PETS5考试_练习资料_WSK考试

• Understand the expressions: • …as we continue to age. • … next month’s deadline
1. Structure of Attributive Clauses
Common Noun
Ø
,
Proper Noun\ Main Clause
[Prep. + N]Ø
Conj. to + whom The student [+HUMAN]The student
to whom I sent an e-mail is my friend. I sent an e-mail [{to (him whom) } Ø ]
is my friend.
N. [-HUMAN] Prep. + which [Prep. + N]Ø
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The book [-HUMAN]
Conj. under which The book under which there is a pen is there is a pen [(under + interesting. it which) Ø ] is interesting.
whom/that/Ø I sent an e-mail to is my friend. I sent an e-mail to [him whom Ø] is my friend.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (I) [-HUMAN]
N. [-HUMAN] S: which/that S-Ø + V …
N. [-HUMAN] O: which/that/Ø S + V + O-Ø…
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The house [-HUMAN] The house Conj. which/that/Ø which/that/ Ø I bought in London
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (5)
N. [+HUMAN]
whom/that/Ø Bank:conj. {who/that} {Whom/that} {whose}
Prep.+ [N whom/that/Ø]
Conj. whom/that/Ø The student [+HUMAN]The student
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The book [-HUMAN]
Conj. which/that The book which/that is close to the lamp is close interesting. [it which/that Ø ] is to the lamp is interesting.
Conj. + {S + V + O + A + …}
Sample
1. He may give up his job he is not interested in. • He may give up his job + Ø + he is not interested in Ø. 2. The reason why he failed in his experiment was that he lacked adequate fund and aid. • The reason + why + he failed in his experiment was that he lacked adequate fund and aid.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (III) [-HUMAN]
N. [-HUMAN] Poss.: whose Poss. + N
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The book [-HUMAN]
Attributive Clauses
Ist Paragraph
•
•
•
…, as is the urge to do more and do it quicker. … the hundreds of tasks that/which each of us must master in a typical day … a resource that must be monitored closely and managed carefully
N. [+HUMAN]
O: whom/that/Ø Bank:conj. {who/that} {Whom/that} {whose}
S + V + O-Ø…
The student [+HUMAN] The student Conj. whom/that/Ø
whom/that/Ø you saw yesterday is my you saw [him whom/that Ø friend. ] yesterday is my friend.
Conj. whose + cover The book whose cover is pretty is interesting. [(its whose + cover ) Ø ] is pretty is interesting.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (IV) [-HUMAN]
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (3)
N. [+HUMAN]
Poss.: whose+N [Poss. + N]Ø … Bank:conj. {who/that} {Whom/that} {whose}
Conj. whose + N The student [+HUMAN] The student
Function of Conj. Within Attributive Clauses
Conj. (S) + {S-Ø + V + O + A + …}
Conj. (O) + {S + V + O-Ø + A + …}
Conj. (A) + {S + V + (O) + A-Ø + …}
2. Choice of Conjunctions Based on Reference & Function
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (A) [-HUMAN place]
N. [-HUMAN] S: which/that S-Ø + V …
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The house [-HUMAN]
5th Paragraph
• … the task that is in front of you
9th Paragraph
1. … by the frantic pace at which most of us exist 2. … they don’t feel the way they would like to feel.
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
The house [-HUMAN]
Conj. whose + window The house whose window is wide is Ø cozy. [(its whose + window) ] is wide is cozy.
where/in which I live is cozy. I live [(in + it which)=where Ø]
is cozy.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (E) [-HUMAN, place]
N. [-HUMAN] which/that/Ø Prep. + [NØ]
Common Noun
Ø
,
Proper Noun\ Main Clause
Conj. + {S + V + O + A + …}
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (1) [+HUMAN]
N. [+HUMAN] S: who/that Bank:conj. {who/that} {whom/that} {whose}
whose father works here [(His whose + fatheris )my Ø ] friend. works here is my friend.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (4)
N. [+HUMAN]
Prep. + whom Bank:conj. {who/that} {Whom/that} {whose}
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {w
Conj. which/that The house which/that is well decorated is cozy. [it which/that Ø ] is well decorated is cozy.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (B) [-HUMAN, place]
The student [+HUMAN]The student Conj. who/that
S-Ø + V …
who/that comes from the UK [He who/that Ø ] comes the UK is my friend. is my from friend.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (2)
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (D) [-HUMAN, place]
N. [-HUMAN] Prep. + which [Prep. + N]Ø
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
Conj. in which=where The house [-HUMAN] The house
2nd Paragraph
1. --- the first question I pose
3rd Paragraph
1. … technology that helps us develop greater efficiency.
4th Paragraph
1. … between the task at hand that we’re rushing to complete
is expensive. I bought [it which/that/ Ø Ø ] in London
is expensive.
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (C) [-HUMAN, place]
N. [-HUMAN] Poss.: whose Poss. + N
Table for Choosing Conjunctions (II) [-HUMAN]
N. [-HUMAN] O: which/that/Ø S + V + O-Ø…
Bank:conj. {which/that} {which/that} {whose} {prep.+which}
Conj. which/that/Ø The book which/that/ Ø I bought in London is interesting. I bought [it which/that/ Ø Ø ] in London is interesting. The book [-HUMAN]