通用版2019高考英语二轮复习第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO.2再研考点第二层第二讲定语从句课件

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..., which ...(which代替上文整句话,译为“这一点”)
二、攻重点难点
(一)who, whom, whose 引导定语从句的用法 1.先行词是人,关系词在定语从句中作主语时,用 who/that,关系词不可省略;关系词在定语从句中作宾语时, 用 whom/who/that,关系词可以省略。 2.先行词 those 后常用 who 引导定语从句。 3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,如果先行词指 人,用 whom 指代人且不能省略。 4.whose 引导定语从句时,作定语,且不能省略。
心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程,在这一过程中,即使是生 活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (= whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了一个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
2.“of+关系代词”引导的定语从句 在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each 等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以 用 of which/whom。 He had a lot of friends, none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble. 他有许多朋友,但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮 助。
3.why 引导定语从句 关系副词 why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于 for which。 I'm looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feeling for her. 我正期盼那一天的到来,那时我女儿可以读这本书,并且 了解我对她的感情。
像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。 Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy. 汤姆取得了很大进步,这使他父母很高兴。 “There is no such thing as a free lunch,” as the old saying goes. 正如老话所说的那样:“天下没有免费的午餐。”
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)当定语从句出现在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中时。 (6)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用 which,另
一个宜用 that。 (7)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表
语时。 (8)主句以 here, there 开头且先行词是指物的名词时。 3.which 引导定语从句
Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to “献 身,致力于”,固定搭配)
Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.
(三)as 引导定语从句的用法 关系代词 as 既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非 限制性定语从句,as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 1.as 引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式:
such+名词+as ...像……这样的,像……之类的
(1) the
same+名词+as
...和……一样的
其中关系代词 as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(四)关系副词 when, where, why 引导定语从句的用法 1.when 引导定语从句 关系副词 when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。 2.where 引导定语从句 (1)在定语从句中作地点状语。 (2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如 place, home, school, village, city 等)。 (3) 先 行 词 也 可 以 是 表 示 抽 象 意 义 的 名 词 ( 如 job, life, situation, point, case, stage, activity 等)。
第二讲 定语从句
一、明备考方向
语法填空常考点
短文改错常考点
1.引导非限制性定语从句该用which而
误用其他关系词(如that);
1.关系代词who, whom,
2.关系代词who, whom, whose, which,
whose, which, that, as that的缺失;
的用法;
3.关系代词who, whom的错用;
2.关系副词where, when, why的用法;
4.先行词是人或物时,关系代词who,
which的错用;
3.“介词+关系代词”
引导的定语从句。
5.关系代词as的错用;
6.关系副词和关系代词的误用;
7.人称代词与关系代词的误用。
写作常用句式
1.As we all know .../As is known to all ... “众所周知……” 2.As sb. puts it ...“按照某人所说的……” 3.such ...as ...“像……这样的……” 4.the same ...as .../the same as ...“像……一样的” 5.one of the+复数名词+定语从句“……中的一个” 6.the only one of the+复数名词+定语从句 “……中唯一的一个” 7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which was constructed three years ago.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 Who is the man that is sitting on the rock smoking? 坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁? The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。
2.关系代词 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别: as 意为“正如,正像”,引导的非限制性定语从句既可在 主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中;而 which 意为 “这件事,这一点”,引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句 之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
(五)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法 1.介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用 whom, 指物时常用 which。另外,whose 也可以放在介词后,即“介 词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词, 可以从以下三方面入手: (1)先行词的意义; (2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配; (3)句子的意思。
(2)...such as ...凡是……的人(或事物),所有……人(或事物) 其意义相当于 everything that, all those, those that (who) 等。as 引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分,定语从句修饰先行 词 such。 Take such as you need. 你需要什么就拿什么。 You may choose such as you prefer. 你可挑选自己想要的东西。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.
我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了 好朋友。
Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have stood out among them.
《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞 台,的校内商店,放假时关闭。 点津:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的 人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。
(二)that, which 引导定语从句的用法 1.that 引导定语从句 既可指人又可指物,指人时通常可与 who, whom 互换, 指物时通常可与 which 互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语, 作宾语时可省略。 2.定语从句中用 that 不用 which 的情况: (1)当先行词是 all, any, anything, everything, nothing 等 不定代词或被它们修饰时。 (2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。 (3)当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等修 饰时。
三、练高频题点
Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练 1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a
study published in 2014 t_h_a_t_/w__h_ic_h_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 2.(2018·6 月浙江高考)Many westerners _w_h_o_/_th__a_t come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 3.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _w_h_i_c_h_ is not good for the health.
I have many friends to whom I'm going to send post cards.
我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
(1)先行词为物。
(2)which 在从句中作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。 4.定语从句中用 which 而不用 that 的情况: (1)在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词用 which 而不用 that。 (2)关系代词前面有介词时,用 which 而不用 that。 (3)先行词为 that/those 时,用 which 而不用 that。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗?
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