蒙城县二小六年级英语英语第一册语法总结：过去完成时素材

新概念英语第一册语法总结：过去完成时
过去完成时
用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。

结构：had+过去分词
After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。

★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
She hadn't finished her homework.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. / No, she hadn't.
★特殊疑问句
What had she done?
Unit 2 Tell Me a Story
Lesson 9 Danny Tells a Story
教材分析
本节课是第二章的第三节内容，通过一根大骨头和湖泊的故事，让孩子们进一步把握用英语
讲述故事的能力。

教学目标
【知识目标】
1、学会讲述大骨头和湖泊的简单的小故事，注意人称与时态的变化。

2、掌握本节课出现的动词过去式的变化。

【能力目标】
指导学生用英语讲述大骨头和湖泊的故事。

【情感目标】
教学重难点通过对本课的学习，让学生进一步懂得如何用英语讲述小故事，通过故事学英语
单词和语法，从而培养学生对英语的热爱。

【教学重点】
如何用英语来讲述大骨头和湖泊的故事。

【教学难点】
帮助孩子能够结合自己已学的英语知识和图片所传达的内容，能够用英语讲述本节课学到的
小故事。

课前准备
Tape recorder, Multimedia
教学过程
Step 1. Greetings and warm-up activities
Please describe the picture.
A big bone and a lake
Step 2. Read and judge
1. A dog found a big, heavy bone in a city park. ( )
2. The dog walked quickly to the forest. ( )
3. He saw a small lake. ( )
4. He looked at a lion in the water. ( )
5. He didn’t have any bones. ( )
Step 3.Read and write
One day, a dog found a big , heavy in a city park. It was hard
to , but the dog didn’t want .
He carried the heavy bone and walked slowly
to .
He carried the bone the road.
He carried it .
Soon he saw a big . He looked in the water and
saw . That dog also .
Soon he saw a big . He looked in the water and
saw . That dog also .
He the dog in the water.
When he barked, his bone .
Learn a lesson: .
Step4.Number these sentences
( ) He wanted to carry the bone to the forest.
( ) A dog found a bone.
( ) The dog stopped at a lake.
( ) He saw a dog with a bone in the water.
( ) He barked at the dog and lost his bone.
Step5.Summary
1. 学会复述简单的小故事，注意人称与时态的变化。

2. 本课动词过去式的变化：
find– found
carry—carried
see– saw
fall– fell
think– thought
is– was
do— did
Step6.Homework
Practice the dialog.
Recite the text well and practice the words.
Unit 8 Farewell
Part A
一、单元教学目标
技能目标
1.听懂故事；能跟磁带朗读故事；能在图片的帮助下简单复述故事。

2. 重要句型要求学生会说并用于实际生活中。

3. 能正确书写单词。

情感目标
1. 引导学生描述主人公的客观现状，并询问如何能够对其提供帮助
2. 继续激发学生的学习兴趣，持续培养良好的学习习惯。

二、单元重难点
1. 基本词汇要求听懂、会说、认读，还会用。

2. 重要句型要求学生会说并用于实际生活中。

3. 涉及简单的语法知识，要求学生听懂、会说、认读，还会用。

三、单元教学策略
A：Pre-reading
1. Greeting
2. Communicate.
S1: Why not…..?
S2: Let’s……..
3. 情景设置：Take a picture
4. 引出新知识：
Why not…..?
(简单操练，适当板书，进行对比，引导学生体会句型的用法)
B: Reading
1. Observe the pictures and answer the questions: What is talking about in this picture?
2. Listen and circle the structures: Why not…..? then make a dialogue with friends.
3. Listen to the radio, circle the new words.(solve the difficulties)
4. Read after the tape, pointing.
5. Ask the little teacher to teach to read.
6. Yes or No (check if the kids understood the story.)
7. Read in roles (4 teams).
C: After-reading
1. Review the story.
2. Present the talk:
Why not…..?
. 3. Listen and say:
1) Read after the tape.
2) Work in pairs.
4. Practice:
1) Work in pairs.
2) Show some individuals.
四、课后作业
1.默写本课所学生词。

2.能复述课本内容。

the Pea Blossom
by Hans Christian Andersen（1853）
theRE were once five peas in one shell，theywere GREen，the shell was green，and so theybelieved that the whole world must be green also，which was a very natural conclusion. The shellgrew，and the peas gr ew，they accommodatedthemselves to their position，and sat all in a row.The sun shone without and warmed the shell，andthe rain made it clear and transparent；it was mildand agreeable in broad daylight ，and dark at night，as it generally is；and the peas as theysa t there grew bigger and bigger，and more thoughtful as they mused，for they felt theremust be something else for them to do.
“Are we to sit here forever？”asked one；“shall we not become hard by sitting so long？Itseems to me there must be something outside，and I feel sure of it.”
And as weeks passed by，the peas became yellow，and the shell bec ame yellow.
“All the world is turning yellow，I suppose，”said they，—and perhaps they were right.
Suddenly they felt a pull at the shell；it was torn off，and hel d in human hands，thenslipped into the pocket of a jacket in compa ny with other full pods.
“Now we shall soon be opened，”said one，—just what they all wanted.
“I should like to know which of us will travel furthest，”said t he smallest of the five；“weshall soon see now.”
“What is to happen will happen，”said the largest pea.
“Crack”went the shell as it burst，and the five peas rolled out into the bright sunshine.There they lay in a child's hand. A littl e boy was holding them tightly，and said they were finepeas for hi s pea-shooter. And immediately he put one in and shot it out.
“Now I am flying out into the wide world，”said he；“catch me if you can；”and he wasgone in a moment.
“I，”said the second，“intend to fly straight to the sun，that is a shell that lets it self beseen，and it will suit me exactly；”and away he went.
“We will go to sleep wherever we find ourselves，”said the two n ext，“we shall still berolling onwards；”and they did certainly fall on the floor，and roll about before they got intothe pea-shooter；bu t they were put in for all that.
“We shall go farther than the others，”saidthey.
“What is to happen will happen，”exclaimed the last，as he was shot out of the pea-shooter；and as he spoke he flew up against a n old board under a garret-window，and fellinto a little crevice，which was almost filled up with moss and soft earth. The moss close d itselfround him，and there he lay， a captive indeed，but not u nnoticed by God.
“What is to happen will happen，”said he to himself.
Within the little garret lived a poor woman，who went out to clean stoves，chop wood intosmall pieces and perform such-like hard work ，for she was strong and industrious. Yet sheremained always poor，and at home in the garret lay her only daughter，not quite grown up，and very delicate and weak. For a whole year she had kept her bed ，and it seemed as if shecould neither live nor die.
“She is going to her little sister，”said the woman；“I had but the two children，and itwas not an easy thing to supp ort both of them；but the good God helped me in my work，and took one of them to Himself and provided for her. Now I would gladly keep the other thatwas left to me，but I suppose they are not to be separated，and my sick girl will very soongo to her s ister above.”But the sick girl still remained where she was，quie tly and patiently shelay all the day long，while her mother was aw ay from home at her work.
Spring came，and one morning early the sun shone brightly through t he little window，and threw its rays over the floor of the room. just as the mother was going to her work，thesick girl fixed her gaze on the lowest pane of the window—“Mother，”she exclaimed，“whatcan that little GREen thing be that peeps in at the window？
It is moving in the wind.”
the mother stepped to the window and half opened it. “Oh！”she said，“there is actually alittle pea which has taken root and is putting out its GREen leaves. How could it have got intothis crack？Well now，here is a little garden for you to amuse yourself with.”S
o the bed ofthe sick girl was drawn nearer to the window，that sh e might see the budding plant；and themother went out to her work.
“Mother，I believe I shall get well，”said the sick child in th e evening，“the sun has shonein here so brightly and warmly to-day，and the little pea is thriving so well：I shall get onbetter，too，and g o out into the warm sunshine again.”
“God grant it！”said the mother，but she did not believe it wou ld be so. But she proppedup with the little stick the GREen plant which had given her child such pleasant hopes of life，so that it might not be broken by the winds；she tied the piece of string to the window-silland to the upper part of the frame，so that the pea-tendrils might twine round it when it shotup. And it did shoot up，indeed it might almost be seen to grow from day t o day.
“Now really here is a flower coming，”said the old woman one mor ning，and now at lastshe began to encourage the hope that her sick daughter might really recover. Sheremembered that for some time the child had spoken more cheerfully，and during the last fewdays had raised herself in bed in the morning to look with sparkling eyes at her little gardenwhich contained only a single pea-plant. A week after，the invalid sat up for the first time awhole hour，feeling quite happy by the open window in the warm sunshine，while outsid eGREw the little plant，and on it a pink pea-blossom in full bloom . The little maiden bent downand gently kissed the delicate leaves. This day was to her like a festival.
“Our heavenly Father Himself has planted that pea，and made it gro w and flourish，tobring joy to you and hope to me，my blessed ch ild，”said the happy mother，and she smiledat the flower，as if it had been an angel from God.
But what became of the other peas？Why the one who flew out into the wide world，andsaid，“Catch me if you can，”fell into a gutter on the roof of a hou se，and ended his travelsin the crop of a pigeon. The two lazy on es were carried quite as far，for they also were eatenby pigeons，so they were at least of some use；but the fourth，who wanted to reach thesun，fell into a sink and lay there in the dirty wate r for days and weeks，till he had swelled toa GREat size.
“I am getting beautifully fat，”said the pea，“I expect I shall burst at last；no pea coulddo more that that，I think；I am the most remarkable of all the five which were in the shell.”And the sink confirmed the opinion.
But the young maiden stood at the open garret window，with sparklin g eyes and the rosyhue of health on her cheeks，she folded her th in hands over the pea-blossom，and thankedGod for what He had done.
“I，”said the sink，“shall stand up for my pea.”
有一个豆荚，里面有五粒豌豆。

它们都是绿的，因此它们就以为整个世界都是绿的。

事实也正是这样！豆荚在生长，豆粒也在生长。

它们按照它们在家庭里的地位，坐成一排。

太阳在外边照着，把豆荚晒得暖洋洋的；雨把它洗得透明。

这儿是既温暖，又舒适；白天有亮，晚间黑暗，这本是必然的规律。

豌豆粒坐在那儿越长越大，同时也越变得沉思起来，因为它们多少得做点事情呀。

“难道我们永远就在这儿坐下去么？”它们问。

“我只愿老这样坐下去，不要变得僵硬起来。

我似乎觉得外面发生了一些事情——我有这种预感！”
许多星期过去了。

这几粒豌豆变黄了，豆荚也变黄了。

“整个世界都在变黄啦！”它们说。

它们也可以这样说。

忽然它们觉得豆荚震动了一下。

它被摘下来了，落到人的手上，跟许多别的丰满的豆荚在一起，溜到一件马甲的口袋里去。

“我们不久就要被打开了！”它们说。

於是它们就等待这件事情的到来。

“我倒想要知道，我们之中谁会走得最远！”最小的一粒豆说。

“是的，事情马上就要揭晓了。

”“该怎么办就怎么办！”最大的那一粒说。

“啪！”豆荚裂开来了。

那五粒豆子全都滚到太阳光里来了。

它们躺在一个孩子的手中。

这个孩子紧紧地捏着它们，说它们正好可以当作豆枪的子弹用。

他马上安一粒进去，把它射出来。

“现在我要飞向广大的世界里去了！如果你能捉住我，那么就请你来吧！”於是它就飞走了。

“我，”第二粒说，“我将直接飞进太阳里去。

这才像一个豆荚呢，而且与我的身份非常相称！”
於是它就飞走了。

“我们到了甚么地方，就在甚么地方睡，”其余的两粒说。

“不过我们仍得向前滚。

”因此它们在没有到达豆枪以前，就先在地上滚起来。

但是它们终於被装进去了。

“我们才会射得最远呢！”“该怎么办就怎么办！”最后的那一粒说。

它射到空中去了。

它射到顶楼窗子下面一块旧板子上，正好钻进一个长满了青苔的黴菌的裂缝里去。

青苔把它裹起来。

它躺在那儿不见了，可是我们的上帝并没忘记它。

“应该怎么办就怎么办！”它说。

在这个小小的顶楼里住着一个穷苦的女人。

她白天到外面去擦炉子，锯木材，并且做许多类似的粗活，因为她很强壮，而且也很勤俭，不过她仍然是很穷。

她有一个发育不全的独生女儿，躺在这顶楼上的家里。

她的身体非常虚弱。

她在床上躺了一整年；看样子既活不下去，也死不了。

“她快要到她亲爱的姐姐那儿去了！”女人说。

“我只有两个孩子，但是养活她们两个人是够困难的。

善良的上帝分担我的愁苦，已经接走一个了。

我现在把留下的这一个养着。

不过我想他不会让她们分开的；她也会到她天上的姐姐那儿去的。

”
可是这个病孩子并没有离开。

她安静地、耐心地整天在家里躺着，她的母亲到外面去挣点生活的费用。

这正是春天。

一大早，当母亲正要出去工作的时候，太阳温和地、愉快地从那个小窗子射进来，一直射到地上。

这个病孩子望着最低的那块窗玻璃。

“从窗玻璃旁边探出头来的那个绿东西是甚么呢？它在风里摆动！”
母亲走到窗子那儿去，把窗打开一半。

“啊”她说，“我的天，这原来是一粒小豌豆。

它还长出小叶子来了。

它怎样钻进这个隙缝里去的？你现在可有一个小花园来供你欣赏了！”
病孩子的床搬得更挨近窗子，好让她看到这粒正在生长着的豌豆。

於是母亲便出去做她的工作了。

“妈妈，我觉得我好了一些！”这个小姑娘在晚间说。

“太阳今天在我身上照得怪温暖的。

这粒豆子长得好极了，我也会长得好的；我将爬起床来，走到温暖的太阳光中去。

”“愿上帝准我们这样！”母亲说，但是她不相信事情就会这样。

不过她仔细地用一根小棍子把这植物支起来，好使它不致被风吹断，因为它使她的女儿对生命起了愉快的想像。

她从窗台上牵了一根线到窗框的上端去，使这粒豆可以盘绕着它向上长，它的确在向上长——人们每天可以看到它在生长。

“真的，它现在要开花了！”女人有一天早晨说。

她现在开始希望和相信，她的病孩子会好起来。

她记起最近这孩子讲话时要比以前愉快得多，而且最近几天她自己也能爬起来，直直地坐在床上，用高兴的眼光望着这一颗豌豆所形成的小花园。

一星期以后，这个病孩子第一次能够坐一整个钟头。

她快乐地坐在温暖的太阳光里。

窗子打开了，它面前是一朵盛开的、粉红色的豌豆花。

小姑娘低下头来，把它柔嫩的叶子轻轻地吻了一下。

这一天简直像一个节日。

“我幸福的孩子，上帝亲自种下这颗豌豆，叫它长得枝叶茂盛，成为你我的希望和快乐！”高兴的母亲说。

她对这花儿微笑，好像它就是上帝送下来的一位善良的安琪儿。

但是其余的几粒豌豆呢？嗯，那一粒曾经飞到广大的世界上去，并且还说过“如果你能捉住我，那末就请你来吧！”
它落到屋顶的水笕里去了，在一个鸽子的嗉囊里躺下来，正如约拿躺在鲸鱼肚中一样（註：据希伯莱人的神话，希伯莱的预言家约拿因为不听上帝的话，乘船逃遁，上帝因此吹起大风。

船上的人把约拿抛到海里以求免於翻船之祸。

约拿被大鱼所吞，在鱼腹中待了三天三夜。

事见《圣经·旧约全书·约拿书》。

）。

那两粒懒惰的豆子也不过只走了这么远，因为它们也被鸽子吃掉了。

总之，它们总还算有些实际的用途。

可是那第四粒，它本来想飞进太阳里去，但是却落到水沟里去了，在髒水里躺了好几个星期，而且涨大得相当可观。

“我胖得够美了！”这粒豌豆说。

“我胖得要爆裂开来。

我想，任何豆子从来不曾、也永远不会达到这种地步的。

我是豆荚里五粒豆子中最了不起的一粒。

”
水沟说它讲得很有道理。

可是顶楼窗子旁那个年轻的女孩子——她脸上射出健康的光彩，她的眼睛发着亮光——正在豌豆花上面交叉着一双小手，感谢上帝。

水沟说：“我支持我的那粒豆子。

”
（1853年）。