动词用单数；由either, neither, each, every修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

如：
Neither is satisfactory.两个都不尽人意。

Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。

11. the + adj / v-ed 表示一类人时，用复数谓语动词；表示个别人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。

The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
病人得到了医治，失踪的也找回来了。

同例：the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged
We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer.。