2017年高二英语人教版选修8教案：Unit3InventorsandinventionsPerio

Unit 3Inventors and inventions
单元要览
本单元的中心话题是“发明家与发明”。

具体涉及“发明与发现的区别”、“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明专利的条件”等等，它告诉同学们成功的发明家往往要经历很多次实验的失败，旨在培养学生不怕失败的精神，培养学生勇于探索和抗挫折的能力。

同时，本单元的语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“发明”这一中心话题设计的。

Pre-reading，Reading and Comprehending
整体设计
教学内容分析
This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of The Problem of the Snakes showing the students an invention so that students can identify its stages.
Warming Up gives three pictures for students to discuss.The point of this exercise is to emphasis the difference between a discovery and an invention，letting students get some more knowledge about discoveries and inventions.
Pre-reading aims to help students focus on the topic of the reading passage and make the students aware of the connection between inventing and the scientific process.Get students to put the stages into a suitable order.
Reading mainly introduces the problem of the snakes that needed to be solved.There are some stages of dealing with snakes in making an invention correctly.The way the inventor goes about it and particularly her efforts to improve the solution are very important to the inventing process.There are three pictures in the passage and each of them is used to present a stage of catching the snakes.After a glance at the title of the text and the three pictures we know that it is to describe a thing about catching snakes，in which there are many stage expressions.Then we can understand the topic of the text and how the information is organized.
Comprehending consists of three written or oral exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher check how much the students have understood the text.
三维目标设计
Knowledge and skills
1．To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases in this period：patent（专利），courtyard（院子），walnut（胡桃），distinguish（区别；辨别），merciful（宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的），product（产品），powder（粉末），perfume（香味），stainless（无锈的；不锈的），cube（立方体），abruptly（突然地），convenient （就近的；方便的），caution（小心；谨慎），expectation（预料），passive（被动的；消极的），merrily（愉快地；高兴地），seize（抓住），criterion（标准），valid（有效的；确凿的），file（提交），call up（给……打电话），now and then（偶尔，有时），set about（开始，着手）．
2．To learn about some inventions，make clear the difference between a discovery and an invention and introduce students to the role of the patent office in deciding what an invention is and what is not.
3．To learn how the information is organized.
4．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.
5．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about inventors and inventions.
Process and methods
1．While doing Warming Up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by showing students some pictures of inventors and inventions，introduce some technical terms concerning inventors and inventions and develop students' understanding of what an invention is.
2．During Pre-reading the teacher can go around the classroom and discuss the questions with several students.This discussion should be student-centered and arouse students' interest in inventors and inventions.The teacher should also ask the students some questions and try to let them have a general knowledge of inventors and inventions.
3．While doing Reading and Comprehending，the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea of each paragraph.After detailed reading of the passage，students are encouraged to answer some questions and discuss the text structure.
4．To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to retell the text in their own words at the end of the class.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To stimulate students to love science.
2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
教学重点、难点
1．To enable the students to learn about inventors and inventions and to develop their reading ability.
2．To enable the students to talk about inventions.
教学过程
Step 1Warming up
1．Warming up by looking and talking
Show the following pictures to the students and let them know which pictures show inventions and which show discoveries and talk about them.
Ask the students to look at the pictures above and decide which are inventions and which are discoveries.Then ask the students to work with their partners and try to make a list of inventions and discoveries.At last ask them if they know any other inventions and discoveries（such as a car，an ancient tomb and so on）and try to talk about them.
（Some new words：patent，product，powder，set about，abrupt，seize，merry，caution，valid...）
2．Warming up by reading a passage.
New Four Great Inventions in China
China's new “Four Great Inventions” were recently announced，with hybrid rice（杂交水稻），Chinese character laser printing（汉字激光照排），synthetic bovine insulin（人工合成结晶胰岛素），and artemether compound tablets（复方蒿甲醚片）against malaria making the cut，Xinhua reported.
According to Zhou Zhaolong，deputy director-general of southern China's Guangdong Association of Invention，one of the co-sponsors of the selection，China's “New Four Great Inventions” were voted for by both the public and experts in line with the requirements that they be creative and original，have worldwide significance and have a big social impact.60 percent of the votes were cast online，while 40 percent were taken from experts.
On top of the list is hybrid rice，which was first developed in 1973 by Chinese scientist Yuan Longping，thereafter called the “Father of Hybrid Rice”．The new breed has enabled China，with its immense population but comparatively limited area of arable land，to solve its long standing food problem and contribute a great deal to the world food industry.
Another major breakthrough，the techniques for Chinese character laser printing，was developed by late scientist Wang Xuan，known as “Bi Sh eng，Father of Printing in Modern Times ”．First introduced to newspaper printing in December 1987，his techniques brought about a revolution in the printing and publishing industries.Allowing China's printing industry to bid farewell to its age of clay and lead printing，since being adopted Chinese laser printing has increased the efficiency of domestic printing，promoted the spread of Chinese culture，and had a far-reaching impact on the printing industries of other countries，including South Korea and Japan.
Also，synthetic bovine insulin，which was fully developed in 1965 following 6 years of hard work by a group of Chinese scientists，was the first case of human beings synthesizing live proteins.The success made it possible for Chinese scientists to deflate the traditional concept that said synthetic live proteins were by definition impossible as life stems from nature.Synthetic bovine insulin marked a significant breakthrough in the field of life science and has substantially influenced human endeavors in finding out the secrets of life.
Finally，artemether compound tablets，which were first developed in the mid-1980s by Chinese scientists，have proved to be the most effective anti-malaria medicine worldwide.With their brand-new chemical structure first discovered by Chinese，they are often compared to “Atom Bombs”，a milestone in the history of man's fight against malaria.
Step 2Pre-reading
Ask students if they know the stages every inventor must go through before they can have their invention approved.Encourage them to talk about it and look at the list on Page 19 to work out a
suitable order.
Suggested answers：1．Finding a problem 2．Doing research 3．Thinking of a creative solution 4．Testing solution 5．Deciding on the invention 6．Applying for a patent Step 3Reading and comprehending
1．Fast-reading：Ask students to skim the passage so as to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph and answer the question：What's the main idea of the text?
________________________________________________________________________ Suggested answer：This text is mainly to introduce the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent.
2．Read the passage carefully，divide the passage into 4 parts and match the main idea of each part.
Part 1（Paragraph ______）（1）the research on the approaches to solve the problem Part 2（Paragraphs ______）（2）the attempts to catch the snakes
Part 3（Paragraphs ______）（3）the requirements of getting a patent
Part 4（Paragraphs ______）（4）the discovery of the problem of the snakes
Suggested answers：Part 1（Paragraph 1）（4）Part 2（Paragraphs 2-3）（1）Part 3（Paragraphs 4-6）（2）Part 4（Paragraphs 7-8）（3）
3．Ask students to scan for detailed information and choose the best answer.
（1）The biggest advantage of the writer's new idea is that ______.
A．it makes the snakes move slowly
B．it makes the snakes hardly bite us
C．it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves
D．it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them
（2）How did the snakes react in the first attempt？______
A．They escaped immediately. B．They bit the writer.
C．They were very sleepy. D．They had no reaction.
（3）In which order did the writer carry out the process of cooling the snakes?
a．Took the bowl from the ice-cream maker.
b．Placed the frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat.
c．Prepared some ice-cubes to keep the bowl cool.
d．Covered the bowl with a bucket and left everything overnight.
e．Froze the bowl.
A．a-e-b-c-d B．e-c-b-d-a
C．e-a-c-d-b D．a-e-c-b-d
（4）How did the writer catch the snakes?
A．Using something the snakes were interested in to attract them into a trap.
B．Taking their habitat to another place.
C．Placing the snakes at a low temperature for them to sleep and then caught them.
D．All the above.
（5）According to the last paragraph，the criteria for a patent include the following items except ______.
A．your product needs to be something smart that helps to make people's life easier and better B．your invention proves to be a copy from others' product
C．a new way to make dirty water clean
D．the product you make needs to be really different from everybody else's
Suggested answers：（1）D （2）A （3）D （4）C （5）B
4．Read the text carefully and then decide whether the following statements are true or false.
（1）I bought an ice-cream maker made of aluminum.（）
（2）The snakes are too big for me to handle.（）
（3）The snakes are poisonous.（）
（4）The snakes are finally sent to the zoo.（）
（5）People who produced a new type of plant have the qualification to get a patent.（）（6）A patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply.（）
Suggested answers：（1）F （2）F （3）T （4）F （5）F （6）F
Step 4Language study
Deal with language problems if any（words or sentences students might not understand）to help the students to have a better understanding of the text.
Step 5Listening，reading aloud and underlining
Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them down in their notebooks after class as homework.
Collocations：call up，now and then，set about，apply for a patent，in the expectation，seize the opportunity to do，distinguish oneself...
Step 6Structure analyzing
After reading，ask students to discuss the text structure.
Keys for reference：
The aim of this passage is two-fold.It is to describe an invention so that students can identify its stages.But it is also to show that inventions are not necessarily important enough to make a lot of money.It mainly introduces the problem of the snakes that needed to be solved.It is the writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent.It includes the discovery of the problem of the snakes，the research on the approaches to solving the problem，the attempts to catch the snakes and the requirements of getting a patent.
Step 7Retelling
Ask students to talk about the stages in the inventing process in their own words.Give them some key words on the blackboard.Then let them try to retell the passage.
Keys for reference：
My mother wanted me to get rid of the snakes that were in our courtyard.The snakes must be removed but not harmed.I did some research and looked for methods of removal and the habits of snakes.I thought of a creative solution.There were three possible approaches and I chose the last one.I tested the solution several times and tried three times to make it work efficiently.At last，I filled in the form and filed patent application with the Patent Office.
Step 8Homework
1．Learn the useful new words and expressions in this period by heart.
2．Try to find more pictures of inventions and talk about them.
Step 9Reflection after teaching
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。