大学英语四级-84

大学英语四级-84
(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：100.00)
During the 1992 presidential campaign, Hillary Rodham Clinton observed, "Our lives are a mixture of different roles. Most of us are doing the best we can to find whatever the right balance is...For me, that balance is family, work, and service."
As an 1 at Wellesley College, Hillary mixed academic excellence with school government. Speaking at graduation, she said, "The challenge now is to practice politics as the art of malting what appears to be impossible, 2 ."
After graduation, Hillary advised the Children"s Defense Fund in Cambridge and joined the impeachment inquiry staff advising the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives. After completing those responsibilities, she "followed her heart to Arkansas," where Bill had begun his political career.
They married in 1975. She joined the 3 of the University of Arkansas Law School in 1975 and the Rose Law Firm in 1976. In 1978, President Jimmy Carter 4 her to the board of the Legal Services Corporation, and Bill Clinton became governor of Arkansas. Their daughter, Chelsea, was born in 1980.
Hillary served as Arkansas"s First Lady for 12 years, balancing family, law, and public service. She 5 the Arkansas Educational Standards Committee, co-founded the Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families, and served on the boards of the Arkansas Children"s Hospital, Legal Services, and the Children"s Defense Fund.
As the nation"s First Lady, Hillary continued to balance public service with 6 life. Her active role began in 1993 when the President asked her to chair the Task Force on National Health Care Reform. She continued to be a leading 7 for expanding health insurance coverage, ensuring children are properly 8 , and raising public awareness of health issues. She wrote a weekly newspaper column entitled "Talking It Over," which focused on her experiences as First Lady and her observations of women, children, and families she has met around the world. Her 1996 book It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us was a best seller, and she received a Grammy Award for her recording of it.
As First Lady, her public involvement with many activities sometimes led to controversy. Undeterred by critics, Hillary won many admirers for her devoted support for women around the world and her 9 to children"s issues.
She was elected United States Senator from New York on November 7,2000. She is the first First Lady elected to the United States Senate and the first woman elected 10 in New York.
A. private
B. chaired
C. fluctuated
D. verbally
E. undergraduate
F. advocate
G. initiative
H. immunized
I. faculty J. possible K. statewide L. appointed
M. commitment N. logical O. mobilized（分数：25.00）
解析：E[解析] 此处应为元音开头的单数名词。

根据该句中的Wellesley College，academic和school等词可以推断空白处在语义上与学校、学习有关。

在内容上应该表示“在校学生”，因此undergraduate是最合适的词。

解析：J[解析] 此处可为形容词、动词原形或动词过去分词，作为making的宾语补足语。

从making what appears to be impossible的语义可知，希拉里想改变一些看起来不可能的事，本题填写possible一词最为合适。

因为该词可表明希拉里的雄心勃勃。

还在结构上与impossible相对，从而突出说话人坚决的态度。

解析：I[解析] 此处应为名词。

从空白处前的动词join可以推断此处需要一个表示某种机构组织的名词，再加上后面的University可以确定此处应为faculty一词，表明希拉里成为了大学教员。

解析：L[解析] 此处应为及物动词的过去式，而且可与to搭配。

本段主要介绍希拉里早期曾做过的工作。

Jimmy Carter是当时的总统。

该句应表明总统给希拉里任命了一份工作，在词库中，appointed意为“任命”，而且可以用于appoint sb. to...的结构，因此为本题答案。

解析：B[解析] 此处应为动词的过去式，而且是及物动词。

从原文该段首句可以知道接下来将要讲到希拉里在工作方面的出色表现，而从第2句的结构可以知道空白处的单词应与co-founded，served并列，表示希拉里在阿肯色州教育标准委员会的工作角色，这样看来，chaired一词最为合适。

解析：A[解析] 此处应为形容词。

从该句中的balance public...with...可以推断此处需要的单词与public 意义相对，因此，private为本题答案。

解析：F[解析] 此处应为单数名词。

从该句中的continued to be可以知道空白处的单词在语义上与上句的active role相关，表明希拉里在健康保险问题上扮演积极的角色，在词库中，只有advocate在语义和词意色彩上符合要求。

解析：H[解析] 此处应为形容词，作are的表语，或为动词的过去分词，与are构成被动语态。

原文该句的关键字是health，由此可知空白处所缺的单词应该与“健康”这个话题有关，因此immunized为本题答案。

解析：M[解析] 此处应为名词。

从该句的结构可以知道空白处的名词应该与devoted support并列，具有积极的词意色彩，表明希拉里为儿童事业贡献良多，由此可见，commitment为本题答案。

解析：K[解析] 空白处应为副词，修饰elected的方式，或限定in New York的范围。

在副词词库里，只有statewide一词表示范围，适合上下文的语义要求。

It has been months since Tina Moore last bit into a bagel or a slice of toast. "Protein is good. Carbs (碳水化合物) are bad," says 41-year-old Moore, who altered her diet five years ago in a bid to lose weight. Moore is one of an estimated 15 million-plus Americans seen as devoted followers of dieting advisor Dr. Robert Atkins, who 11 eating a diet high in protein for those who want to lose weight and keep it off.
The hamburger patty is good, the hamburger bun bad, according to the 12 of Atkins, who has turned his philosophies into a dieting revolution, starting with his first book, Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution , in 1972.
Atkins" books—his latest, Atkins for Life , was published this year—routinely 13 best-seller lists. Atkins companies have made millions of dollars in sales of specialty low-carb food products and carb-counting scales,
But the popularity of Atkins" eating advice, now appealing to another generation, is 14 some food companies who rely on the consumer appetite for carbohydrate-laden foods such as pastas and pizzas, cakes, cookies and cereals, to add weight to their own bottom lines.
"Our industry has to do something, and soon, It is starting to become a 15 belief that carbohydrates are bad," said Judi Adams, director of the Wheat Foods Council, a society of industry players that includes ConAgra, General Mills and Kellogg Co.
Part of the society"s push will be in Washington, where federal health officials are starting talks on 16 to the nation"s 11-year-old Food Guide Pyramid .
17 , the pyramid puts bread, cereals, rice and pasta as the foundation for healthy eating, The strategy is a direct attack on Atkins: Americans who follow the Atkins diet increase their risk of health problems that include cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, kidney damage and some cancers, the Wheat Foods Council says. Adding 18 to injury, it claims that Atkins followers can also suffer headaches, constipation and bad breath.
According to Atkins, he is not looking to go to war with the food companies, and even Atkins diehards allow for an 19 doughnut or cookie. "We teach people how to respect it and, on rare occasions, have it in 20 ," he said. "We know people can"t stay away from it forever."
A. mainstream
B. top
C. profitable
D. occasional
E. Currently
F. panicking
G. proceedings
H. hasty
I. recommends J. insult K. teachings L. revisions
M. Empirically N. moderation O. merge（分数：25.00）
解析：I[解析] 此处就为第三人称单数的动词，而且可带动名词作其宾语。

从原文可知，Atkins博士有很多追随者，因为对于饮食习惯他有自己的一套。

本题所在的从句应表明Atkins博士的某种“主张”，而且动词词库中只有recommends一个第三人称单数的动词。

显然recommends为本题答案。

解析：K[解析] 此处应为名。

从该段开头提及的“汉堡肉饼好，汉堡小圆面包则不好”可以推断空白处的
名词应是Atkins博士的“观点”、“看法”等，在名词词库中，teachings虽然不是“观点”、“看法”的意思。

但结合上文提到的Atkins博士有众多追随者的这个事实。

可以推断他的看法都被追随者当成了“必须听从的教海”。

因此，teachings适合于上下文的语义，为本题答案。

解析：B[解析] 此处应为动词原形，其主语是句子开头的Atkins" books。

根据空白处后的best-seller lists 可以推断此处的动词表示Atkins的书在畅销书排行榜上的排行或受欢迎程度，在动词词库中，top符合上下文语义。

解析：F[解析] 此处应为动词的现在分词，与is构成现在进行时的谓语。

从上文可知Atkins博士认为碳水化合物不利健康，因此本题所在的句子应该表示他的这一说法使生产碳水化合物食品的公司“很恐慌”等，显然，词库中panicking在词形和词义上符合要求。

解析：A[解析] 此处应为belief的修饰成分，可为名词、形容词或动词的分词。

原文该句表明Judi Adams 担心Atkins博士的观点会成为“影响广泛”的观念，从这个内容看来，mainstream一词是最适合的。

值
得洼意的是，词库中的形容词都不能修饰belief，虽然也有top belief的说法，但这必须有特定的语境，例如在按照重要性排列各种观点看法时，就有处于首位的看法和其他看法之分。

奉文并没有这样的排列。

因此不能用top修饰belief。

解析：L[解析] 此处应为名词。

此句描述的是小麦食品协会对付Atkins的对策，在名词词库中，只有revisions一同最合适，revisions to...意为“对……的修改”。

解析：E[解析] 此处应为副词，作状语。

在副词词库中，Currently在语义上适合，为本题答案。

文章并
无讨论《食品指导金字塔》是怎么制定出来的，而且如果用Empirically，就有贬低《食品指导金字塔》
之嫌了，因此Empirically不正确。

解析：J[解析] 此处应为名词。

从上文的内容及本句中的also一词可以推断本题所在的词组具有“更糟糕的是”之义，比前句提到的不良影响更进一步，名词词库中只有insult具有消极意义，为本题答案。

解析：D[解析] 此处应为修饰成分，可为元音开头的名词、形容词或动词的分词。

本句及下句的rare occasions表明Atkins并非绝对禁止他的追随者吃碳水化合物食物，他们可以“偶尔”吃，因此occasional 为本题答案。

解析：N[解析] 此处应为名词。

根据该句中的rare occasions可以知道Atkins主张可以偶尔吃吃碳水化
合物食品，但也要控制数量，have it in moderation意为“适量地吃”，因此moderation为本题答案。

Sitting in a back room at London"s Barbican arts center, which is hosting the Game On Exhibition, Henry Jenkins delivers a line that would have jaws dropping in any gathering of the rich and famous. "I think games are going to be the most 21 art form of the 21st century," he says.
It is, you might think, exactly what would be expected of someone introduced as "a professor of gaming."
But Jenkins is much more than that. He is the director of a graduate program in 22 media studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston, which also covers film, television and other mass media. "Games are a significant but not the primary focus of the program," he says. "Our approach has been to 23 games more fully into the study of media, rather than apply them in one specialized field."
The problem is that video games have yet to achieve 24 . They are often seen roughly of equal status with pornography (色情资料), providing instant contentment for the sort of people no one would invite to a dinner party. 25 everyone plays video games, but you may feel guilty if you are caught at it.
But things did not go exactly to plan. Jenkins wrote: "We were trying to start a conversation about gender, about the opening up of the girls game market, about the place of games in "boy culture," and so forth. But all the media wants to talk about is video-game 26 ."
The media madness reached new heights following the Columbine high-school 27 , which looked like something out of a first-person shooter.
He says: "the question is not whether video games are violent—obviously all story-telling traditions have included violence and aggression—the question is: "What are games saying about violence?" Medieval epics are full of violence, and there"s a lot of blood-letting—but such stuff would never get 28 for a mainstream game title."
"The difference in films is that 29 the fighting stops, you bury your head, and you remember who was lost. That forces you to think about the consequences of violence. And games are starting to introduce something similar, like 30 the dead. It"s not beyond the industry to say something thoughtful about violence."
A. inhibited
B. respectability
C. staggering
D. massacre
E. periodically
F. significant
G. approved
H. mourning
I. unanimous J. solitarily K. integrate L. comparative
M. practically N. intrigue O. violence（分数：25.00）
解析：F[解析] 此处应为形容词。

下一段评论说该段中Jenkins对“游戏”的评论和符合他作为“游戏教授”的身份，既然Jenkins是“游戏教授”，他应该对游戏推崇备至，由此可见，空白处的形容词应带有
积极意义，在词库中，只有significant最适合。

解析：L[解析] 此处应为形容词，或作修饰成分的动词分词形式。

从该句中的graduate program，studies，MIT等词可以知道空白处的单词应该与学术研究有关，而从该句中定语从句提到的众多媒体方式，可以进
一步确定空白处应为comparative一词，表示Jenkins通过“对比”研究各种媒体。

解析：K[解析] 此处应为原形动词，且可与into搭配。

从该句末的比较从句的内容可以推断空白处的动词应该带有“利用”游戏更充分地研究媒体的意思，或将游戏“融入”媒体研究当中的意思，在动词词库中integrate在词形、搭配和词义上都符合要求，为本题答案。

解析：B[解析] 此处应为名词，作achieve的宾语。

从该段第2句可以知道人们对游戏的评价很低，而第
1句应该指出相同的内容，表示游戏仍然得不到人们的“尊重”或“好的评价”，由此可见，该名词应具
有积极意义，名词词库中只有respectability具有积极意义，为本题答案。

解析：M[解析] 此处应为副词。

末句应该在陈述一种现实的情况，因此该副词应具有“事实上”的意思，
由此可见，practically为本题答案。

解析：O[解析] 此处应为名词。

原文该句开头的but表明人们关注的是视频游戏的负面影响，由此可见，
此处的名词应带有消极意义。

从倒数第2段首句可以看出该段是针对上两段描述的事实提出的观点，该句
提出的“视频游戏是否暴力”的问题显示在本题所在的句子中，人们关注的应该是视频游戏引起的暴力问题，因此，本题答案应为violence。

解析：D[解析] 此处应为名词。

根据下一段的内容可推断本题所在的段落的话题也与“暴力”有关，而从
该段末的shooter可以推断，在名词词库三个具有消极意义的词当中，massacre最适合。

如果稍对背景知识有所了解，本题空白处前的Columbine high-school是一个很好的提示，当年Columbine高中发生的校
园枪击案是震惊全国的。

解析：G[解析] 此处应为动词的过去分词，与get构成被动语态。

从该句破折号后的but可以推断该句表
示虽然从中世纪开始史诗中就充满了暴力，但这些永远“成不了”叙述的主流，由此可见，该动词与get
构成的被动语态应该带有“得以存在”的意思，在动词词库中，只有approved符合上下文的语义。

解析：E[解析] 此处应为副词，表明“打斗停止”的方式或时间。

本句指出电影与视频游戏不同，视频游
戏总是充斥着暴力，而电影中的打斗场面会“时不时”停止以让看的人有时间去思考。

在副词词库中，periodically表示频率，practically表示程度，都可用于修饰stop一词，但是，practically的程度太深，因为电影是没有可能彻底把打斗去掉的，因此，periodically为本题答案。

解析：H[解析] 此处应为动名词，the dead是其宾语。

本句中similar一词表明现在游戏也像电影一样，时不时能让人停下来思考一下暴力的后果，而句中的like表明其后的内容是对暴力造成的后果的一种思考，在动词词库两个动名词中，只有mourning适合上下文的内容。

Keeping a full social calendar may help protect you from dementia (痴呆症), researchers said on Monday.
31 active people who were not easily stressed had a 50 percent lower risk of developing dementia compared with men and women who were 32 and prone to distress, they reported in the journal Neurology.
"In the past, studies have shown that long-term distress can 33 parts of the brain, possibly leading to dementia," Hui-Xin Wang of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, who led the study, said in a 34 .
"But our findings suggest that having a calm and 35 personality in combination with a socially active lifestyle may decrease the risk of developing dementia even further."
An estimated 24 million people worldwide have the memory loss, problems with direction and other 36 that signal Alzheimer"s disease and other forms of dementia.
Researchers believe the number of people with dementia may increase by four times by 2040, 37 the importance of better understanding the condition.
The Swedish study involved 506 elderly people who did not have dementia when first examined. The volunteers were given questionnaires about their personality traits and lifestyles and then 38 for six years.
Over that time, 144 people developed dementia with more socially active and less stressed men and women 50 percent less likely to be 39 with the condition.
"The good news is, lifestyle factors can be modified as opposed to genetic factors which cannot be controlled," Wang said. "But these are early results, so how exactly 40 attitude influences risk for dementia is not clear."
A. affect
B. outgoing
C. undergoing
D. diagnosed
E. effect
F. Socially
G. tracked
H. withdrew
I. Vertically J. statement K. highlighting L. symptoms
M. frictions N. mental O. isolated（分数：25.00）
解析：F[解析] 此处应为副词。

该段是对上一段内容的进一步解释说明，此处的
---|||________|||---active应与上一段的Keeping a full social calendar意思相近，因此，此处最适合的副词是Socially。

解析：O[解析] 此处应为形容词或动词的分词作形容词。

该句中的compared表明其前后的内容意思相反，即既然前面的内容提到活跃的人不容易患老年痴呆症，本空就应填与“活跃的”意思和词义色彩都相反的词，isolated符合要求。

解析：A[解析] 此处应为动词原形。

词库中只有affect和effect符合；再根据上下文可知，此处意为“抑郁会影响大脑的某些部位”，应选表“影响”的动词，故选affect。

注意effect为名词时才有“影响”之义，故不选。

解析：J[解析] 此处应为名词。

本题的名词应表明Hui-Xin Wang发表他的研究结果的“地方”，在名词词库中，只有statement与此有关。

解析：B[解析] 此处应为形容词。

根据文章内容，喜欢社交的人患痴呆症的几率降低，根据句子后半部分可知此处的性格特点应该是喜欢社交的，outgoing“外向的”符合句意。

解析：L[解析] 此处应为名词复数。

在名词库的两个复数名词中，只有symptoms能与memory loss，problems with direction并列作have的宾语，且表现that从句中两个词组表现出的问题。

解析：K[解析] 此处应为分词。

本题所在的段落指出全球的痴呆症患者数量到2040年将激增4倍，这种增长速度理应引起人们对这个问题的重视，在动词词库中，适合这个上下文语义的只highlighting。

highlighting the importance意为“突显重要性”。

解析：G[解析] 此处应为过去分词，与句子中的were构成被动语态的谓语。

本段说的是这项研究的数据收集过程，根据内容可以推断此处最适合的是tracked一词，表明研究人员对受试者进行了6年的跟踪调查。

解析：B[解析] 此处应为形容词或动词的过去分词。

这一段讲的是研究的最终结果，研究发现活跃的人较不容易“患上”老年痴呆症，由此可见，diagnosed为最适当的词，be diagnosed with...意为“诊断为(患上)……”。

解析：N[解析] 此处应为形容词。

全文讨论关于人的精神状态与痴呆症之间关系的研究，最后一段的目的是指出本文提到的研究结果还不够完善，由此可见，本题空白处选mental一词符合语义。