奈达 Nida 功能对等
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He became a Christian at a young age, when he responded to the altar call at his church “to accept Christ as my Saviour.”
He graduated summa cum laude from the University of California in 1936.
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence 2. Literal Translation and Functional
Equivalence 3. Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
1986: From One Language to Another Main stand:
Language should be viewed as a semiotic phenomenon and analyzed in the social context
2. Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
年到1959年)
2. Communication theory of translation (交际理论阶段） (1959年到
1968年)
3. Sociosemiotics (社会符号学阶段） (1970年起)
Stage 1:Descriptive linguistics
(formative years of his ideas)
Eugene A. Nida
梁思研 NO.15 张颖欣 NO.32
Eugene Nida
Born Died Alma mater Occupation
wives
November 11, 1914 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
August 25, 2011 (aged 96) Brussels, Belgium
按译语规则重新组织原文)
iv. testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience (检验)
Stage 3: social semiotics
1975: Componential Analysis of Meaning(成分 分析法)
Four points in stage 2
Translation is a skill, an art and a science. Translating is a social communicative activity; language
should be analyzed in context. Dynamic equivalence: the translator should translate so that
Stage 2: communicative theory
(decisive period for Nida to establish his authority
status in the whole Western Translation circle)
1959: Principles of Translation as Exemplified by Bible Translating
The life of Eugene A. Nida
In that same year, Eugene Nida became interim pastor of Calvary Church of Santa Ana, California, after the founding pastor resigned in 1939.
The processes of translating
i. analysis of the source text(分析) ii. transfer from source to target language(传
译) iii. restructuring in the target language(重组,
1969: The Theory and Practice of Translating Other publications:
Message and Mission, 1960 Bible Translating and the Science of Linguistics Toward a Science of Translating, 1964
教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳（direct formal equivalence）
班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀（functional equivalence）
the effect of the translation on the target reader is roughly the same as the effect of the source text once was on the source reader. Four steps in translating: analyze, transfer, restructuring, testing
First put forward in1964． Emphasis: the functional equivalence of
information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Two kinds of equivalence
最高层次的对等(maximal equivalence) 最低层次对等”(minimal equivalence)
P6
Example:
to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim
翻译的定义 奈达对翻译所下的定义是:“翻译是在接受语中寻找和 原语信息尽可能接近的、自然的对等话语，首先是意 义上的对等，其次才是风格上的对等”。
Three stages of Nida’s translation
1. Descriptive linguistic theory of translation (描写语言学阶段） (1943
He was quickly promoted to Associate Secretary for Versions, then worked as Executive Secretary for Translations until his retirement.
Nida was instrumental in engineering the joint effort between the Vatican and the United Bible Societies (UBS) to produce cross-denominational Bibles in translations across the globe.
After graduating he attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught.
In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939
This work began in 1968 and was carried on in accordance with Nida's translation principle of Functional Equivalence.
The translation features of Eugene A.Nida
Definition of Translation
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message，first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
He died in Madrid on August 25, 2011 aged 96.
The career of Eugene Nida
In 1943, Nida began his career as a linguist with the American Bible Society (ABS)
1943: A Synopsis(大纲) of English Syntax(句法)
1959: Principles of Translation as Exemplified(举例证明) by
Bible Translating Research focus: Syntax and Morphology(词法) Greatly influenced by structuralism(结构主义); Emphasize on the collection and analyze of corpus(文集); Descriptive attitude toward language differences; 5 years earlier than transformational generative grammar
University of Michigan Linguist
Althea Sprague ( 1943–1993) Dr. Elena Fernandez (1997 to 2011)
The life of Eugene A. Nida
Nida was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on November 11, 1914 and died on August 25, 2011
In 1943, Nida received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan, he was ordained as a Baptist minister, and he married Althea Lucille Sprague. The couple remained married until Althea Sprague Nida's death in 1993.
In 1997, Nida married Dr. María Elena Fernandeห้องสมุดไป่ตู้-Miranda, a lawyer and diplomatic attache.
Nida retired in the early 1980s, although he kept on giving lectures in universities all around the world, and lived in Madrid, Spain and Brussels, Belgium.
He graduated summa cum laude from the University of California in 1936.
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence 2. Literal Translation and Functional
Equivalence 3. Four Levels of Functional Equivalence
1. Conceptions of Functional Equivalence
1986: From One Language to Another Main stand:
Language should be viewed as a semiotic phenomenon and analyzed in the social context
2. Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory
年到1959年)
2. Communication theory of translation (交际理论阶段） (1959年到
1968年)
3. Sociosemiotics (社会符号学阶段） (1970年起)
Stage 1:Descriptive linguistics
(formative years of his ideas)
Eugene A. Nida
梁思研 NO.15 张颖欣 NO.32
Eugene Nida
Born Died Alma mater Occupation
wives
November 11, 1914 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
August 25, 2011 (aged 96) Brussels, Belgium
按译语规则重新组织原文)
iv. testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience (检验)
Stage 3: social semiotics
1975: Componential Analysis of Meaning(成分 分析法)
Four points in stage 2
Translation is a skill, an art and a science. Translating is a social communicative activity; language
should be analyzed in context. Dynamic equivalence: the translator should translate so that
Stage 2: communicative theory
(decisive period for Nida to establish his authority
status in the whole Western Translation circle)
1959: Principles of Translation as Exemplified by Bible Translating
The life of Eugene A. Nida
In that same year, Eugene Nida became interim pastor of Calvary Church of Santa Ana, California, after the founding pastor resigned in 1939.
The processes of translating
i. analysis of the source text(分析) ii. transfer from source to target language(传
译) iii. restructuring in the target language(重组,
1969: The Theory and Practice of Translating Other publications:
Message and Mission, 1960 Bible Translating and the Science of Linguistics Toward a Science of Translating, 1964
教祖母吸吃鸡蛋；教鱼游泳（direct formal equivalence）
班门弄斧；关公面前舞大刀（functional equivalence）
the effect of the translation on the target reader is roughly the same as the effect of the source text once was on the source reader. Four steps in translating: analyze, transfer, restructuring, testing
First put forward in1964． Emphasis: the functional equivalence of
information instead of the direct formal equivalence in translation The relationship between the target language receptor and the target text should generally be equivalent to that between the source language receptor and the source text
Two kinds of equivalence
最高层次的对等(maximal equivalence) 最低层次对等”(minimal equivalence)
P6
Example:
to teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs; to teach fish to swim
翻译的定义 奈达对翻译所下的定义是:“翻译是在接受语中寻找和 原语信息尽可能接近的、自然的对等话语，首先是意 义上的对等，其次才是风格上的对等”。
Three stages of Nida’s translation
1. Descriptive linguistic theory of translation (描写语言学阶段） (1943
He was quickly promoted to Associate Secretary for Versions, then worked as Executive Secretary for Translations until his retirement.
Nida was instrumental in engineering the joint effort between the Vatican and the United Bible Societies (UBS) to produce cross-denominational Bibles in translations across the globe.
After graduating he attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught.
In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939
This work began in 1968 and was carried on in accordance with Nida's translation principle of Functional Equivalence.
The translation features of Eugene A.Nida
Definition of Translation
Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message，first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
He died in Madrid on August 25, 2011 aged 96.
The career of Eugene Nida
In 1943, Nida began his career as a linguist with the American Bible Society (ABS)
1943: A Synopsis(大纲) of English Syntax(句法)
1959: Principles of Translation as Exemplified(举例证明) by
Bible Translating Research focus: Syntax and Morphology(词法) Greatly influenced by structuralism(结构主义); Emphasize on the collection and analyze of corpus(文集); Descriptive attitude toward language differences; 5 years earlier than transformational generative grammar
University of Michigan Linguist
Althea Sprague ( 1943–1993) Dr. Elena Fernandez (1997 to 2011)
The life of Eugene A. Nida
Nida was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on November 11, 1914 and died on August 25, 2011
In 1943, Nida received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan, he was ordained as a Baptist minister, and he married Althea Lucille Sprague. The couple remained married until Althea Sprague Nida's death in 1993.
In 1997, Nida married Dr. María Elena Fernandeห้องสมุดไป่ตู้-Miranda, a lawyer and diplomatic attache.
Nida retired in the early 1980s, although he kept on giving lectures in universities all around the world, and lived in Madrid, Spain and Brussels, Belgium.