2019_2020学年高中英语Unit1LivingwithtechnologySectionⅠWelcometotheunit (1)

Unit 1 Living with technology
随着工业化的发展，机器人将被更加广泛地运用于生产和生活之中。

让我们通过下面的这篇短文了解一下与机器人有关的基本知识吧！
Robot Facts
What are robots? The word “robot” comes f rom the
Czech word “robota” which means “forced work or
labor”. We use the word “robot” today to mean any
man­made machine that can perform work or other actions
normally performed by humans.
What do robots do? Most robots today are used to do jobs
considered too dangerous and boring for humans.They are also used in factories to build things like cars and electronics.Some robots are even designed to explore underwater and other planets.
Why use robots? The reason we use robots is that it is cheaper, easier and sometimes the only way that we can get things done.Robots can explore volcanoes, Mars and other places that are too dangerous for humans to go.Robots can also do one thing over and over
again without getting bored.Another reason to use robots is that they never get sick and they don’t need to take a day off.
What are robots made of? Well, robots can be made from a variety of materials including metals and plastics and most robots usually have at least 3 main parts：
(1)The controller, also known as the “brain”， which is run by a computer program; (2)Mechanical(机械的) parts such as motors and wheels that make the robot move; (3)Sensors(传感器)—to tell the robot about its surroundings.These parts working together control how the robot operates.Without the controller or “brain”， motors and sensors, robots would not be able to function.
Robot limitations(局限性). Unlike those in the movies, robots are unable to think or make decisions; they are only tools to help us get things done.But who knows what robots may be able to do in the future. Maybe you will design the
“Super Robot” of tomorrow.
Section ⅠWelcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
[基础词汇]
1．evolution n．演变，发展；进化
2．drawback n. 缺点，缺陷；不利条件
3．principle n. 原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则
4．percentage n. 百分率，百分比
5．component n. 组成部分，成分，部件
6．portable adj. 便携式的，轻便的
7．digital adj. 数字信息系统的，数码的，数字式的
[拓展词汇]
8．construct vt. 制造；修筑，建造→construction n. 建造，修筑
9．accessible adj. 可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的→access n. 享用权，通道
10．distribute vt. 使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→distribution n. 分发，分配
11．eventually adv. 最后，终于→eventual adj.最终的；可能的
12．adaptation n. 适应；改编本，改写本→adapt v. 适应，改编→adaptable adj. 能适应的
13．sceptical adj. 怀疑的→sceptically adv.怀疑性地
1．keep in touch with 与……保持联系
2．contribute to 导致；有助于，对……贡献
3．in the development of ... 在……的发展过程中
4．in color 彩色的
5．benefit from 从……获益
6．wind up 上发条
7．along with 和……一起，随着；除……以外
8．keep pace with 与……齐步前进
1．not until的强调句型
John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。

2．“花多少时间做某事” 句型
It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA.
但是过了二十多年，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才开始定期在美国播出。

3．with的复合结构
Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances, with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time．
卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收看到相同的电视节目。

4．when引导的非限制性定语从句
It all began in 1877, when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention,the record player.
一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。

ⅠScan the text and judge the following sentences True (T) or False (F).
1．Modern TVs use many principles first discovered by John Logie Baird.( ) 2．Colour TV became popular within just a few years after it was invented.( ) 3．Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances.( )
4．Traditional records and cassettes do not offer as good a sound quality as CDs.( )
答案：1－4.FFTT
ⅡRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．According to the passage, what do the six subtitles show us?
A．The different stages of the development of video and sound devices.
B．The history of TV and audio devices.
C．The origin of video and sound devices.
D．Tape recorders and players.
2．How is the reading passage mainly organized?
A．It is organized in order of place.
B．It is organized in order of time.
C．It is organized in order of plot.
D．It is organized in order of the characters.
3．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．How to use TV, video and sound devices.
B．The evolution of video and sound devices.
C．The history of TV.
D．The history of sound devices.
4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？(T＝title ①＝subtitle 1 ②＝subtitle 2 ③＝subtitle 3 ④＝subtitle 4 ⑤＝subtitle 5 ⑥＝subtitle 6)
答案：1－4.ABBC
ⅢAnalyze the following difficult sentence in the text.
They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities, and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.
本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句；第一个分句 They also make TV accessible to people中make TV accessible to people是make＋宾语＋________结构；who live far away from cities是________从句，修饰先行词people；在第二个分句中，satellite dishes 是句子的________，distributed是主语的补语，throughout the countryside and remote areas是介词短语作状语。

[尝试翻译] 它们也使____________可以收看电视，在____________经常可以看到分散的卫星天线。

答案：宾补；定语；主语；远离城市的人们；农村和边远地区
The evolution①of video and sound devices②
Early history of TV
The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in ter, in 1928, the first long­distance③TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA.Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards④，first beginning on 11 May 1928
in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London⑤.
Many different people contributed to⑥ the development of TV. Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system developed by John Logie Baird⑦in the UK.However，his system was very primitive⑧ and had many drawbacks⑨.An American，Philo Farnsworth，made important breakthroughs⑩ in the development⑪of TV in the late 1920s⑫ and early 1930s.Modern TVs use many of the principles⑬first discovered by Farnsworth.
John Logie Baird constructed⑭ the first colour TV in 1928，but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast⑮.It took more than two decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA.Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed⑯ in the UK until 1967. However, within a short time nearly all TV broadcasts were made in colour, and within five years more colour TVs than black­and­white⑰TVs were being used.
①evolution[ˌiːvə'luːʃn]n.演变，发展；进化
with the evolution of 随着……的演变
②device[dI'vaIs]n.装置；设备
③long­distance 是由“形容词＋名词”构成的合成形容词，在句中通常作定语，意思是“远距离的；长途的”。

④afterwards adv.以后，后来
⑤现在分词短语 beginning on... 作伴随状语。

⑥contribute to 贡献，捐献；有助于
make contributions to 对……做贡献
⑦现在分词短语 using a system developed by ...在句中作方式状语；其中过去分词短语developed by ...作a system 的后置定语。

⑧primitive adj.原始的，远古的
⑨drawback['drɔːbæk]n.缺点，缺陷；不利条件
⑩make breakthroughs 取得突破
⑪development n．开发，研制；发展
⑫in the late 1920s 在20世纪20年代末期
⑬principle['prInsəpl]n.原理，法则；道德原则，行为准则
⑭construct[kən'strʌkt]vt.制造；修筑，建造
⑮本句为强调句型，在此强调时间状语 not until 1938。

⑯delay[dI'leI]vt.&vi.(使)推迟，延迟n.延误，延迟
⑰black­and­white[ˌblækən'waIt]adj.黑白的
影像和声音设备的发展
电视的早期历史
无线电视传输节目于1925年在美国首次公开播出。

随后在1928年，英美两国之间第一次实现了远距离电视播送。

之后不久便开始定期向公众播放，在纽约的首次开播时间是1928年5月11日，在伦敦的首次开播时间是1929年8月20日。

很多不同的人对电视的发展做出了贡献。

早期电视大多使用由英国人约翰·洛吉·贝尔德开发的系统。

然而，他的系统非常原始，有许多缺点。

20世纪20年代末和30年代初，美国人斐洛·法恩斯沃斯在电视的研发上取得了重大突破。

现代电视机使用了许多由法恩斯沃斯首先发现的原理。

约翰·洛吉·贝尔德于1928年制造出第一台彩色电视机，但直到1938年第一个彩色电视节目才播出。

但是过了二十多年，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才开始定期在美国播出。

彩色电视节目有规律的播放在英国推迟到1967年。

然而，在短时间内，几乎所有的电视节目都被制作成了彩色的，不到五年，彩色电视机的使用率就超过了黑白电视机。

The modern age：satellite TV
Satellites were used to broadcast⑱ TV beginning in 1962. Satellites allow TV to be broadcast⑲ live over vast distances, with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time⑳.They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities ，and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote ar­
eas. Of course, only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes. However，most people still benefit from satellite TV，as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get
from satellite receivers to the population living nearby .
Early history of sound recorders
It all began in 1877, when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention , the record player✍. Early record players used round tubes to record on.However, in 1887 Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA✌, invented a record player that used discs as alternatives to tubes, and so the modern record player was born.The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long☜.Times surely have changed！
⑱be used to do sth.被用来做某事
⑲to be broadcast 是动词不定式的被动语态形式。

⑳at the same time 同时
with 复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。

accessible[ək'sesəbl]adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的。

后常搭配介词 to。

who 引导定语从句，修饰 people。

satellite dish n．卫星电视碟形天线
distribute[dI'strIbjuːt]vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销
percentage[pə'sentIdʒ]n.百分率，百分比
a large/small percentage of 大部分/小部分……
benefit from 从……中受益
receiver[rI'siːvə(r)]n.无线电接收机；听筒，受话器；接受者
as 引导原因状语从句；在此从句中，they get from satellite receivers 是定语从句，修饰signals; living nearby 是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the population。

when Thomas Edison made...是非限制性定语从句，修饰1877。

✍the record player 作invention 的同位语。

tube[tjuːb]n.管子；管状物；伦敦地铁
✌现在分词短语living in the USA作后置定语，修饰a German。

disc[dIsk]n.唱片；(计算机)磁盘
wind[waInd]vt.&vi.上发条；缠绕；蜿蜒；曲折
wind up 上发条
by hand 手工
☜that引导定语从句，修饰records。

当代：卫星电视
卫星用于播送电视节目始于1962年。

卫星让远距离直播电视节目成为可能，大家在同一时间可以收看到相同的电视节目。

它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到分散的卫星天线。

当然，拥有卫星天线的人很少，占有很小的百分比。

然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地的电视公司把从卫星接收器收到的信号传送给附近的居民。

录音机的早期历史
一切始于1877年，这一年托马斯·爱迪生用他发明的留声机第一次录制了人的声音。

早期的录音机是使用圆管记录声音的。

然而，在1887年，一位侨居美国的德国人埃米尔·贝利纳发明了使用唱片来代替圆管的留声机，这样现代录音机就诞生了。

第一批留声机必须用手摇，而且只能播放两分钟的录音。

时代确实已经改变！
Sound and video recorders
In 1928，the first tape recorders used to copy sound☞ were made in Germany.Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on, which made them heavy and difficult to use☝, or paper tape，which was easier to use☟ but often broke. It was not until the early 1950s that✋ most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today☺ .Meanwhile , electrical components☹eventually became so small that☠, by the late 1960s, portable cassette players were developed, along with✈ video recorders which were used by TV stations .By the late 1970s, video recorders small and cheap enough for home use were introduced.
☞过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the first tape recorders。

☝which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰steel tape。

☟which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 paper tape。

✋It was not until...that ...是强调句式，强调时间状语 not until the early 1950s。

☺as they do today 是 as引导的方式状语从句。

meanwhile 与此同时(＝in the meanwhile/meantime)
☹component[kəm'pəʊnənt]n.组成部分，成分，部件
eventually[I'ventʃʊəlI]adv.最后，终于
☠so... that... 句式，其中that引导结果状语从句。

portable['pɔːtəbl]adj.便携式的，轻便的
cassette[kə'set]n.盒式磁带，卡式磁带
✈along with 连同……一起，随同……一起
which 引导定语从句，修饰 video recorders。

enough 用作副词，修饰形容词或副词时要后置。

录音机和录像机
1928年，第一批磁带录音机在德国制造出来。

大多数早期的录音机用钢质磁带或者纸质磁带录音。

钢质磁带很沉，使用起来困难；纸质磁带用起来虽方便，但常常破损。

直到20世纪50年代初，大多数磁带录音机才开始使用塑料磁带，就跟现在一样。

与此同时，电子元件在最后变得如此之小以至于到了20世纪60年代晚期，可以携带的录音机被研制出来，电视台使用的录像机也随之出现。

到了20世纪70年代末，足够小巧而价廉的家用录像机被采用。

Sound and video go digital❆
In 1982 ，the first CDs were made available✞.CDs are often used for storing and playing music because they have a much better sound quality than traditional records and cassettes.In 1993, the VCD✞was born，and in 1995, the DVD was invented.The DVD is now the standard for recording and playing back video.
The future
With the development of✠digital technology, sound and video can now be stored on a PC，on the Internet，or using some form of portable storage✡.This will soon make records, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past.Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with☪.Who can foresee☯ what the future will bring?
❆digital['dIdʒItl]adj.数字信息系统的，数字式的
✞available adj.可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的。

在此句中作主语补足语。

✞VCD n. 影碟 (video compact disc的缩写)
the standard for ……的标准
✠with the development of 随着……的发展
✡storage['stɔːrIdʒ]n.存储，储藏(空间)
☪keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
than 引导定语从句，且在从句中作宾语。

在带有比较级的句子中，than可以作关系代词，引导定语从句，兼有连词和代词的性质。

than在定语从句中也可以充当主语、宾语、表语。

☯foresee[fɔː'siː]vt.预料，预见，预知
声音和视频数字化
1982年，最早的CD光盘出现了。

它们经常用来存储和播放音乐，因为其音质远远胜过任何传统的唱片和卡式磁带。

1993年VCD诞生，1995年DVD问世。

目前，DVD是标准的视频录制和回放设备。

未来展望
随着数字技术的发展，声音和视频现在可以储存在个人电脑上、互联网上，或使用某种形式的便携式储存设备储存。

这将很快使唱片、卡带录音机、CD、DVD，甚至电视成为过去。

技术变革快得使大多数人难以跟上。

谁能预见未来会带来什么呢？
A卷 [学生用书P85(单独成册)]
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
Max Mathews has been called the father of computer music.He created electronic tools so that people could use computers as musical instruments.He had a great influence on the development of electronic music and how it is written, recorded and played.
In 1957，Mathews wrote the first computer program that enabled a computer to create sound.At that time, he was working as an engineer at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey.His computer program enabled a large IBM computer to play a 17 seconds piece of music that he had written.The computer was so slow that it would have taken an hour to play the piece of music in 17 seconds.For that reason, Mathews moved the work to a tape player, which could be sped up to play the music at a normal speed.He later said that the sound quality of the musical notes was not great，but the technical importance of the music was huge.
Mathews continued creating other versions of the music program.He became interested in how computers could help musicians outside recording studios.The Groove program he developed was the first computer program made for live performances.
He also developed an electronic device he called the Radio Baton.The device looks like two drum sticks.It enables the user to control the speed and sound levels of orchestral music playing on a computer.The user does this by moving the two sticks on a special electronic surface.
Mathews believed modern musicians are not making full use of the power of computer music.He said a violin always sounds like a violin.But with a computer, the way a violin sounds is unlimited.He said he didn’t want computer sounds to replace live music.But he said he hoped laptop computers would one day be considered serious instruments.
【解题导语】Mathews是计算机音乐制作软件程序的创始人，这位作曲家可以通过数字合成器的指令和功能来操作计算机。

1．What do we know about Mathews’s first piece of computer music?
A．It took several minutes to play this music.
B．It was written in the middle of the 1950s.
C．It made the IBM computer work so slowly.
D．It had the same good quality as other music.
B解析：细节理解题。

从第二段首句可知，他的第一首电脑合成音乐是在20世纪50年代中期做成的，故选B。

2．Mathews made the Groove program in order to ________．
A．improve the sound quality of music
B．create a record for recording studios
C．improve the live performances
D．develop the computer music
C解析：细节理解题。

从第三段末句可知，The Groove program主要是为现场表演而制作的软件，故选C。

3．From the text we know that the Radio Baton is ________．
A．a computer program
B．a piece of computer music
C．an electronic device
D．a recording studio
C解析：细节理解题。

从第四段首句可知，the Radio Baton是一款电子设备，故选C。

4．According to the text, Mathews hoped that ________．
A．computer sounds would take the place of live music
B．modern musicians would make good use of computer music
C．computers would change the musical instruments
D．computers would be considered serious instruments
D解析：推理判断题。

从最后一段的内容尤其最后一句可知，答案选D。

B
If a city wants to hold the Olympics, it must submit a proposal to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰)，the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically, the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of the growing importance of television worldwide, the
IOC in recent years has also tak en into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the U．S.A. or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee—not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships, tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have gained amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. If the financial gains from the Games are less than expected, the city will be left with large debts.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程。

5．________will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC.
A．A city that submits a proposal
B．A majority winner in voting
C．A city that has perfect time zone
D．One that hasn’t hosted the Games
B解析：细节理解题。

第一段主要介绍了产生主办城市的规则，根据第一段第二、三句“After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated(淘汰), the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined.”可知，在所有提案提交后，国际奥委会投票。

如果没有得票最少的城市被淘汰，则投票继续，直到确定主办城市。

据此可知，得票数最多的城市由国际奥委会确定为奥运会主办城市，故B项正确。

6．If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks________．A．will not pay for the Canadian television networks
B．will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
C．can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
D．are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
D解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句“Whenever the Games take place in the U．S.A. or Canada...because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.”可知，奥运会无论在美国或者加拿大何时举办，美国电视网络都愿意为电视转播权支付特别高的费用，因为他们可以在最佳观看时间直播受欢迎的(体育)赛事，故D项正确。

7．According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?
A．The host city must be left with large debts.
B．There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games.
C．The host city may gain a lot of money.
D．It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money.
C解析：推理判断题。

根据第三段可知，主办城市能获得奥运会电视转播、企业赞助等收入，故主办城市可能会获得许多资金，故C项正确。

8．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Winner or Loser
B．Applying for Host for the Olympics
C．How to Host the Olympic Games
D．The Olympic Games
B解析：标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了申办奥运会的流程：先向国际奥委会提交提案，国际奥委会根据规则和实际情况投票选择主办城市，一旦确定主办城市，则该城市应积极准备。

故B项最适合作本文的标题。

C
“Clothes Swapping” is an activity which has become increasingly popular among American women. At a clothes swap event，the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return.
Recently about 300 women went to a clothes swap at a high school in Springfield, Virginia. It was the largest crowd ever for the area’s popular clothing－swapping group.
Daphne Steinberg was having a good day. “For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, Ann Taylor is a really good women’s designer and I will totally wear this to work. So I love that, and I love that I can equip myself for work, have a good time in doing it, and not totally bankrupt(使破产) myself.”
Sandy Van Dusen likes the idea that clothes are finding new homes instead of being thrown away. “Because it helps to keep the Earth green. There’s no point in my opinion in continuing to buy new clothes when we can reuse what are already here. Give them a new home—let somebody else love what you used to love and no longer love.”
Kim Pratt organized the clothes swap event in Springfield. She also organized a money－raising activity for the high school’s debate team. It is one of several ways that her group gives to charitable causes. Another is by donating all of the
“unswapped” clothing to shelters for victims of domestic violence.
“I started doing this four years ago, and we’ve been doing it for four years, getting bigger and bigger each time we have a swap.”
She used the social media website to help publicize the events. The website has helped her group grow from 30 members to 1，300. Ms.Pratt says most of the members respect the clothing swap rules. But she says competition for desirable fashion can be strong.
“We have to tell people sometimes not to hover(徘徊) over the new people coming in with their clothing. As they put it out, some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a free－for－all. We try to avoid that as much as possible.”
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了在Springfield的一所高中举办的“交换衣服”活动，详细介绍了活动组织人Kim Pratt组织该活动的初衷、意义和存在的问题等。

9．Women can________at a clothes swap.
A．exchange unwanted clothing for something different
B．buy whatever clothing they like
C．have a social gathering and make friends
D．make some money by giving away unwanted clothing
A解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“At a clothes swap event, the women can give away unwanted clothing an d get something different in return.”可知，在“交换衣服”活动中，女士可以给出自己不想要的衣服，得到一些不同的衣服，故A项正确。

10．We can learn from what Daphne Steinberg said that________．
A．she had been to a clothes swap for the first time
B．she experienced the largest clothes swap ever in the area
C．she got some clothes she likes at the clothes swap
D．she saved much more money than she had expected
C解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段中Daphne Steinberg所说的话“For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, Ann Taylor is a really good women’s designer and I will totally wear this to work.”可知，Daphne Steinberg在这次“交换衣服”活动中得到了她喜欢的Ann Taylor设计的衣服，并会穿着它去上班，故C项正确。

11．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．What Kim Pratt did with the unswapped clothing.
B．How Kim Pratt started the clothes swap event.
C．What Kim Pratt did to help people in need.
D．How Kim Pratt raised money to help charitable causes.
C解析：段落大意题。

通读第五段可知，该段主要介绍了Kim Pratt为帮助需要帮助的人组织的多个活动，包括“交换衣服”活动、为Springfield的一所高中的辩论队组织的筹款活动、捐赠衣服给家庭暴力受害者庇护所的活动，故C项正确。

12．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that________．
A．clothes swaps are often out of control in the end
B．inappropriate behavior at clothes swaps needs to be controlled
C．clothes swapping is becoming increasingly popular with American women D．more clothes swap events need to be organized
B解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a free－for－all. We try to avoid that as much as possible.”可推知，在“交换衣服”活动中，对一些不恰当的行为应该加以控制，故B项正确。

Ⅱ七选五
Having a learni ng disability doesn’t mean you can’t learn. Learning disabilities happen because of the way a person’s brain takes in and processes information. 1.________The trick will be figuring out how you learn best.
Learning disabilities aren’t contagious(接触传染的)，but they can be genetic. That means they can be passed down in families through the genes, like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents. Someone with a learning disability probably has other family members who have some learning troubles, too. Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school.2.________
Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works.
It’s very hard for a kid to know if he has a learning disability. But kids don’t have to figure all this out on their own. 3.________Start with his teacher and his mom or dad.
Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting.4.________But the truth is that learning disabilities are pretty common. And if your learning specialist or psychologist has figured out which one you’re facing, you’re on the right track. Now, you can start getting the help you need to do better in school.
To make this special help really work, you’ll need to practise the new skills you’re learning. It may take a lot of efforts every day. 5.________ Soon, you’
ll enjoy the results of all your hard work: More fun and success at school!
A．But you’ll need some help and you’ll need to work extra hard.
B．What a kid needs to do is to ask someone.
C．There are people who know how to do just that.
D．You might feel different from everyone else.
E．But kids today have an advantage over their parents.
F．As a result, some people learn differently.
G．That can be a challenge, but you can do it.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学习障碍的形成原因，会被遗传的性质以及如何克服学习障碍。

1．F解析：根据空前一句“Learning disabilities happen because of the way a person’s brain takes in and processes information.”可知，大脑领会和加工信息的方式不同导致了学习障碍的形成；据此可以判断，空处介绍学习障碍形成后的结果：一些人使用不同的方式学习。

2．E解析：根据空前一句“Kids with learning problems are sometimes su rprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school.”可知，有学习障碍的孩子会发现他们的父母中会有一位在上学时有学习障碍；结合下文中的“Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works.”可知，现在学习专家已经对大脑和学习的工作原理知道得更多；据此可以判断，空处与上文形成转折，说明现在的孩子会比他们的父母更有优势，故E项符合语境。

3．B解析：根据空后一句“Start with his teacher and his mom or dad.”可知，孩子可以从老师和父母那里得知自己是否有学习障碍；据此可知，孩子不需要自己去弄明白自己是否有学习障碍，但他所需要做的是问一下老师和父母，故B项符合语境。

4．D解析：根据空前一句“Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting.”可知，发现自己有学习障碍是很难受的；据此可以推断，空处应该介绍发现自己有学习障碍后，你会感到自己和他人不一样，故D项符合语境。

5．G解析：根据空前一句“It may take a lot of efforts every day.”可知，这种训练每天需要付出很多努力；据此可以判断，那可能是一种挑战，但是你能做到，故G 项符合语境。

B卷 [学生用书P87(单独成册)]
Ⅰ阅读理解
Does success make us happy？Or do happy people succeed？
Both, obviously.But research suggests that while the former
isn’t guaranteed, the latter just might be.Happiness
research shows while there’s nothing wrong with getting happiness from one’s success, happiness is an important part of achieving success in the first place.
And it all starts with attitude.It seems that positivity is more important than intelligence when it comes to success.A study concluded that high IQ could explain only about 25 percent of our success in our careers.And Shawn Achor, a former Harvard University psychology professor, says the other 75 percent comes from characters such as optimism and the ability to see stress as a challenge.
So how can we stay positive in our job？According to Achor, it’s easier than what we might think.In December 2008, for example, he worked with a group of people at the firm KPMG.Achor asked those KPMG employees to do one of five things every day for three weeks—write down three things they were grateful for；write in a journal for two minutes about the most posit ive experience they’d had in the last 24 hours；send a positive note to someone they knew; meditate(沉思) at their desks for 2 minutes；or exercise for 10 minutes.At the end of the study period, those who had done even one of those five scored significantly higher on measures of engagement and optimism at work than a control group that had not taken part in the training.
It’s common sense that happier people should be better able to deal with the challenges of the workplace than those negative ones.Achor points to a study that shows happy workers are 31 percent more productive than unhappy ones and have 23 percent fewer stress­related diseases.Other research shows positive attitudes improve sales effectiveness by 37 percent.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。

究竟是成功让我们快乐，还是快乐的人更容易成功？本文告诉我们：成功未必带给我们快乐，而快乐却可以显著提高我们成功的概率。

1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Our success largely depends on a positive attitude.
B．High IQ can greatly affect our professional success.
C．Our work skills are more important than our attitude.
D．General attitude has nothing to do with our happiness.
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第二段内容可知，我们的成功，25%取决于智商，而另外75%取决于我们积极乐观的人生态度。

2．How did Shawn Achor help KPMG employees to stay positive?
A．By offering them some plans.
B．By giving them some lessons.。