2021医学考研复试：老年病1[SC长难句翻译文]

SCI长难句
老年病学第一章-姑息医学
Cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly and the palliation of both disease-and treatment-related symptoms is of importance in the practice of cancer medicine in all patients.Many older patients are treated within community hospitals,in which anticancer therapies are less likely to be given and in which the palliation of symptoms should be of primary importance.Many oncologists struggle with the palliation of symptoms in patients who are near the end of life.This is despite the considerable energies that are spent in palliating symptoms in patients who are receiving anticancer therapies at all disease stages.
癌症主要是老年人的疾病，缓解与疾病和治疗相关的症状对所有患者的癌症医疗实践都非常重要。

许多老年患者在社区医院接受治疗，那里进行抗癌治疗的可能性很小，减轻症状应是最重要的。

许多肿瘤学家都在为缓解晚期病人的症状而努力。

尽管在所有疾病阶段接受抗癌治疗的患者在减轻症状方面都花费了相当大的精力。

知识点总结：
①palliation n.减轻
②oncologist n.肿瘤学家
SCI长难句
老年病学第二章-老年综合征
Frailty is a new and emerging syndrome in the field of geriatrics.The study of frailty may provide an explanation for the downward spiral of many elderly patients after an acute illness and hospitalization.The fact that frailty is not present in all elderly persons suggests that it is associated with aging but not an inevitable process of aging and may be prevented or treated.The purpose of this article is to review what is known about frailty,including the definition,epidemiology,and pathophysiology,and to examine potential areas of future research.
衰弱是老年医学领域中新出现的一种综合征。

衰弱的研究可能为许多老年患者在急性疾病和住院治疗后健康每况愈下提供一个解释。

事实上，并非所有的老年人都存在衰弱，这说明衰弱与衰老有关，但并不是不可避免的衰老过程，可以预防或治疗。

这篇文章的目的是对虚弱的已有知识进行综述，包括定义，流行病学和病理生理学，并分析未来研究的潜在领域。

知识点总结：
①frailty n.衰弱，虚弱
②geriatrics n.老年病学，老年病人
③inevitable adj.必要的，不可避免的
④pathophysiology n.病理生理学
SCI长难句
老年病学第三章-阿尔兹海默症
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.Research advances have enabled detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the hallmarks of the disease,plaques,composed of amyloid beta(Abeta),and tangles,composed of hyperphosphorylated tau.However,as our knowledge increases so does our appreciation for the pathogenic complexity of the disorder.Familial Alzheimer's disease is a very rare autosomal dominant disease with early onset,caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein and presenilin genes,both linked to Abeta metabolism.By contrast with familial disease,sporadic Alzheimer's disease is very common with more than15million people affected worldwide.
阿尔茨海默病是导致痴呆症的最常见原因。

研究的进展使我们能够更详细地了解该疾病标志的分子机制，即由-淀粉样蛋白(Abeta)组成的斑块和由过度磷酸化的tau蛋白组成的缠结。

然而，随着我们知识的增长，我们对这种疾病致病复杂性的认识也在增长。

家族性阿尔茨海默病是一种非常罕见的常染色体显性遗传疾病，发病早，由淀粉样前体蛋白和早老素基因突变引起，均与Abeta代谢相关。

与家族性疾病相比，散发性阿尔茨海默病非常常见，全世界有超过1500万人患病。

知识点总结：
1dementia n.痴呆
2pathogenesis n.发病机理
3hallmark n.标志，特征
4plaque n.斑块
5hyperphosphorylated adj.过度磷酸化的
⑥precursor n.先驱，前导
SCI长难句
老年病学第四章-谵妄
Delirium is a common cause of disturbed behaviour in medically ill people and is often undetected and poorly managed.It is a condition at the interface of medicine and psychiatry that is all too often owned by neither.Although various terms have been used to describe it―including acute confusional state,acute brain syndrome,and acute organic reaction―delirium is the term used in the current psychiatric diagnostic classifications and the one we will use here.
谵妄是一种导致各类疾病患者行为失常的常见病因，通常未被发现和管理不善。

这是医学和精神病学交界的一种情况，通常不属于任何一方。

尽管有各种各样的术语被用来描述它——包括急性精神错乱状态、急性脑病综合症和急性器质性反应——谵妄是当前精神病学诊断分类中使用的术语，我们将在这里使用。

知识点总结：
1delirium n.精神错乱，谵妄
2interface n.界面
3psychiatric adj.精神病学的。