湖北省黄冈市区2014高考英语阅读理解3月联合训练题(15)及答案[ 高考]

湖北省黄冈市区2014高考英语阅读理解3月联合训练题（15）及答案
【2013界广东省深圳市高三上期末考试】
A little girl in my family got a typewriter for Christmas. Not a laptop. Nothing with a screen. The old-fashioned manual kind.
Typewriters had pretty much gone the way of dodo birds quite some years before my granddaughter was born. But it was the typewriter used by a journalist in the movie “Kit Kittredge: An American Girl” that attracted her.
Or maybe it was the way the typewriter was used. In the movie, Kit does old-fashioned journalism and writes stories that help right a wrong. In a challenging environment she keeps her wits — and a strong sense of ethics (道德) — about her.
However, another reporter, Chuck Tatum in “Ace in the Hole” is totally different. He tells an editor, “If there’s no news, I’ll go out and bite a dog.” Later, referring to a sign in the newsroom that reads “Tell the Truth,” Tatum acknowledges some guilt. But, “Not enough to stop me on my way to the top.”
In both movies, the journalists use typewriters. It’s what they do with them that makes the difference. And today, it’s what we do with our hardware —the journalism we produce —that makes the difference.
Typewriters have long since given way to laptops, camera phones and video phones. But here at Thomson Reuters (路透社), and in the media as a whole, the need for a strong sense of ethics has never been more necessary.
To me, at the heart of ethics are the preservation (保持) of honesty, independence and freedom from prejudice. It means ethics and standards are compatible with innovation (革新). In fact, they have to go hand in hand. There’s a lot of room for innovation here, but there’s no room for a Chuck Tatum, who would do anything to get to the top.
In about 2020, my granddaughter will probably be using technology that hasn’t been developed yet to work on her school “newspaper”. She won’t be using her typewriter but she will, I hope, be using what she’s learned from the journalists of this generation. It’s up to us to set the right example.
41. What does Chuck Tatum mea n by saying “bite a dog”?
A. He tries all sorts of tricks to achieve his goal.
B. He acknowledges his guilt of telling lies.
C. He attracts people’s attention in the street.
D. He becomes mad because there’s no news.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

由“Not enough to stop me on my way to the top.”可知Chuck Tatum会尝试各种手段去达到自己的目标。

42. According to the author, really good journalists are those who __________.
A. are crazy about the work like Chuck Tatum
B. can take whatever means to attract the public
C. are honest, independent and free from prejudice
D. were living in the time when typewriters were used.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

前面通过比较Kit Kittredge和Chuck Tatum，可以看出一个真正的记者需要有强烈的道德观，结合倒数第二段“at the heart of ethics are the preservation (保持) of honesty, independence and freedom from prejudice.”可知真正的好记者是诚实，独立并且没有偏见的。

故选C。

43. The passage may imply that __________.
A. Dodo birds are still living on the earth.
B. Thomson Reuters will not employ a journalist like Chuck Tatum
C. Typewriters are more popular to the journalists than laptops
D. what matters is that journalists should use their new-fashioned hardware
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

由“But here at Thomson Reuters (路透社), and in the media as a whole, the need for a strong sense of ethics has never been more necessary.”以及前面对Chuck Tatum不择手段获取目标的描述，可知路透社不会雇佣像Chuck Tatum一样的记者。

故本题选B。

44. The purpose of the passage is __________.
A. to advocate the sense of ethics in journalism
B. to criticize the lack of ethics among journalists
C. to ask adults to set a good example for the young
D. to encourage more people to work on newspapers
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

由“It means ethics and standards are compatible with innovation (革新).”和“I hope, be using what she’s learned from the journalists of this generation.”可知本文的目的是提倡新闻界的道德观。

故选A。

45. Who are the intended readers of the passage?
A. People in general.
B. Fans of American films.
C. Children like his granddaughter.
D. The journalists of this generation.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。

本文通过打字机引出两位不同新闻工作者的对比，说明道德观的重要性。

所以它的目标读者应该是这一代的新闻工作者。

Passage Seventeen (A Strong Stock Market)
The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. We continue to believe that this could be the case. For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced. If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’s earnings. We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. If the public’s
attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. A Time to Sell Stock. . A Strong Stock Market
[C]. Raising the Margin Rate [C]. Price/earnings Ratio in Steel
2. When investors are pessimistic what do they do?
[A]. They look to the FRB for help. . They buy steel
[C]. They buy automobile stocks. [D]. They look for high yields.
3. Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?
[A]. Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio.
. Because the activity had been limited to blue chips.
[C]. Because the rise was conservative.
[D]. Because of the FRB action.
4. When investors are optimistic, what do they do?
[A]. They look for accelerated growth. . They buy speciality stocks.
[C]. They look for high yields. [C]. They are more prudent.
Vocabulary
1. margin rate 保证金率，边际比率
2. rampant 无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的
3. stem 遏制
4. stem from 滋长，源自
5. underpin 加强……基础，支持
6. underpinning 支持物，基础（建筑物下的）
7. preoccupy 先占，使专心于，吸引住
8. undue 过分的，非法的，不适当的
9. interim 间歇；暂时的，间歇的
10. guideline 方针，指导路线
11. underscore 在……下面划线，强调
12. point up 加强，强调
13. bluechip 兰筹股票
14. blue-chip 兰筹的
15. outperform 在使用上胜过
16. overprice 将……标价过高
17. numerical ratio 数率，数字比率
18. earnings 收益，利润，收入
19. contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论
20. premium 佣金，酬金
难句译注
1. The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.
[结构简析] 是not…but句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+N+participle 短语
[参考译文] 保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众非常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲。

2. Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism.
[结构简析] 复合句。

中间有插入语if clause, 进一步说明条件。

[参考译文] 显然，不可能保证这种情况再次出现（情况再是这样）。

可是，如果历史具有指导方针的话——如果商业和公司的利润仍然保持在同样轨道上——那么对股市前景乐观似乎要比悲观更精确些。

3. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise
was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.
[结构简析] 这句句子内有四个that clause：第一个that是good rise的定语从句。

第二个和第三个that都是the fact that句型。

但第二个the fact that中，as long as it was, 指头一年，pointed up是谓语。

第四个是in that连词，义：因为。

写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“强劲证券市场”的种种情况。

首先是联邦储备委员会为保持强股市基础要求保证金率增长。

这种增长过去，现在，将来都能巩固强市。

其次由于绝大部分集中在兰筹股上，使股市看好上升趋于保守，引出行业股比普通股吃香。

最后是投资者心情和股市强弱有关。

答案祥解
1. B. 强劲证券市场（强市）。

见难句译注1和第一段第三句：“那种保证金率的增长有力的巩固了强劲证券市场。

从19……年起，这种增长导致一年来股市屡创新高。

A. 买出股票的时候。

C. 提高保证金率。

D. 钢的市盈率。

这三项都不对，它们只是文中涉及的方面。

2. D. 他寻找高业绩（即公司的产量或投资收益）。

见文章倒数第三句：“当投资者——公众和团体机构——紧张而又悲观时，他们肯定在买进股票上举棋不定；他们寻求低价格/利润倍数和高额利润。

A. 他们寻求联邦储备委员会的帮助。

B. 他们买进钢材。

C. 他们买进汽车股票。

3. A. 因为在决定定价/利润比上难以分析。

见第二段第二句：“在过去的投资保证上我们一直表达了这样的思想：行业股票在使用上可能超过普通股。

我们依然相信情况可能就是这样。

举例说：钢股往往在一定价格/利润比上抛出。

低于一定比率，可认为股是好价值，而高于一定比率就是超价。

如果一个公司就生产独一无二的产品，那市场分析就很难对公司所得定出数比。

“
B. 因为股市活动受兰筹股所限。

C. 因为行情上升保守。

这两项见难句译注3。

D. 由于联邦储备基金会的行动。

4. A. 他们寻求加速的增长。

见文章倒数第二句：“同样是这些股民，当投资者（对股市前景）持乐观态度时，他们不太关注（公司的）业绩（产值）而愿意以高价来购买具有高成长性的股票。

”
【2013界广东省茂名市一模】B
Until last summer I had a very comfortable life: winter vacations skiing and summer cruises. My parents spent a lot of money on a private school, so they could get me into a competitive middle school. Everything was about tomorrow, next year, my graduation. We never had to worry about today.
Before last summer I never thought much about the people in the world who live day to day, every day, whose lives are controlled by poverty and hunger. Then I enrolled in a two-week intensive program. We lived in a “Tribal Village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in Arkansas, a state of the south-central United States. I am a tribal member in Mozambique, a country of southeast Africa. Every meal, I make the fire for my family, and feel the flames lick up my nostrils as I blow to keep the fuel alive. I cook mush with vegetables. This is all my family is ever given.
I feed the hen and three rabbits their dinner. I grow attached to the rabbits, even though I know I shouldn’t. I name them. I’m not getting enough to eat; it’s time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. I feel pain but it’s a privileged child’s pain because I kno w I will soon be eating again. That’s not true for a lot of other children around the world.
Growing up comfortably in the U.S., I’ve never had to worry about my dinner, and even though this whole process was only a simulation, it changed my life. Now I believe in doing whatever I can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger.
So I’ve become president of Roots and Shoots, a group working to improve local environments for people and animals. I’m also working to create a program at my high school called the “Safe Passage” trip to help young people in the Guatemala City dump. And I’ve got plans to do more.
I'm often thinking of laboring in the hot sun and the millions who still do. Now, I try to live for today and stop worrying so much about the future. When I eat or feel full, I am grateful for this fortunate life and want to extend the same feeling to others.
I believe in offering help to those who need it.
31. What is true about the author before last summer?
A. Her life was under great pressure.
B. Her life was well-planned.
C. She didn’t have to worry about the future.
D. She had to worry about her dinner
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Until last summer I had a very comfortable life因为父母已经给作者安排好了一切，故选B。

32.We can learn from the second paragraph that _______________.
A. the author raised some rabbits as pets
B. the author took part in a two-week program in Africa
C. the author had a very difficult life in the “Tribal Village”
D. the author never thought about poor people after the program
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据We lived i n a “Tribal Village,” in a hot, dry open grassland in Arkansas, a state of the south-central United States.作者在Tribal Village过着非常艰难的一段时间，故选C。

33. The author feel pain because ____________ .
A. she is a privileged child
B. she is not getting enough to eat
C. she doesn’t want to kill the rabbits
D. she can’t go back to her regular life
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。

根据it’s time to decide whether or not to kill the rabbits. I feel pain but it’s a privileged child’s pain because I know I will soon be eating again.因为作者不想杀死这些兔子，故选C。

34. What does the underlined word “simulation” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?
A. Reality
B. Experience
C. Imagination
D. Imitation
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。

根据第二自然段的内容可知作者是在Tribal Village体验生活，所以即使这种生活是一种仿制的（Imitation），但是也改变了作者，故选D。

35. What infl uence did the author’s experience in the “Tribal Village” have on her?
A. It gave birth to a belief in helping others.
B. It taught her to be grateful to her parents.
C. It has made her life more comfortable.
D. It inspired her to start two groups to help others.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。

根据Now I believe in doing whatever I can to help find practical ways to defeat hunger.使她坚信以后要多帮助别人，故选A。