2010高考英语高考作文评分标准
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2010高考英语高考作文评分标准
1. 本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。
3. 词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。
6. 如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
7. 内容要点可用不同方式表达,对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
【各档次的给分范围和要求】
第五档(很好);(21-25分)
1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 覆盖所有内容要点。
3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。
5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(好):(16-20分)
1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
6. 达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(适当):(11-15分)
1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。
5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。
6. 整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档(较差):(6-10分)
1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。
3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。
5. 较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。
6. 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差):(1-5分)
1. 未完成试题规定的任务。
2. 明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4. 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。
5. 缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。
6. 信息未能传达给读者。
不得分:(0分)
未能传达给读者仟何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
2009年高考英语评分细则
第一档是极优档,30分。
标准为:书写规范;覆盖所有要点,内容充实;词汇丰富,有修辞意识。
第二档是优秀,26分至29分。
标准为:紧扣主题;覆盖所有要点,内容充实;语法结构多样,词汇丰富,显示出较强的语言运动能力;语言小错不超过4个。
第三档是良好,22 分至25分。
标准为:紧扣主题,覆盖所有要点,内容较充实,语言有少量错误,但基本不影响意思表达。
第四档是一般,18分至21分。
标准为:紧扣主题,基本覆盖所有要点,能够表达基本内容;语言错误已影响了部分意思的表达,但多数句子基本正确。
第五档是较差,13分至17分。
标准为:内容不完成,要点不全,行文不连贯,语言错误较多,多数句子基本正确。
第六档是差,6分至12分。
标准为:内容混乱或主要内容偏离主题,能够写出少数与内容相关的可读句。
第七档是极差,0分至5分。
只能写出与内容相关的词语,没有有效信息;抄写其他文章或只写出与作文无关的内容。
评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定是否达到及格线。
根据百分制计算,英语作文的及格线是18分。
高考英语作文对考生能力的要求包括:具有正确拼写单词和恰当选择词汇的能力;具有恰当和灵活使用语法规则和句式结构的能力;具有注重段落连贯,表现短文主旨的交际能力。
在高考考场上答题时,要根据平时作文习惯,留有足够的时间作文,至少要20分钟,不要一看到题目就马上动笔,做到一审题,二列提纲,三成文,四检查。
审题很重要,根据英语高考对考生考查能力的要求,要从交际角度去考虑表达,进行构思。
列提纲使得所要写的内容条理化,除注意文体的特定格式外,还要注意语言的灵活性。
除此,还要注意以下几
点: 1.开好头结好尾,卷面整洁。
若书写较乱会影响到1—5分的分数。
2.少用复杂句,多用简单句。
复杂的句子很长,结构易出错,阅卷老师看起来费力,可以用词组来代替一些从句,特别是分词短语和一些介词短语的恰当使用,可提高作文的档次。
3.写正宗英语,不要写中国式英语。
常有考生犯这样的错误,忘记了两国语言在表达方式上的不同,按中文习惯去写。
4.多用主动句,少用或不用被动句。
主动语态表达内容更生动直接。
5.文章布局严密,行文连贯。
为增强说服力和感染力,考生应该注意在句或段之间,恰当使用一些过渡性词语。
句与句之间不使用连接词,这也是考生很容易出现的错误,适当地用好连接词如and,but,then,besides,while等,这样会使人看上去脉络清晰,层次分明。
高考英语作文写作技巧
没有把握的句子不写本文来自,写书面表达时,不要遗漏要点,要有亮点。
注意把握好“四性”,即应用词汇的准确性和丰富性、语法结构的多样性和上下文的连贯性,但不要为了出彩而写自己没有把握的句子。
书面表达最好分三段,不要顶格分段。
一般答题卷共有十二行格,可写满或写十行,每行十一词左右。
因为试卷是扫描之后供阅卷老师在电脑上阅读,因此要整洁、爽目,忌污迹、涂擦。
面表达不要写没把握的句子,写多写少都会扣分,高考书面表达的评分原则有一条,词数少于80或多于120的,从总分中减去2分,可见写多写少都不行。
考生一定要掌握好尺度,在试卷要求的范围内写作。
书面表达写好首尾段
没有把握的句子不写写多写少都会扣分涂答题卡避免技术性失误“完成句子”找准得分点不
要轻易推翻第一选择高考书面表达的开头句一般已写好,考生要做的工作就是分段缩进重起第二段。
注意千万不要接着已写好的首句,一是不便于阅卷老师细览,二是不美观。
高考(论坛)英语作文评分共分7档。
第一档是极优档,30分。
标准为:书写规范;覆盖所有要点,内容充实;词汇丰富,有修辞意识。
第二档是优秀,26分至29分。
标准为:紧扣主题;覆盖所有要点,内容充实;语法结构多样,词汇丰富,显示出较强的语言运动能力;语言小错不超过4个。
第三档是良好,22 分至25分。
标准为:紧扣主题,覆盖所有要点,内容较充实,语言有少量错误,但基本不影响意思表达。
第四档是一般,18分至21分。
标准为:紧扣主题,基本覆盖所有要点,能够表达基本内容;语言错误已影响了部分意思的表达,但多数句子基本正确。
第五档是较差,13分至17分。
标准为:内容不完成,要点不全,行文不连贯,语言错误较多,多数句子基本正确。
第六档是差,6分至12分。
标准为:内容混乱或主要内容偏离主题,能够写出少数与内容相关的可读句。
第七档是极差,0分至5分。
只能写出与内容相关的词语,没有有效信息;抄写其他文章或只写出与作文无关的内容。
评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定是否达到及格线。
根据百分制计算,英语作文的及格线是18分。
本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
一、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档(很好);(21-25分)
1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 覆盖所有内容要点。
3. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
4. 语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。
5. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
6. 完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(好):(16-20分)
1. 完全完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4. 语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。
6. 达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(适当):(11-15分)
1. 基本完成了试题规定的任务。
2. 虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。
3. 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。
5. 应用简单的语句间的连接成分,使全文内容连贯。
6. 整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档(较差):(6-10分)
1. 未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
2. 漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。
3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4. 有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。
5. 较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。
6. 信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档(差):(1-5分)
1. 未完成试题规定的任务。
2. 明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。
3. 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限。
4. 较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。
5. 缺乏语句间的连接成分,内容不连贯。
6. 信息未能传达给读者。
不得分:(0分)
未能传达给读者仟何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清
二、评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量,确定或调整档次,最后给分。
三、词数少于80和多于120的,从总分中减去2分。
四、评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性、上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。
五、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
英、美拼写汉词汇用法均可接受。
六、如书写较差,以至影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。
七、内容要点可用不同方式表达,对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分。
及句子变换
一.开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...
3.It can be said with certainty that...
4.As the proverb says,
5.It has to be noticed that...
6.It`s generally recognized that...
7.It`s likely that ...
8.It`s hardly that...
9.It’s hardly t oo much to say that...
10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
11.There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问,无可否认
12.Nothing is more important than the fact that...
13.what’s far more important is that...
二.衔接句型
A case in point is ...
As is often the case...
As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单,所以……
But it’s a pity that...
For all that...In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold opinion that...
? However , the difficulty lies in...
Similarly, we should pay attention to...
? not(that)...but(that)...不是,而是
In view of the present station.鉴于目前形势
? As has been mentioned above...
? In this respect, we may as well (say)从这个角度上我们可以说
? However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即
三.结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...
All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...
Therefore, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...
? From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….
? The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that….
? It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论
? From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好
四.举例句型
Let’s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
let’s take the above chart as an example to
illustrate this.
Here is one more example.
2 高考英语作文常用句型
Take … for example.
The same is true of….
This offers a typical instance of….
一至七条为图表句型.
一.上升增长
1.…add up to… 增加了
eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2.to jump to / to soar to…… 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3.…an increase of about…percent as compared with…… 与…相比大约增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4.…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二.下降,减少
1.…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2.…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意:
修饰上升/减少的副词有:
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有:
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三.起伏
1.…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
2.There be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面).
四.稳定
1.…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定,几乎不变
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2.…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a w hole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意:
修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有:
almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏,稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型:
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady d uring the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五.成正比,反比
1.…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六.占百分之几,几分之几
1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2.…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3.…account for…percent 占百分之几
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七.倍数
1.A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2.A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍,一半,三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一圆盘比例型图表例:一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销,它们各自占的比例依次是
60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%,要求你描叙这个圆盘图。
描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
总结写作模式:
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .
八.原因结果
1….(结果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]
2….(结果)…, attributable to(原因)[attributable to为形容词短语]
3….(结果) lie in the fact that(原因)[ 同位语从句]
4….(结果)result from(原因) [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because (原因)…that (导致结果)… [强调结构]
6. …, as a result, …(导致结果)… [as a result做插入语]
7. (原因)be responsible for(结果)[常见句型]
8. (原因),which in turn(结果)
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九.采取措施,提出建议
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常见句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去,那么……。
到那个时候,……。
[比较好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态,more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/pai d to do …[ 被动语态,due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我们怎么怎么做),那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。
[条件句,反问句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。
[比The first thing we should do is … 句型高级的多,精彩的多,生动的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常见句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 结构,比sth. be much important好]
十.方式,比较
1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.
十一. 让步
1. now that …… 既然…… [让步从句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.
2. unless…not… [ 让步从句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑] 十二. 强调句
1. only [既是强调句,又是倒装句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不过;只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)
十三. 假设
1. Supposing……, it is likely that…. 假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态]
eg. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement.
十四. 反问
1. Wha t else can …? …………还能做什么呢?
eg. What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢?
2. How could ……? 怎能….
eg. How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books?
十五. 比较
1. A is to B what X is to Y. A对于B 就象X对于Y
eg. Food is to man what oil is to machines.
2. ……more…, less…
eg. The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get; they become more agitated, less patient.
十六. 否定
1. 双重否定
not uncommon = common 平常的,普通的
not unusual = usual 平常的,通常的
not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的
(尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点)
2. by no means 并没有;当然不
3. no longer/more 不再
eg. I am no longer that ignorant girl.
十七. 程度
1. all the more 更加
eg. That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn't it?
eg. It is all the more surprising the refore that…
2. more than 做副词, 意为"多过…", "比…以上", "比…更"
eg. I am more than happy to hear from you.
3. more than you can… 远超过你…
eg. The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受.
十八. 论相互关系
1. A have much(nothing) to do with B
2. A be closely related to B
3.A be directly bound up with B
4. a definite link between …and…
十九.直陈观点
1. more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
eg. The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.
2. beyond description 无法描述
eg. The beauty of the city is beyond description.
3. There is no point(use) in doing… …是没有任何意义的.
4. The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
5. short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
6. while ……with one hand, ……with the other. 当(我们)一方面…., 而另一方面…
eg. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
7. far from 远离,远远不,非但不
eg. Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised.
8. be bound to
eg. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.
9. (or) vice-versa 反之亦然
10. sth. be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg. "success" is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.
11…. (现象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.
12.A be more essential to B. 对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.
13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years. (很优美的句子,值得借鉴)
14. from the …point of view 从…角度来看
eg. From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看
15. ……must be rooted out in order to …. …必须根除以…
eg. Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state. 为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.
16. …represent only the tip of the iceberg. …….只是冰山一角
eg. The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.
17. The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七.一讲话).
18. ….stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and the modernization drive. 站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年****的七.一讲话). (句中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开
放:reform (and) opening-up等)
19….demonstrate the value of one's life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times. 证实自己的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望. (出处同上)
20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…. / But I think quite differently. (对报刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点)
21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为….
22 It is no denying the fact that…. 无可否认…
23……… , so…that…
eg. The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it.
eg. Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.
二十. 辨证分析
1. Just as the po pular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides". From one side,…. from the other side,…. 正如一个谚语所说的, "每个硬币都有两面(事物都是一分为二的)".从一方面看……… 从另一方面来看………
二十一. 比喻,拟人
1. They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance.
2. True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power.
二十二.副词
1. admittedly 应当承认:
Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.
2. simply 简而言之:
The answer is simply money.
3. discreetly 小心谨慎地:
point out discreetly that…
4. conceivably 可以想象地:
Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.
5. surely 肯定地:
This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.
6. eagerly 渴望地
7. increasingly 不断增长地
While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.
8. honestly: 诚实地:
the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利
9. certainly: 当然地
As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但是如果…。