新人教版2021版高考一轮复习Unit3Ahealthylife学案选修6(英语)[21页]

一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．alcohol n． 酒；酒精
2．alcoholic adj. 酒精的
3．immune adj. 有免疫力的
4．spill vi. __溢出；洒落
vt. 使溢出；使洒落5．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
6．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的7．obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症8．comprehension n. 理解(力)
9．fitness n. 健康
10．robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃
11．pill n. 药丸；药片12．needle n. 针；(注射器的)针头13．prejudice n. 偏见；成见14．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的15．adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的16．adolescence n. 青春期
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3．due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的4．tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开6．cigarette n. 香烟；纸烟7．accustom vt. 使习惯于8．accustomed adj. 惯常的；习惯了的9．unfit adj. 不健康的；不合适的；
不合格的
10．lung n. 肺
11．packet n. 小包；小盒
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
2．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.(反义词)身体的；肉体的
3．breath n．呼吸→__breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
4．strength n．力气，力量；强项→strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强
5．disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
6．relax v．使放松→relaxed adj.轻松的→relaxing adj.使人放松的→relaxation n．放松；松弛
7．weak adj.虚弱的→weaken vi.动摇；减弱vt.(使)变弱→weakness n．弱点
8．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的
9．judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法；判决；判断
10．embarrass v．使尴尬；使局促不安；使困窘→embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassment n．窘迫；难堪
11．addict vt.使上瘾n．有瘾的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
12．effect n．结果；效力；影响→effective adj.有效的；有影响的→affect vt.影响
13．stress n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的
14．shame n．羞耻；羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的；不道德的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的→ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
15．chemist n．药剂师；化学家→chemical adj.化学的n．化学制品→chemistry n．化学
1.人生历程
①baby 婴儿
②kid/child 小孩
③junior 年少者；地位较低者；小学生
④youth/teenager/adolescent
青少年
⑤adult 成人
⑥a middle－aged person 中年人
⑦senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
老年人
2.性格多变，让人难以捉摸
①bad－tempered 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
②sweet－tempered　性情温和的
③kind－hearted 好心的
④open－minded　虚心的
⑤easy－going 随和的
⑥outgoing　外向的
⑦strong－willed　意志坚强的
⑧narrow－minded　心胸狭窄的
3.否定前缀un－高频形容词一览
①unfit 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
②unfair　不公平的
③unusual　不寻常的
④unfriendly　不友好的
⑤unfortunate　不幸的
⑥uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑦unimportant 不重要的
⑧uncertain 不确定的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．due__to 由于……
2．(be)__addicted__to　对……有瘾
3．(be)__accustomed__to　习惯于……
4．decide__on　对……作出决定
5．feel__like__(doing)　想要(做)……
6．in__spite__of　不顾；不管
7．take__risks__(a__risk)　冒险
8．get__into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9．at__risk　处境危险；遭受危险
10．throw__away 扔掉
1.“因为；由于……”荟萃
①due to 由于；因为
②because of　由于；因为
③owing to 由于；因为
④thanks to 多亏；由于
⑤on account of 由于
⑥as a result of 由于……的原因
2.get into相关短语面面观
①get into debt 负债累累
②get into trouble　陷入困境
③get into shape 使健康状况良好；健美
④get into a panic　陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit　养成习惯
⑥get into drugs 染上毒品
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式教材原句
句型1：as引导非限制性定语从句As__you__know,__if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。

句型2：It is/was time to do sth.该到做某事的时候了When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it__was__time__to__quit__smoking．当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我意识到是时候戒烟了。

句型3：“do/does/did＋动词
原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构I do__hope so because I want you to live
as__long__and__healthy__a__life__as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。

句型4：It is...that...强调句型It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS
that__a__person__begins__to__look__sick. 只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax(放松) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, but also mentally(精神上) in the past few years.
3．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit(放弃) your job and stay at home to be a housewife.
4．The paper is due(到期的) next month，and I am working seven days a week, often long into the
night.
5．It has been proved by facts that watching violence on TV has a bad effect(影响) on the development of children.
6．The man had so little education that he was unfit(fit) for this job.
7．(2019·江苏卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken(weak) muscles.
8．You should be ashamed(羞耻的) of yourself for telling such lies.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 青少年时期
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. 局促不安的
3．(2017·浙江卷6月阅读C)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. 困难的
4．(2017·天津卷完形)Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals. 健康Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
2．The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction．(addict)
3．If we strengthen our physical exercise，we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long.(strong)
4．To my parents’disappointment，my disappointing maths grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
5．After hearing some relaxing music，she felt quite relaxed,__and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
6．As we all know, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.Therefore, we shouldn’t look down upon whoever looks weak. (weak)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
be aware of; feel ashamed of; take risks; get into; due to; be accustomed to; be addicted to
As we all know, any person who 1.gets__into the bad habit of smoking will 2.be__addicted__to nicotine. They believe that they are enjoying life instead of 3.taking__risks. In my opinion, the reason why the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they 4.are__aware__of the harmful effect of smoking, and they are trying to make some change.
Sometimes, the smokers also 5.feel__ashamed__of their bad behavior. Although they desire to live
as healthy a life as the non－smokers, they may not have courage to give up smoking. Maybe it’s all 6.due__to the fact that they 7.are__accustomed__to their life for a long time. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2017·北京卷书面表达)正如我们所知道的，长江是亚洲最长的河流，拥有许多旅游景点。

As__we__know,__the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many tourist attractions.
2．事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯付出的努力与养成一个好习惯付出的努力是一样的。

As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as__much__an__effort__as forming a good one.
3．正是我的信心和决心使我取得了成功。

It__was__my__confidence__and__determination__that led to my success.
4．关上电脑。

是我们该上床睡觉的时候了。

Switch off the computer.It__is__time__for__us__to__go__to__bed．
5．我的确希望您能考虑我的申请。

I do__hope you can take my application into consideration.
stress　n．压力；重音；重点　vt.使紧张；重读；强调；加压力于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed(stress) in their studies.
③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful(stress) conditions.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④正如多次强调的那样，学好英语对你们今后的职业发展非常重要。

As__has__been__stressed__many__times,__learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.
(1)under stress 在压力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)　
[佳句背诵] Last weekend, we started a campaign with the theme “Working is most beautiful” and stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 上周末，我们以“劳动最光荣”为主题发起了一项活动，并强调了亲手劳动的重要性。

(2019·北京卷书面表达)
due　adj.欠款的；预定；预计；到期的；应付的
[一词多义]——写出下列句中due to 或due的含义
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. 因为
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预计
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to be paid by the driver. 由于__应支付
(1)be due to do sth.　预定做某事
(2)(be) due to sb.应支付/给予/归于某人
(be) due to sth.由于/因为某事　
[佳句背诵] I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.　我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定要归功于我的健康生活。

[名师点津] 表示“由于；因为”的其他短语：on account of, because of, as a result of等。

addicted　adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now I work in a centre for drug addicts(addict), helping others to stop taking drugs.
②She kicked her three－pack－a－day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction(addict) to alcohol.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很多孩子沉迷于上网，以致他们对学习失去了兴趣。

③Many kids become/are/get__addicted__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted)
④Many kids addict__themselves__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addict)
⑤Addicted__to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study. (分词作状语)
(1)be/become/get addicted to
沉溺于……；对……上瘾
(2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上瘾
n．有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth.某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n．瘾；入迷；嗜好　
[佳句背诵] Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我写信真诚地邀请你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。

(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
accustomed　adj.惯常的；习惯了的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这位老人习惯于住在农村，他发现很难适应城市的生活。

③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分词作状语)
⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分词作状语)
(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)
(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事　[佳句背诵] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。

effect　n．结果；效力；影响
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/对比填空
①It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
②The effective way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting the balance of nature. (effect；affect；effective)
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·北京卷书面表达)我介绍了制茶的历史，这对他们更好地理解我们的饮茶文化有很大的影响。

I introduced the history of tea－making，which__has__a__great__effect__on__them__to better understand our tea－drinking culture.
(1)take effect 生效；见效
have an effect/influence on/upon...
对……产生影响
put...into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj.有效的；有影响的
(3)affect vt.影响　
[佳句背诵] There is no denying that reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children.　不可否认，阅读传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。

ashamed　adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
②It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.
③It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④读了上面如此多的妈妈们的共同的抱怨，我感到羞愧和内疚。

Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I__feel__ashamed__and__guilty．
(1)be ashamed to do...耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.
为(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)It’s a shame that.../What a shame that...
……真让人遗憾。

(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的　
[佳句背诵] In my opinion，you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
依我看来，你应该对自己愚蠢的行为感到羞耻。

take risks(a risk)　冒险
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(江苏卷书面表达)交通问题不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还使人们的生命处于危险之中。

Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．
(1)at risk 有风险；处境危险
at the risk of... 冒着……的危险
run the risk (of doing sth.)
冒险(做某事)
put...at risk 让……处于危险之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事　
[佳句背诵] He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得他应该做好每一步的决定，而不是冒险。

get into　陷入；染上(坏习惯)
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①If you get__into trouble, we are willing to help you out.
②A smile can help us get__through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③After Christmas I’m going to get__down__to some serious job－hunting.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④回顾过去的几年，朋友给了我那么多的帮助，我才能克服我不得不面对的困难。

Looking back on my past few years，friends gave me so much help that I could get__over__difficulties which I had to face with.
(1)get into debt 负债累累
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹上麻烦
get into the habit of 养成……的习惯
(2)get across 使被理解
get along with 与……相处
get over 克服；恢复
get down to 开始做……　
[佳句背诵] I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我已经养成了打篮球的习惯，因为它给了我力量去面对生活中的挑战。

(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as...”结构
(教材P18)I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I do sincerely hope that you can take my application into account at。