铅酸蓄电池基本知识外文翻译

英文翻译
英文资料
A basic knowledge of lead-acid batteries
(A), the basic concepts of
1, the basic definition of
Energy can be changed in various forms of energy, one of them, the chemical energy into electrical energy conversion device called chemical batteries, the general referred to as batteries, battery cells and batteries are the original division.
Discharge can not be used after the manner of charging the internal regeneration of active substances called primary cells, also known as a one-time battery. Can be used after discharge rechargeable internal activity of the establishment of renewable material, the energy stored as chemical energy, the need to discharge the chemical energy to electrical energy is converted to the battery, called the battery, also known as secondary batteries.
(B), lead-acid batteries
1, the definition of
Lead-acid battery is a battery, the main feature is the use of dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte to do with lead dioxide and lead, respectively, velvet-like cells as a positive and negative battery acid.
2, classification
Battery plate according to the types of structure: there is the formation of style, painted cream and tubular batteries.
By the battery cover and the types of structure: there are open-type, exhaust type, anti-acid-type explosion-proof and sealed valve-regulated batteries.
Battery maintenance mode by Category: A general-type, low maintenance type, maintenance-free battery.
In accordance with the provisions of the relevant standard of China's battery products mainly include:
Starting batteries: mainly used in automobiles, tractors, ships, such as diesel engine start-up and lighting.
Fixed-type batteries: mainly used in telecommunications, power plants, computer systems as a means of protection, automatic control of the standby power.
Traction-type batteries: batteries mainly used in a variety of vehicles, forklifts, lift trucks, such as dynamic power.
Railway Battery: mainly used in railway locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger cars starting, lighting of the driving force.
Motorcycle Batteries: Motorcycle main specifications for a variety of start-up and lighting.
Mine used batteries: mainly used for electric locomotive traction power supply. Battery Energy Storage: mainly used in wind power, hydro-electric power energy storage.
3, the basic structure: lead-acid batteries are generated mainly by the following components:
1, hard-rubber trough 2, anode plate 3, cathode plates 4, partition 5, saddle 6, bus 7, rubber seal 8, the battery slot cover 9, to connect 10 most column 11, the exhaust bolt Positive and negative electrode
Plate lead-acid batteries, according to chemical structure and method of active substances can be divided into four categories: style pasted plate, tubular plate, into a plate-type, semi-chemical-type plate. Paste-type electrode coated by the grid and active material composition.Grid to support the role of active substances and conduction current, so that uniform current distribution. Material grid of
lead-antimony alloys in general, the use of maintenance-free lead-calcium alloy
batteries. Cathode active material mainly composed of lead dioxide, the main components of cathode active material for the velvet-like lead.
Partition
Battery separators are microporous rubber, fiberglass and other materials, its main role is to:
Positive and negative electrode to prevent short-circuit; to enable the smooth passage of the electrolyte anion Chiang Kai-shek. Slow positive and negative electrode active material of the loss, positive and negative plates to prevent damage due to vibration. Electrolyte
Battery electrolyte is an important part of its role is to conduction current and to participate in electrochemical reaction
By concentrated sulfuric acid electrolyte and purified water (deionized water) from the preparation, the purity and density of the electrolyte of the battery capacity and life expectancy have had a significant impact.
Battery shell, covered
Battery shells, cover the positive and negative electrode and electrolyte loading of containers, generally made of plastic and rubber materials.
Exhaust bolt
Exhaust bolt generally made of plastic material, the role of the battery from sealed to prevent air entry, to prevent electrode oxidation. At the same time, the battery can be recharged when the gas produced from the battery to avoid dangerous batteries. Before use: the need to bolt on the exhaust of the blind hole pierced with wire in order to ensure smooth gas overflow.
Second, the use of battery electric vehicles and maintenance
(A), batteries installed
Battery generally used in series, that is, the cathode of a battery with one battery connected to the anode, all the batteries together, and finally the remaining positive
and negative terminals with the wiring connected to the corresponding electric vehicles, electric vehicle motor, controller, instruments such as the electricity load is a battery.
Battery electric vehicles are generally box, from the installation location divided slash-style, after the plug and the chassis-mounted, the shape of its structure can be varied. Each depot has its own electrical characteristics. Figure battery box generally made with engineering plastics, and its strength is better, lighter weight, ease of installation. General by the end of the battery box tank, roof, and charge the battery contact point socket, trams, etc. lock. Trough and fastens at the end of the superstructure, and self-tapping fastening screws or bolts. Battery battery box is based on the design of model specification, the design should be considered in the whole of its good heat dissipation.
(B), the rechargeable battery
"Battery is not bad but bad charge", this is not alarmist talk, the performance of good and bad battery life of the battery and use play a decisive role in performance, attention must be given.
1, the battery charging process on the requirements
Rechargeable battery technology for understanding the basic requirements is to analyze the basis of charging technology. Rechargeable batteries of the basic requirements are: the charge current should be less than or equal to the battery charge current can be received. Otherwise, the current surplus would electrolyte consumed too quickly, resulting in the following hazards:
Increased battery water loss, increased the maintenance workload for the maintenance-free batteries, can cause early battery failure; produce mist, resulting in environmental pollution, health hazards to workers; so charging efficiency, resulting in a serious waste of energy.
Charging process of electrochemical reaction is the discharge process of the reverse reaction, if the charging process of electrochemical reaction in an ideal state, and this process should be complementary to each reverse reaction, that is filled with the release of the power of electricity should be basically the same. However, in a serious state of gas, the effective charge of the electrochemical reaction process power consumption of less than 40% of the total electricity consumption, that is a waste of energy more than 60%.
Gathered gases within porous electrode in the battery to reduce the electrolyte and the porous electrode contact area, that is, the electrochemical reaction of the interface charge is drastically reduced, so that the speed of chemical reactions reduce the charge, the charge is very difficult to extend the charging time.
Gas will be serious damage to the battery: ① a large number of gases have on the plate were washed active role of the active substance soft and easy to fall off.
②polarization at the higher voltage, the positive plate grid of serious corrosion, generation of Pb02, such structures and electrochemical corrosion Pb02 survival is completely different, which is not reversible oxide, conductive poor and grid deformation, brittle fracture, the loss of the role of skeleton and conductivity. Should be in charge to prevent over charge as much as possible.
Rechargeable long-term lack of response to the active substance did not produce irreversible positive large granular high PbS04 grain (that is, irreversible sulfation) to decrease battery capacity, internal resistance to increase, charging more difficult, resulting in early damage to the battery. Therefore, as far as possible to ensure sufficient battery power to prevent irreversible sulfation.
2, the frequency of the choice of charging
Battery life cycle of the depth of the impact of large changes in the basic exponentially. This is because the positive active material for Pb02, the combination of fastness is not high, discharge time and charge into PbS04 into PbO2, and PbSO4
size larger than PbO2 (the volume ratio of about 2: 1). Therefore, the positive plate, the actives will be repeated contraction expansion to the connection between the particles gradually fell off, so that the loss of battery discharge characteristics actives become "anode mud" so that the battery performance until the end of life. Deeper depth of discharge, the greater the amount of expansion contraction of activity in the greater destruction of binding force, the shorter life expectancy; the other hand is the longer cycle life.
In theory the battery should be avoided as far as possible the use of deep discharge, shall be sufficient ground shallow place, provided there is a special match with the matching charger. However, in actual use, due to battery performance and battery by the charger itself and the discrete charge and the charge used to the speed of the impact of higher than the voltage charger, charging more or less existed. In particular, the majority charge at night, generally in 6-10 hours, with an average of about eight hours, if shallow discharge, the charge will soon reach the end of the efficiency of this low charge will result in charge-off. Have relatively long charging time, coupled with frequent charging, battery life would be a greater impact because of charge. According to the charging requirements of the best on the actual situation, it is necessary to refer to normal operating frequency, length, the storage battery factory provided, as well as supporting the development of charger performance parameters such as frequency of charge. By the vast majority of users, in order to discharge the battery depth of 50% -70% of an electric charge the best, so that battery life for the best results. Actual use can be converted to mileage riding in an electric charge when necessary.
3, the effects of temperature on the charge
Season run at a high temperature battery, the main problem of the existence of charge-off. Battery when the temperature increased, the increase in the activity of active substances, positive potential of a decline in oxygen evolution, oxygen
evolution anode potential also decreased (negative decrease), so charging rechargeable fast response time, charge current, and charging needs lower the charge voltage. In order to prevent excessive charge voltage, battery temperature should be kept as low as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, to prevent charging in the hot sun after exposure and should be far away from the heat source.
Batteries at low temperatures, the lower the activity of the active substance, which dissolved electrode becomes difficult, after the charge consumed when it is difficult to be added Pb, the charge current significant drop in positive plate at -20 ℃ in the charge acceptance of current only 70% at room temperature, and the negative effects of charging by the expansion agent, the ability to accept a lower charge temperature -20 ℃ to accept the charge current of only 40% of room temperature. Therefore, the main charge under the conditions of low-temperature charge acceptance of the existence of poor, the problem of insufficient charge, request for increasing the charge voltage and charge time extended.Should be to improve the low temperature performance of the main negative start. Low-temperature thermal insulation used antifreeze measures to be taken, in particular charge should be placed on a warm environment, conducive to guarantee sufficient power to prevent the emergence of irreversible sulfate, extended battery life.
Storage and use of batteries during charging can be activated periodically, the
so-called balance charge, this battery to prevent irreversible sulfation very good for a very good battery life, it is worth advocating.
Third, note the use of batteries
1, to prevent over discharge
Battery voltage after the termination of discharge to continue to discharge as the discharge-off. Will have serious damage to the battery discharge, the electrical performance of the battery cycle life and severely disadvantaged.
Battery discharge voltage to the termination of the internal resistance of a larger concentration of electrolyte is very thin, especially the plate hole and the surface almost at neutral, had fever resistance discharge orientation, volume expansion, a larger discharge current, the apparent heat (or even develop fever deformation), then sulfuric acid concentration of lead in particular, and the existence of branches increased the possibility of short-circuit crystal Moreover at this time will be the crystallization of lead sulfate to form bigger particles, namely, the irreversible formation of sulfate, and will further increase the resistance , the charge to restore the capacity of the poor, and even beyond repair.
Should have been used to prevent battery discharge, the "under-voltage protection" is a very effective measure. In addition, electric vehicles as a result of "under-voltage protection" is controlled by the controller, but the controller other than the voltage of some equipment such as tables, lights and other electrical power consumption is directly powered by the battery, the power supply in general is not controller, the electric lock (switch) In the event of power began to close. While the current small, but if the discharge time (1-2 weeks) will discharge occurred. Therefore, the lock may not be a long time, do not have to be switched off immediately.
2, to prevent over charging
In front of charging has been described to lead rechargeable batteries will increase the water loss will be accelerated grid corrosion and active material softening, the deformation will increase the chance of battery. Should try to avoid the occurrence of charge-off; choose battery charger parameters with a good match, it is necessary to fully understand the seasons in high-temperature battery operation, as well as during the whole life changes. Do not use the battery when placed in the overheated environment, especially the charge should be away from sources of heat. After heating the battery to take measures to cool down until the temperature returned to normal when the battery can be charged. Batteries should be installed to ensure good
heat dissipation, overheating should be found to stop charging, and battery chargers to deal with the inspection. Shallow depth of battery discharge or high ambient temperature should be to shorten the charging time.
3, to prevent short-circuit
State in the short-circuit the battery, the short-circuit current of up to several hundred amperes. Exposure to short-circuit the more firmly, the greater the short-circuit current, so all connections will have a lot of heat in part, in the weak link in greater heat will fuse junction, resulting in short-circuit phenomenon. Local batteries can be explosive gases may be generated (or stoed charge can be set when the gas explosion), in connection sparks when the fuse will cause battery explosion; if the battery or short circuit current is not particularly large, you may not be caused by connecting Department fuse, but there will be a short circuit overheating will damage the adhesive around the article to connect to leakage and other problems left behind. Therefore, short-circuit the battery must not have the installation or use should be particularly careful in the use of tools insulation measures should be taken, the connection should be other than the first electrical battery connected, and after inspection without short-circuit, and finally connected to the battery, wiring norms should be well insulated to prevent the overlap arising from the breakdown pressure. 4, to prevent the connected loose and unsound
If contact is not strong, a lesser extent, conductivity bad will happen to the site contact line fever, loss of a larger circuit, the output voltage is low, the impact of electric power, so that mileage can not be reduced or normal riding; if components in the terminal block contact is not strong (the vast majority of failures in the joints and connection terminal site), a large number of terminals will be fever, the impact of terminal and sealant combination of leakage can occur over time, "acid-climbing" phenomenon. If in a moving process or charge arising in the course of contact is not strong, may have a circuit, circuit will have a strong spark, may point to an internal
battery explosion explosive gases (in particular, just the wires for the battery charge because the battery can be explosive gas more, and enough battery power, open
circuit when the spark than the strong possibility of an explosion quite large.)
Electric vehicles in the run-time have to bear more strongly the vibration, therefore, to deal with the reliability of all connections examination with connectors should be "self-locking" feature to prevent vibration and when driving off-chip with the battery cable connections should be take the connector, and solder to solder in prison, the application of connector crimping and connection means (can also be press-fit again after the solder used to increase the reliability of solder).
5, to prevent exposure in the sun
Sun exposure will increase the battery temperature, battery the active material to increase the activity, the impact of battery life.
中文翻译
一、铅酸蓄电池基本知识
（一）、基本概念
1、基本定义
电能可由多种形式的能量变化得来，其中把化学能转换成电能的装置叫化学电池，一般简称为电池，电池有原电池和蓄电池之分。

放电后不能用充电的方式使内部活性物质再生的叫原电池，也称一次性电池。

放电后可以用充电的方式使内部活性物质再生，把电能储存为化学能，需要放电时再次把化学能转换为电能的电池，叫蓄电池，也称二次电池。

（二）、铅酸蓄电池
1 、定义
铅酸蓄电池是蓄电池的一种，主要特点是采用稀硫酸做电解液，用二氧化铅和绒状铅分别做为电池的正极和负极的一种酸性蓄电池。

2 、分类
按蓄电池极板结构分类：有形成式、涂膏式和管式蓄电池。

按蓄电池盖和结构分类：有开口式、排气式、防酸隔爆式和密封阀控式蓄电池。

按蓄电池维护方式分类：有普通式、少维护式、免维护式蓄电池。

按我国有关标准规定主要蓄电池系列产品有：
起动型蓄电池：主要用于汽车、拖拉机、柴油机船舶等起动和照明。

固定型蓄电池：主要用于通讯、发电厂、计算机系统作为保护、自动控制的备用电源。

牵引型蓄电池：主要用于各种蓄电池车、叉车、铲车等动力电源。

铁路用蓄电池：主要用于铁路内燃机车、电力机车、客车起动、照明之动力。

摩托车蓄电池：主要用于各种规格摩托车起动和照明。

煤矿用蓄电池：主要用于电力机车牵引动力电源。

储能用蓄电池：主要用于风力、水力发电电能储存。

3 、基本构造
铅酸蓄电池主要由以下部分构成：
1 、硬橡胶槽
2 、负极板
3 、正极板
4 、隔板
5 、鞍子
6 、汇流排
7 、封口胶 8 、电池槽盖 9 、连接条 10 、极柱 11 、排气栓
正负极板
铅酸蓄电池的极板，依构造和活性物质化成方法，可分为四类：涂膏式极板，管式极板，化成式极板，半化成式极板。

涂膏式极板由板栅和活性物质构成的。

板栅的作用为支撑活性物质和传导电流、使电流均匀分布。

板栅的材料一般铅锑合金，免维护电池采用铅钙合金。

正极活性物质主要成分为二氧化铅，负极活性物质主要成份为绒状铅。

隔板
电池用隔板是由微孔橡胶、玻璃纤维等材料制成的，它的主要作用是：
防止正负极板短路；使电解液中正负离子顺利通过。

阻缓正负极板活性物质的脱落，防止正负极板因震动而损伤。

电解液
电解液是蓄电池的重要组成部份，它的作用是传导电流和参加电化学反应。

电解液是由浓硫酸和净化水（去离子水）配制而成的，电解液的纯度和密度对电池容量和寿命有重要影响。

电池壳、盖
电池壳、盖是装正负极板和电解液的容器，一般由塑料和橡胶材料制成。

排气栓
排气栓一般由塑料材料制成，对电池起密封作用，阻止空气进入，防止极板氧化。

同时可以将充电时电池内产生的气体排出电池，避免电池产生危险。

使用前：必须将排气栓上的盲孔用铁丝刺穿、以保证气体溢出通畅。

二、电动车蓄电池的使用与保养
（一）、蓄电池的安装
蓄电池一般采用串联方式使用，即一只蓄电池的正极与另一只蓄电池的负极相连，将所有蓄电池连在一起，最后余下正负接线端子与电动车对应接线相连，电动车的电机、控制器、仪表等是蓄电池的用电负载。

电动车一般都有电池盒，从安装位置分有斜杠式，后插式和底盘式安装，其结构形状可谓五花八门。

每家电动车厂都各有特色。

如图电池盒一般用工程塑料制成，其强度较好，重量较轻，安装方便。

电池盒一般由底槽、上盖、蓄电池接触点及充电插座、电车锁等组成。

底槽与上盖扣紧，并用自攻螺丝或螺栓紧固。

电池盒是按蓄电池型号规格进行设计的，在整车设计时应考虑其良好的散热性能。

（二）、蓄电池的充电
“蓄电池不是用坏的而是充坏的”，这一说法绝非危言耸听，蓄电池充电性能好坏对蓄电池的使用寿命和使用性能起着举足轻重的作用，必须重视。

1 、蓄电池对充电工艺的要求
认识蓄电池对充电工艺的基本要求，是分析各种充电技术的基础。

蓄电池对充电的基本要求是：充电电流应小于或等于蓄电池可接收充电电流。

否则，过剩的电流会使电解液过快地消耗掉，产生以下危害：加大蓄电池的失水率，增加维
护工作量，对于免维护电池，会造成蓄电池的早期失效；产生酸雾，造成环境污染，危害工人身体健康；使充电效率降低，造成能源的严重浪费。

充电过程，是放电电化学反应的逆反应过程，如果充电电化学反应过程在理想的状态下进行，这个过程应该是互为逆反应，即充入的电量与放出的电量应基本相等。

但在严重析气的状态下，有效充电电化学反应过程消耗的电能达不到总电量的40%，即浪费电能60%以上。

气体的产生聚集在蓄电池多孔电极内部，减少了电解质与多孔电极的接触面积，即充电电化学反应界面大幅度减小，使充电化学反应速度降低，充电十分困难，充电时间延长。

严重的析气会损害蓄电池：
①大量气体的产生对极板活性物有冲刷作用，使活性物质容易松软和脱落。

②在较高的极化电压下，正极板的板栅会产生严重腐蚀，生成 Pb02 ，这种
腐蚀物与电化学生存的 Pb02 是完全不同的，是一种不可逆的氧化物，导电较差，并使板栅变形，脆裂，失去骨架和导电作用。

因此在充电时应尽可能防止过充电。

长期充电不足，未反应的活性物质会产生不可逆的高阳性的大颗粒 PbS04 晶粒(即不可逆硫酸盐化)使蓄电池容量下降，内阻加大，充电难度加大，造成蓄电池早期损坏。

因此，蓄电池要尽量保证充足电，防止不可逆硫酸盐化。

2 、充电频次的选择
蓄电池充电深度对循环寿命影响很大，基本呈指数变化。

这是由于正极活性物为 Pb02 ，其结合牢度不高，放电时转化成 PbS04 充电时又转化成 PbO2 ，而 PbSO4 的体积远比 PbO2 体积大 ( 其体积之比约为 2 ：1) 。

因此，对正极板而言，活性物将会膨胀收缩反复进行，使其粒子之间的连接逐渐脱落，使蓄电池活性物失去放电特性成为“阳极泥”，使蓄电池性能下降，直至寿命终止。

放电深度越深，膨胀收缩量越大，对活性物结合力破坏越大，寿命越短；反之则循环寿命越长。

从理论上讲蓄电池使用时应尽量避免深放电，应做到浅放勤充，前提是有特别匹配的充电器与之匹配。

但是实际使用中，由于蓄电池充电受充电器性能和蓄电池本身的离散及充电习惯及充电速度影响，充电器的电压均比较高，或多或少都存在过充电。

特别是充电多数在夜间进行，时间一般在 6-10 小时，平均 8 小时左右，若是浅放电，其充电很快就会到达末期，这时充电效率变低，会产生过充电。

过充电时间比较长，加上频繁充电，就会使蓄电池寿命因充电受到较大影响。

最理想的充电要求根据实际情况而定，要参考平时运行频率、里程情况、蓄电池厂提供的说明，以及配套的充电器性能等参数制定充电频次。

按绝大多数用户的情况，蓄电池以放电深度为 50%-70% 时充一次电最佳，这样可使蓄电池寿命达到最佳效果。

实际使用时可折算成骑行里程，在需要时充一次电。

3 、温度对充电的影响
蓄电池在高温季节运行，主要存在过充电的问题。

蓄电池温度增高时，各活性物质的活度增加，正极析氧电位下降，负极析氧电位也下降(负值下降)，因此，充电时充电反应速度快，充电电流大，充电时需要的充电电压较低。

为防止过高的充电电压，应尽量降低蓄电池温度，保证良好散热，防止在烈日暴晒后即充电，并应远离热源。

蓄电池在低温情况下，各活性物质活度降低，其电极上的Pb溶解变得困难，充电时消耗后很难得到补充，所充电电流大幅度下降，正极板在-20℃时充电接受电流仅为常温的70%，而负极充电受膨胀剂的影响，低温充电接受能力更低
-20℃的充电接受电流仅为常温下的40% 。

因此，低温条件下充电主要存在充电接受能力差、充电不足的问题，要求提高充电电压和延长充电时间。

改善低温性能主要应从负极着手。

低温使用时应采取保温防冻措施，特别是充电时应放在温暖的环境中，有利于保证充足电，防止不可逆硫酸的产生，延长蓄电池的使用寿命。

蓄电池的存储和使用期间，可定期进行活化充电，即所谓的均衡充电，这对防止蓄电池不可逆硫酸盐化非常有利，对蓄电池使用寿命很有好处，值得提倡。

三、蓄电池的使用注意事项
1 、防止过放电
蓄电池放电到终止电压后，继续放电称为过放电。

过放电会严重损害蓄电池，对蓄电池的电气性能及循环寿命极为不利。

蓄电池放电到终止电压时内阻较大，电解液浓度非常稀薄，特别是极板孔内及表面几乎处于中性，过放电时内阻有发热倾向，体积膨胀，放电电流较大时，明显发热 ( 甚至出现发热变形 ) ，这时硫酸铅浓度特别大，存在枝晶体短路的可能性增大，况且此时硫酸铅会结晶成较大颗粒，即形成不可逆硫酸盐化，将进一步增大内阻，充电恢复能力很差，甚至无法修复。

蓄电池使用时应防止过放电，采取“欠压保护”是很有效的措施。

另外，由于电动车“欠压保护”是由控制器控制的，但控制器以外的其他一些设备如电压表、指示灯等耗电电器是由蓄电池直接供电的，其电源的供给一般不受控制器控制，电动车锁(开关)一旦合上就开始用电。

虽然电流小，但若长时间放电(1-2周) 就会出现过放电。

因此，不得长时间开锁，不用时应立即关掉。

2 、防止过充电
前面已经对过充电进行了阐述，过充电会加大蓄电池的水损失，会加速板栅腐蚀，活性物质软化，会增加蓄电池变形的几率。

应尽量避免过充电的发生；选择充电器参数要与蓄电池良好匹配，要充分了解蓄电池在高温季节的运行状况，以及整个使用寿命期间的变化情况。

使用时不要将蓄电池置于过热环境中，特别是充电时应远离热源。

蓄电池受热后要采取降温措施，待蓄电池温度恢复正常时方可进行充电。

蓄电池的安装位置应尽可能保证良好散热，发现过热时应停止充电，应对充电器和蓄电池进行检查。

蓄电池放电深度较浅时或环境温度偏高时应缩短充电时间。

3 、防止短路
蓄电池在短路状态时，其短路电流可达数百安培。

短路接触越牢，短路电流越大，因此所有连接部分都会产生大量热量，在薄弱环节发热量更大，会将连接处熔断，产生短路现象。

蓄电池局部可能产生可爆气体(或充电时集存的可爆气
体)，在连接处熔断时产生火花，会引起蓄电池爆炸；若蓄电池短路时间较短或电流不是特别大时，可能不会引起连接处熔断现象，但短路仍会有过热现象，会损坏连接条周围的粘结剂，使其留下漏液等隐患。

因此，蓄电池绝对不能有短路产生，在安装或使用时应特别小心，所用工具应采取绝缘措施，连线时应先将电池以外的电器连好，经检查无短路，最后连上蓄电池，布线规范应良好绝缘，防止重叠受压产生破裂。

4 、防止连接松动和不牢
若接触不牢，程度较轻，会发生导电不良，使其线路接触部位发热，线路损耗较大，输出电压偏低，影响电机功率，使行驶里程减少或不能正常骑行；若在接线端子部件接触不牢 ( 绝大多数故障是在接线端与连线接头部位 ) ，端子会大量发热，影响端子与密封胶的结合，时间一长就会发生漏液“ 爬酸 " 现象。

若在行驶过程或充电过程中出现接触不牢，可能产生断路，断路时会产生强烈的火花，可能点爆蓄电池内部的可爆气体（特别是刚充好电的蓄电池，因电池内可爆气体较多，且蓄电池电量足，断路时火花较强烈，爆炸的可能性相当大）电动车在运行时要承受较为强烈的振动，因此，应对所有连接的可靠性进行考核，接插件应带“自锁”功能，防止振动和拉动时脱落，对与蓄电池接线片的连线应采取接插件，并用焊锡将其焊牢，接插件与连线应用压接方式（也可压接后再用焊锡焊一遍增加可靠性）。

5 、防止在阳光下暴晒
阳光下暴晒会使蓄电池温度增高，蓄电池各活性物质的活度增加，影响蓄电池使用寿命。