英语试题

(A卷)共12 页第2 页Part II Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section A (15 points)Directions: Choose the best answer for each of the questions or statements in the three passages below.Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited as there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in the 1810s a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed cooking-and-sealing process of canning. And in the 1850s, an American named Gail Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By the 1880s, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering (焊接) machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate —suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables (易坏之物) great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890s, northern city dwellers (居民) could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of the icebox enabled families to store perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870s and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture (固定家具) in most homesand remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920s and1930s.Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches (淀粉) or carbohydrates (碳水化合物；糖类), and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare (饮食).31. During the 1860s, canned food products were _____.A) unavailable in rural areasB) shipped in refrigerator carsC) available in limited quantitiesD) a staple part of the American diet32. It can be inferred that railroad refrigerator cars came into use _____.A) before 1860 B) before 1890C) after 1900 D) after 192033. The author implies that in the 1920’s home deliveries of ice _____.A) decreased in number B) were on an irregular scheduleC) increased in cost D) occurred only in the summer34. Which of the following type of food preservation was NOT mentioned inthe passageA) drying B) canning C) cold storage D) chemical additives35. What does the passage mainly discussA) Causes of food spoilage.B) Commercial production of ice.C) Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.D) Population movements in the nineteenth century.Passage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Most people think of a camel as an obedient beast of burden, because it is best known for its ability to carry heavy loads across vast stretches of desert without requiring water. In reality, the camel is considerably more than just the Arabian equivalent of the mule. It also possesses a great amount of intelligence and sensitivity.The Arabs assert (断言) that camels are so acutely aware of injustice and ill treatment that a camel owner who punishes one of the beasts too harshly finds it difficult to escape the camel’s vengeance (复仇). Apparently, the animal will remember an injury and wait for an opportunity to get revenge.In order to protect themselves from the vengeful beasts, Arabian camel drivers have learned to trick their camels into believing they have achieved revenge. When an Arabian realizes that he has excited a camel’s rage, he places his own garments on the ground in the animal’s path. He arranges the clothing so that it appears to cover a man’s body. When the camel recognizes its master’s clothing on the ground, it seizes the pile with its teeth, shakes the garments violently and tramples on them in a rage. Eventually, after its anger has died away, the camel departs, assuming its revenge is complete. Only then does the owner of the garments come out of hiding, safe for the time being, thanks to this clever ruse (策略).36. Which of the following is mentioned in the passageA) The camel never drinks water. B) The camel is always violent.C) The camel is very sensitive. D) The camel is rarely used anymore.37. It is implied in the passage that _______.A) the mule is a stupid and insensitive animalB) the mule is as intelligent as the camelC) the mule is an animal widely used in the desertD) the mule is a vengeful animal38. From this passage we can conclude that ______.A) camels are generally vicious towards their ownersB) camels usually treat their owners wellC) camels don’t see very wellD) camels try to punish people who abuse them39. The writer makes the camel’s vengeful behavior clearer to the reader bypresenting ______.A) a well-planned argument B) a large variety of examplesC) some eyewitness accounts D) a typical incident40. The main idea of the passage is that ______.A) camels can be as intelligent as their driversB) camels are sensitive to injustice and will seek revenge on those whoharm themC) camel drivers are often the targets of camel’s revengeD) camels are sensitive creatures that are aware of injusticePassage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.If women are mercilessly (无情地) exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability (耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy(易变) and instability Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability That is for you to decide.41. Designers and big stores always make money_______.A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB) because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC) by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothingD) because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing42. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seenas ________.A) a waste of money B) a waste of timeC) an expression of taste D) an expression of creativity43. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress onthe _______ of clothing.A) cost B) appearance C) comfort D) suitability44. New fashions in clothing are created for ________.A) the commercial exploitation of womenB) the women's strength of characterC) basic qualities of inconstancy and instabilityD) an important contribution to society45. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious” (Line One, ParagraphFour) the writer means that________.A) women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atB) women are better able to put up with discomfortC) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD) men are more reasonable in the matter of fashionSection B: Word Selection (10 Points)Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select words or expressions for each blank from a list of choices given ina word bank following the passage. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on the Answersheet. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Sometimes computer users are helping the hacker __46__. Most people do not use 47 methods to protect personal information because most people think they have very little a hacker might want.So, they often use their birthday as a PIN code to __48__ bank accounts,60. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspectsof urban planning.A) performs B) embraces C) grips D) inserts61. Can you give even the ____ clue as to where his son might beA) simplest B) slightest C) least D) utmost62. I’d like to speak to you if you can _______ me a minute or two.A) spare B) share C) save D) spend63. Computer _______ affects the health of your computer just like itsbiological counterpart makes you sick.A) symptom B) virus C) gene D) therapy64. The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may leadto cancer have been _____.A) identified B) guaranteed C) notified D) conveyed65. I guess John didn’t have a chance to win the election. Almost all of thepeople in the city _______ for his opponent.A) elected B) voted C) selected D) chose66. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually _____it in a profitable direction.A) adapt B) control C) install D) steer67. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _____ furtherresearch and further thinking about a particular topic.A) arouse B) renovate C) stimulate D) advocate68. When the boiler ______, many people were injured.A) exploded B) exploited C) explored D) explained69. Their long struggle ______ failure.A) ended off B) ended up C) ended with D) ended in70. In addition to the rising birthrate and immigration, the _____ death ratecontributed to the population growth.A) inclining B) declining C) increasing D) descending71. The artist rented a large dirty attic, which he _________ into a studio.A) transferred B) modified C) transformed D) renewed72. He was ______ that none of his children would be denied an education.A) amounted B) acquired C) disposed D) determined73. The company ______ that their products make you thin without dieting.A) confirms B) contains C) claims D) classifies74. It was ______ that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.A) identified B) perceived C) observed D) associated75. Logan made a speech ______ the need for more volunteers.A) sympathizing B) emphasizing C) suspending D) attaching76. The regulations can only be ______ by a special committee.A) modified B) converted C) classified D) exchanged77. She loved her husband and always ______ him in front of their children.A) defended B) offended C) relieved D) threatened78. ______ all her friends and our relatives agree, mother is warm-hearted,loving and generous.A) That B) As C) Which D) What79. The couple has endured so many emotional and financial ______ that it isamazing their marriage has lasted.A) emergencies B) crises C) risks D) cases80. I should like to thank you all ______ my colleagues and myself.A) for the benefit of B) in honor ofC) for the sake of D) on behalf ofPart IV Translation(10 points)Directions:Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese given in brackets into English.81. He was intelligent and hard working and __________________________(不久他就接管了杂志的编辑工作).82. This agreement __________________________________ (将冲破对自由贸易设置的障碍).83. __________________________________ (两个公司之间的对话完全破裂了) because neither of them wanted to give in.84. Don’t you hate it ___________________________________ (你话没说完别人就挂断电话)85. The worry comes when paper-mills _____________________________ (为了追求利润而置环境问题于不顾).Part V Composition (10 points):Directions: In this part, you’re required to write a paragraph of around 80 words. The paragraph should be centered on the following topic sentence.Sports can improve our physical health, but people love sports for different reasons.授课教师命题教师或命题负责人签字年月日院系负责人签字年月日。