新教材人教版选择性必修第三册Unit2 Healthy Lifestyle单词短语句型语法提炼汇总

Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle
independent adj. 独立的；自主的
independence n．独立；自主
make one's own decision做自己的决定
unchecked adj.不加约束的；放任的
lead to导致
become involved in使卷入；使陷入
tobacco n. 烟草；烟叶
alcohol n. 酒；酒精
abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂
v t.滥用；虐待；辱骂
physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的dominate v t.&v i. 支配；控制；占有优势
essential adj.必要的；必不可少的
recognise v t.认出；辨认；承认
appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的
attempt n. 尝试；试图；企图
philosophy n．哲学
repeatedly ad v. 重复地
sum n．总和；金额
automatic adj. 自动的
form v t. 形式；组成
psychology n. 心理学；心理；心理影响
cue n. 提示；暗示；信号
v t. 给(某人)暗示(或提示)
signal n．信号
v t.发信号
routine n．常规；日常规范
in response to回答；答复
reward n．回报；奖励；报酬
v t. 奖励；奖赏；给予回报
snack n．零食
rely on 依赖；依靠；信赖
facilitate v t. 促进；促使；使便利
examine v t. (仔细)检查；审查；测验
adapt v t. 使适应
replace v t.代替；取代
replace...with...用……代替……
negative adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的
rather than而不是
aside from除……以外
escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯
straight away 立即；立刻
pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
give up放弃
Lao Zi老子，姓李名耳，字聃，又字伯阳。

春秋末期人，生卒年不详，大约出生于公元前571年春秋晚期陈(后入楚)国苦县(古县名)。

中国古代思想家、哲学家、文学家和史学家，道家学派创始人和主要代表人物。

after all毕竟；终究；别忘了
delete v t.删除
Focuses on Language Points
1．alcoholic adj. 含酒精的；饮酒引起的→alcohol n. 酒；酒精
2．physics n．物理；物理学→physical adj. 身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生
3．repeat v．重复；重说；重做；重新推出；再次发生→repeated adj. 重复的；重复发生的→repeatedly ad v. 重复地
4．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬v t.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj. 值得做的；有益的；报酬高的
5．examine v t. (仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．审查；考察；检查；测验
6．pessimism n．悲观；悲观主义→pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的
7．compose v t.&v i. 组成；作曲；撰写→composer n．作曲家
abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂v t.滥用；虐待；辱骂
①He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 滥用
②She suffered years of physical abuse. 虐待
③The referee had been threatened and abused. 辱骂
Words and Phrases
1abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
[教材原句P14] For example，some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse，which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
例如，有些青少年会沉溺于烟酒不能自拔，造成生理和心理健康问题。

[例1]What went on here was an abuse of power.
这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。

[例2]He turned round and directed a torrent of abuse at me.
他转过身来冲我劈头盖脸地骂了一通。

[造句] 所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。

All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.
[知识拓展]
abuse one's power滥用某人的权利
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒
scream/shout abuse 高声谩骂/大声辱骂
child abuse 虐待儿童
social abuse 社会弊端
[教材原句P14] Secondly，there is a “routine”，the regular action you take in response to the cue.
其次，有一个“常规”，即你根据提示采取的常规行动。

[例1]The quick recovery was truly in response to medication.
这次迅速康复确实是对药物治疗的反应。

[例2]His letter in response to her request had contained a firm refusal.
对于她的请求他在信中给予了坚决的回绝。

[造句] 这些变化是应我们顾客提出的要求而做出的。

The changes are in response to demand from our customers.
[教材原句P14] Thirdly，there is the “reward”，the good thing or feeling we get from the routine.
第三，有“奖励”，即我们从日常生活中得到的好处或感觉。

[例1]The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
这位年老的女士给为她找到猫的人提供50美元的奖赏！
[例2]She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus.
她因自己所做的努力而得到一笔奖金。

[造句] 他们辛苦了一天，得好好酬劳一下。

We should reward them generously for a hard day's work.
[教材原句P15] The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle，and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.
奖励让我们更有可能继续这个循环，依赖不健康零食的坏习惯也就形成了。

[例1]We had to rely on a compass and a lot of luck to get here.
我们不得不依靠指南针和不错的运气到达这儿。

[例2]Don't rely on his ideas，be your own master.
你别总是仰承他的意见，要有自己的主见。

[造句] 我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。

I don't know if I can rely on him，but I'm willing to take a gamble.
[教材原句P15] To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits，we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
想要促使不良习惯朝着积极的方向变化，我们首先必须审视、调整我们的习惯环。

[例1]These ideas will be examined in more detail in Chapter 10.
这些观点将在第10章作更为详细的探讨。

[例2]The goods were examined for damage on arrival.
货物到达时检查是否有破损。

[造句] 期末时学生须参加所有学科的考试。

The students will be examined in all subjects at the end of term.
[教材原句P15]...and if we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.
……如果我们不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观而放弃。

[例1]I told him straight away what I thought of the matter.
我毫不迟疑地把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。

[例2]Let's go to the meeting straight away!
我们马上开会吧！
[造句] 我建议你立即打电话给她。

I suggest you give her a call straight away.
[教材原句P15]...you have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes.
……你必须考虑你的坏习惯并决定一些改变。

[例1]After leaving university，Therese decided on a career in publishing.
大学毕业后，特蕾泽决定从事出版行业。

[例2]We're still trying to decide on a venue.
我们仍然尽力选定一个会场。

[造句] 我已经是个成年人了，我应该决定自己的生活。

I am already an adult，so I should decide on my own life.
[教材原句P16] We need to make up our minds and show some discipline，and make small changes over time.
我们需要下定决心，表现出一些纪律性，并随着时间的推移做出一些小的改变。

[例1]Once she has made up her mind，nothing can change it.
她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。

[例2]It is early days yet to make up our minds.
我们要下决心现在还为时过早。

[造句] 我们决心在天黑前完成工作。

We have made up our minds to finish the work before dark.
[教材原句P16] Life is composed of many elements，such as family，friends，study，work，entertainment and so on.
生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、工作、娱乐等等。

[例1]Ten men compose the committee.
委员会由十人组成。

[例2]Mozart composed his last opera shortly before he died.
莫扎特在创作出他最后一部歌剧后不久便去世了。

[造句] 她写了一封抗议信。

She composed a letter of protest.
[教材原句P17]It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.
昨晚用喧闹的音乐打扰邻居是不礼貌的。

[例1]I'm sorry to disturb you，but can I talk to you for a moment?
对不起，打扰你一下，我能跟你谈一会儿吗？
[例2]Don't disturb the papers on my desk.
别把我写字台上的文件弄乱了。

[造句] 这封信使我感到震惊和不安。

The letter shocked and disturbed me.
[教材原句P20]This stimulated my motivation.
这激发了我的动力。

[例1]The article can be used to stimulate discussion among students.
这篇文章可用来活跃学生的讨论。

[例2]Parents should give children books that stimulate them.
父母应给孩子能启发他们的书。

[造句] 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。

The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.
[教材原句P20]After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games.
高中毕业后，我觉得压力很大，总是玩电脑游戏来放松自己。

[例1]And don't stress out about shifting back the time you go to sleep.
就算你的睡眠时间回调了也不要担心。

[例2]Driving in cities really stresses me (out)．
在城市里开车让我真的很紧张。

[造句] 但你不必为期末考试而倍感压力。

But you don't have to stress out about final exams.
[教材原句P20] I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night.
我全神贯注，没日没夜地玩游戏。

[例1]The cream is easily absorbed into the skin.
这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。

[例2]It's hard to absorb so much information.
要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。

[例3]This work had absorbed him for several years.
这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。

[造句] 黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热。

Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.
[教材原句P20] I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new friends.
爬山使我精神焕发，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，结识新朋友。

[例1]He refreshed himself with a cool shower.
他冲了个凉水澡凉快凉快。

[例2]The lotion cools and refreshes the skin.
润肤液使皮肤凉爽清新。

[造句] 这一页我已经反复刷新了几次，但是仍未见到任何评论。

I've refreshed the page a few times and still see no comments.
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1状语从句的省略
[教材原句P14]These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
这些坏习惯如果不加以控制，成年后可能会导致更严重的坏习惯。

句式分析：if left unchecked是if they are left unchecked的省略形式；if条件句中如果从句主语和句子主语一致，可以直接跟分词形式。

[例1]If asked，I would say that I belong to the generation of hope.
如果被问到，我会说我属于希望的一代。

[例2]If invited to a wedding，you will receive an invitation six to eight weeks before the event.
如果有人邀请你参加婚礼，你会在婚礼之前六到八个星期收到请帖。

[造句] 如果故事讲得好的话，它会彰显你的个性和背景。

If told properly，stories should reveal a lot of facts about your personality and background.
rather than 连接并列谓语
[教材原句P15]So，when we feel unhappy again (cue)，rather than eat snacks，we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine)...
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我们可以听一些我们最喜欢的音乐来代替(常规)……
句式分析：句中的rather than连接并列谓语，listen to和eat。

[例1]Much of the food pleases rather than excites.
这些食物中许多只是让人满意，但并不让人兴奋。

[例2]He decided to write rather than telephone.
他决定写信，不打电话。

[造句] 我们尽快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。

Let's get it over with as soon as possible，rather than drag it out.
[知识拓展]
(1)rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。

它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿意做……
(2) rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。

(3)A rather than B作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。

Discovering Useful Structures
不定式作主语
【观察例句】
1．To say is one thing and to do is another.
2．It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.
3．It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort. 4．It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time.
【归纳用法】
1．把不定式置于句首。

如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。

To make a plan first is a good idea.
首先制定好计划是个好主意。

2．用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。

如：(1)It＋be＋名词＋to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
照顾好老人是我们的责任。

(2)It takes sb.＋some time＋to do
How long did it take you to finish the work?
你花了多少时间来完成这项工作？
(3)It＋be＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
我们难以在15分钟内完成这篇作文。

(4)It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
省钱似乎不可能。

(5)It ＋不定式结构可位于believe/consider/discover/expect/
find/think和wonder之后
He thought it would be safer to go by train.
他认为乘火车比较安全。

(6)不定式的完成式也可作句子的主语
To have made the same mistake twice was unforgivable.
犯同样的错误两次是不可原谅的。

It is better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all.
爱过之后失去了爱，比从未爱过要好。

3．不定式和动名词作主语的区别
(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。

Smoking is prohibited here.
这里禁止抽烟。

(抽象)
It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(具体)
(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.
爬山很有趣。

(经验)
To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。

(具体)。