2018高考英语一轮复习 单元检测卷21 含答案 精品

Ⅰ.阅读理解
Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery，partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard，or touched or tasted，even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example，radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them，sense them，without a radio receiver. Similarly，we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves，nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels，radiation can kill an animal or human being outright(彻底地) by killing masses of cells in important organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important，the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit，and when they are killed outright，your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged，and when they reproduce themselves，you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine，then die of cancer five，ten，or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
语篇导读
核辐射对人类和一切生物都有影响，我们必须正视。

1．According to the passage，the danger of nuclear power lies in ________.
A．nuclear mystery B．radiation detection
C．radiation level D．nuclear radiation
解析：D细节理解题。

根据文章第二段的前面几句“…even the lowest levels can do serious damage…”可知答案为D项。

2．Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest levels ________.
A．when it kills few cells
B．if it damages few cells，and if they reproduce themselves
C．though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D．unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves
解析：B细节理解题。

由第二段倒数第三、四句可知答案选B项。

3．Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can________.
A．kill large numbers of cells to cause death immediately
B．damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
C．affect the healthy growth of our younger generation
D．lead to all of the above results
解析：D细节理解题。

由第二段第一句可知A项正确，第二段最后两句可知B项正确，第三段最后一句可知C项正确。

所以选择D项。

4．Which of the following can be mostly possibly inferred from the passage?
A．The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized(过分强调)．
B．The mystery about radiation has been solved.
C．Cancer can't be caused by radiation.
D．Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.
解析：A推理判断题。

通读全文可知，辐射的神秘还未被揭开，所以B项错误；由第二段倒数第二至四句可知，辐射能导致癌症；D项不合常理。

所以选A项。

If asked if space exploration should continue，most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American，uneducated on the subject，might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value. Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?
One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually，the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASN) missions，and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft，the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.
Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides. The artificial(人造的) heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation(隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is
based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.
There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food，building materials，medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration，the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact，the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.
语篇导读
本文是一篇议论文。

很多美国人对政府投入巨资用于太空研究存在质疑，那么这是否值得呢？本文作者就此问题指出了将钱投入太空研究的诸多好处，如经济航班的使用，还有太空研究所提供的许多技术，以及带来的经济利益等。

5．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?
A．By offering analyses. B．By making comparisons.
C．By giving some examples. D．By presenting research findings.
解析：A推理判断题。

通读第二段内容可知，该段主要分析了钱花在了科研人员和机构方面的事实；由此可知，第二段采取的主要写作手法是分析说明。

A项意为“通过提供分析”；B项意为“通过作比较”；C项意为“通过举例子”；D项意为“通过展示研究结果”，故选A项。

6．The function of Jaws of Life is to ________.
A．save people from traffic accidents.
B．do experiments on the space shuttle
C．keep houses warm and energy efficient
D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets.
解析：A细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句可知，救生颚的作用是用来拯救出车祸的人，故选A项。

7．In the author's opinion，space exploration ________.
A．has changed our life completely B．costs too much of our time
C．benefits us in many ways D．has nothing to do with us
解析：C推理判断题。

根据第三段第一句及文章最后一段叙述可知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处，故选C项。

8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Benefits of space exploration
B．Is space exploration worth the cost?
C．How to make space exploration affordable
D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program
解析：B标题归纳题。

纵观全文并结合第一段最后一句以及文章最后的回答“As a matter of fact，the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.”可知，本文主要是在讨论用于太空探索的钱花得值不值这一问题。

故B项概括了文章主旨，适合作标题，故选B项。

Ⅱ.语法填空
Everything seemed to go 1.wrong for Jane yesterday. In the morning，when she woke up，it was 7：20. That was half an hour ter(late) than usual. She got up and thought that she could still get to her company on time if she dressed and ate quickly. After dressing 3.herself/up，she went to the kitchen to have a quick breakfast. 4.Hurriedly(hurry)，she dropped a glass of milk on the floor，so she had to clean it. Then she got her handbag and hurried out. When she ran to the bus stop，she found the bus had just left,5.so/and she had to wait another 15 minutes. Finally，she got to her office，but it was 20 minutes late. 6.Seated(seat) behind her desk，she got ready to work. But to her 7.disappointment(disappoint)，she found that she had brought a wrong report，so she had to spend the whole day 8.rewriting(rewrite) it. At the end of the day，she got back home，but her keys 9.had_been_left(leave) in her office. She just wanted to cry. Then she looked at herself. She began to laugh 10.instead. She had put two different kinds of shoes on her feet!
1．考查固定搭配。

句意：昨天所有事对简来说似乎都很糟糕。

go wrong出错，不如意。

2．考查比较等级。

由than判断用late的比较级。

3．考查固定搭配。

dress up/herself穿衣服，打扮。

4．考查词性转换。

副词修饰后面一连串的动作。

hurriedly匆忙地。

5．考查连词。

因此/所以她不得不等下一趟。

6．考查非谓语动词。

seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。

这里seat 与she构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用其过去分词作状语。

7．考查固定搭配。

to one's disappointment令某人失望的是。

8．考查固定句式。

spend time/money doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事。

9．考查时态。

丢钥匙这件事发生在过去的过去。

leave是非延续动词。

10．考查句意理解。

根据“she wanted to cry”以及最后一句“她穿反鞋子”判断，此处的情绪和刚才不一样。

Ⅲ.短文改错
I am very happy that you are interested in the protection of antelopes in China，so I'd like to tell
you
everything
something about it.
In the past，some people
kill
killed antelopes for their free fur which can be made into many
beautiful things that are very expensive. As the
a result，the number of antelopes was decreasing day
by day. Now things
are
have/
begun
beginning to change. The government and the local people take powerful
measures to protect antelopes so that they will not die ∧
out in the future. They
had
have taken many
effective measures，such as making strict laws
to
on/
protecting
protect antelopes，setting up several reserves
for the antelopes，and so on. Of course，it's
strong
strongly prohibited to buy or sell anything made of
antelopes antelope/antelopes'fur.
Nowadays，to our joy，there are much/much
many more and more antelopes in China. What's more，
their living conditions have greatly improved.
1．考查代词。

告诉你“一些”事情。

2．考查时态。

根据“In the past”可确定句子时态为一般过去时。

3．考查固定搭配。

as a result结果是。

4．考查句式结构。

“be＋过去分词”构成的是被动语态，而该句不需要用被动，故改成现在完成时；或者根据now可以将句子改为现在进行时。

5．考查固定搭配。

die out灭绝。

6．考查时态。

前一句说到：政府采取措施保护羚羊，时态是一般现在时，则下一句就不会用到过去完成时。

7．考查句式结构。

make laws on (doing) sth.在某方面制定法律；或者make laws to do sth.制定法律来做某事。

8．考查副词。

副词修饰动词。

9．考查名词。

antelope修饰名词时需要用单数形式；也可用antelopes的名词所有格形式修饰fur。

10．考查形容词。

antelopes是可数名词复数。

故将much改成many或删去much。

more and more越来越多。