广州牛津英语泸教版九上u1讲义

Unit 1Wise men in history
【知识要点】
★必记单词
golden adj. 金的；金色的Olympics n. [pl.]奥运会agreement n. 同意；应允pot n. 罐
doubt v. 不能肯定；对……没把握real adj. 真的；正宗的
truth n. 真相；实情seem v. 好似；似乎
solve v. 解决；处理fill v. 装满；注满
bowl n. 碗；盆brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的metal n. 金属certain adj. 确定的；肯定的prison n. 监狱；牢狱hit v. (hit，hit)(用手或器具)击；打correct adj. 准确无误的；正确的mistake n. 错误
less det.〔与不可数名词连用〕较少的；更少的
★常考短语
in ancient Greece 在古希腊
(be) happy with 〔对某人或事物〕满意的=be pleased/satisfied with fill…with…用……把……装满think about=consider 考虑；思考
be filled with=be full of 充满；装满run over 溢出
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物one…the other…一个……另一个……
send sb to prison 把某人关进监狱tell the truth 说实话
make sure 确保；设法保证something else 别的东西both…and… ……和……都……
be made of+看得见的原材料由……制成
be made from+看不见的原材料由……制成
be made by+sb. 被某人制成
★课文解析
At first, he was very happy with it.
(1) at first "起初"
辨析：at first与first of all
,I didn't want to go,but I soon changed my mind.
,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call an ambulance.
(2) be happy with sb./sth意为“对某人或事物满意的〞，
=be pleased/satisfied with sb./sth
His teacher is happy with him. 他的教师对他很满意。

She is happy with what I've done. 她对我做的很满意。

Later, however, he began to doubt that it was a real golden crown.
(1) however"然而"
辨析：however与but，二者都有“然而，但是〞的意思，其区别如下：however“然而；不过〞，比拟正式，可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾；其前面或后面要用逗号隔开，如在句中，其前后都要加逗号。

It's raining hard,however,they're still working in the field.
雨下得很大，然而他们仍然在地里干活。

but“但是〞，表示很明显的比照，转折的意味比however要强，从语序上看，but 总是置于引出的分句之首。

I'd like to go swimming with you,but I have to tidy the garden now.
我很想和你一起去游泳，但是我现在必须整理花园。

(2) begin to do sth.意为“开场做某事〞，同义词组为begin doing sth.。

When can I begin to work" 我什么时候能开场工作呢？
When I got there,the singer had already begun singing.
当我到那儿时，歌手已经开场唱歌了。

(3) doubt此处用作及物动词，意为“不能肯定，对……无把握〞。

He doubts the truth of the news. 他疑心那件新闻的真实性。

I don't doubt that she'll e. 她一定来，我不疑心。

【拓展】①doubt用作不及物动词，意为“疑心〞，其后常接of,about。

She doubts about everything. 她对一切都疑心。

He doubts of his success. 他疑心他能否成功。

②doubt后接宾语从句时，名词从句用if/whether引导，名词从句也可用that引导。

I doubt if/whether she will keep her word. 我疑心她是否会遵守诺言。

I don't doubt that we will win. 我们会获胜是没有疑问的。

(4) real形容词，意为“真的，正宗的〞，其副词形式为really。

This is a real dog,not a toy. 那是一条真正的狗，不是玩具狗。

辨析：real与true
1.“Is it made pletely of gold"〞he wondered.
be made of "由……制成"。

辨析：be made of与be made from
【中考﹒】
Books are made paper while paper is mainly made wood.
A. of;of
B. from;from
C. of;from
D. from;of
4.“This problem seems difficult to solve. What should I do"〞thought Archimedes. seem用作连系动词，意为“似乎，好似〞，本句中后接形容词作表语，这种用法较
常见，可以和seem to be相互转换。

He seems very angry. = He seems to be very angry. 他好似非常生气。

用作实意动词，可接to do sth
He seems to sing. 他似乎在唱歌。

5.Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. fill…with…意为“用……把……装满〞，其被动语态形式为be filled with，相当于be full of
6.…so I'm certain that it's not pletely made of gold.
certain用作形容词，意为“确定的，肯定的〞。

常用构造：
①be certain+从句一定……
I'm not certain where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿。

②be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事
He is certain to finish the task on time. 他肯定会按时完成任务。

③be certain of/about sth. 对……确信，有把握
We're certain of success. 我们有把握成功。

④be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事
He is certain of winning the match. 他确信能赢这场比赛。

7.What's wrong with it"
What's wrong (with sb. /sth)"是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么毛病/故障〞等最常用的句型之一。

其同义句型为：What's the matte/trouble with..."
What's wrong with you" 你怎么了〔出什么事了〕"
8.That's why I'm angry.
That's why... 意为“那就是……的原因〞，why 引导的是表语从句，用述语序。

表语从句是在句中作表语的从句，常位于连系动词be,look 等的后面。

The alarm clock didn't go off. That's why he was late for school.
闹钟没有响。

那就是他上学迟到的原因。

9. How did Archimedes discover the truth"
辨析：discover 与invent
这两个词都用作及物动词，都指人们首先见到新鲜事物，但含义不同。

Recently they discovered gold. 最近他们发现了黄金。

Edison invented the electric light bulb. 爱迪生创造了电灯泡。

10. However,Helen,a brave woman,wanted to watch her son run.
watch sb. do sth 意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事〞，表示看见动作发生、进展
的全过程。

其中do 为省略to 的不定式，作宾语补足语。

I watched her go out of the room just now. 刚刚我看到她从房间里出来了。

【拓展】和watch 用法一样的动词〔组〕还有see, hear, make, feel, notice, look at 等。

Did you hear Jack call you" 你听见杰克叫你了吗？〔动作完毕〕
We often hear the girl sing English songs.
我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲。

〔动作经常发生〕
I heard the song wind blowing when it was raining heavily.
下大雨的时候我听见狂风吼叫。

〔动作正在进展〕
11. When you have written something, you should check your work to make sure the spelling, grammar and punctuation are all correct.
(1) make sure意为“确保，设法保证〞，后可接宾语从句或of短语。

Make sure that they know nothing about our plan. 绝对不能让他们知道我们的方案。

They scored another goal and make sure of victory. 他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。

(2) correct此处用作形容词(=right)，意为“正确的〞，其副词为correctly(正确地)。

【拓展】correct用作动词，意为“改正；纠正〞correct the mistakes 改正错误12. …write what kind of mistake it is…
mistake 用作可数名词，意为“错误〞，常用短语：make a mistake /mistakes 犯错；by mistake 错误地
You've made several grammatical mistakes in the position.
你在作文中犯了几处语法错误。

I got on the wrong bus by mistake. 我搭错了公共汽车。

【拓展】mistake还可用作动词，意为“弄错，搞错〞。

常用短语：mistake … for …
“把…误认为…〞
She didn't speak very clearly, so I mistook what she said.
她说话不是很清楚，所以我误解了她的意思。

He is often mistaken for a famous actor. 他常常被误认为是个名演员。

13. However, no one could find a scale large enough.
①enough此处用作副词，意为“足够地〞，修饰形容词或副词时，要放在其后。

He runs quickly enough. 他跑得足够快。

It's warm enough in the room. 屋子里够暖和了。

②enough后常接〔for+名词/代词+〕to do sth.，意为“…足够…做某事〞。

The box is light enough for the boy to carry. 这个箱子足够轻，这个男孩能搬动。

1.be happy with
2. fill…with…
3. send … to prison
4. be certain
5. be made of
6. 溢出
7.古希腊8.解决问题
9.找出真相10.一顶金皇冠
Ⅱ.英英释义。

1. The bottle is filled with oil，so please be careful.
A. is fulled with
B. is full of
C. is fulled with
D. is fulled of
2. Lucy often fools her younger brother，which makes her parents angry.
A. cheats
B. beats
C. tricks
D. Forgives
3. It is said that his new book consists of nine chapters.
A. is made up of
B. is connected to
C. is covered with
D. is located in
4. He always cheats her. I doubt whether he will marry her.
A. feel sure
B. know
C. am not sure
D. make no sure
5. This problem is too difficult for me to solve.
A. write down
B. find the correct answer
C. understand
D. speak
Ⅲ.根据句意及首字母或汉语提示写出单词，完成句子。

1.However, he began to d that it was a real golden crown.
2.She desires the g ring for herself.
3.I am c that it's not pletely made of gold.
4.No one knew which woman was telling the t.
5.I'm quite in (同意) with your decision.
6.The police sent him to (监狱).
7.He is weak in grammar, and often makes m.
8.I can't s the problem alone. Can you help me"
9.Is this (真的) gold"
10.He is a (勇敢的) boy.
Ⅳ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

1.She wore a (gold) necklace.
2.Have you done it" Tell me the (true).
3.We have (little) rain this year than usual.
4.He seems (know) everything.
5.Yesterday she (hit) him on the head.
6.He was (send) to prison for six years.
7.If you can give the (correction) questions, you will get a gift from the host.
8.This problem seems difficult (solve).
9.---Don't touch the papers.
--- (certain), I'll not let the papers be touched.
10.Archimedes asked the king for some gold of the same (weigh).
Ⅴ.单项选择。

1. He used to to school late, but now he doesn't.
A. go
B. going
C. went
D. goes
2. Please the glass milk.
A. fill;in
B. filling;with
C. fills;to
D. fill;with
3. All the Chinese people must work hard China Dream.
A. to realize
B. realize
C. realizing
D. realized
4. The teacher asked us football on the street.
A. don't play
B. not play
C. not to play
D. to not play
5.---Have you read today's newspaper"
---No, I haven't. Is there in it"
A. something important
B. anything special
C. new anything
D. important something
6. His teacher isn't happy his explanation.
A. to
B. in
C. from
D. with
7. Pudong International Airport is one of airports in the world.
A. big
B. bigger
C. biggest
D. the biggest
8. Look at the smog (雾霾). bad weather it is!
A. How a
B. How
C. What
D. What a
9. The maths problem is so hard. I really don't know what .
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. did
10. Don't jump to a conclusion! Let's the problem first.
A. to discuss
B. discussed
C. discussing
D. discuss
1.It's not to make noise in the movie theater.
2.The man Mary and Gina is my new English teacher.
3.Could you please the floor" It's so dirty.
4.Please read the message , so that we can hear you.
5.It's a good habit to brush our teeth a day.
6.We like our math teacher, because he is very to us.
【句子类型】
使用的目的可分为四类：1、述句2、疑问句3、祈使句4、感慨句
构造上看句子可分为三种类型：1、简单句2、并列句3、复合句
一、句子的种类〔Kinds of Sentences〕
1、述句：
〔1〕肯定句：We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。

- -.
〔2〕否认句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。

说明：表达或否认一个事实或看法。

2、疑问句：
〔1〕一般疑问句：
Are you a worker" 你是个工人吗？
Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。

Haven’t you seen the film" No, I haven’t. 你没看过这部电影吗？没看过。

说明：以一个助动词，情态动词或动词be开场的问句。

答复要用yes或no。

〔2〕特殊疑问句：
Who is the man" 这人是谁？
When do you watch TV" 你什么时间看电视？
What are they doing now" 他们现在正在干什么？
说明：以一个疑问代词或疑问副词开头的句子一般要用倒装句语序〔或称为疑问词加一般疑问句〕
〔3〕选择疑问句：
Do you want tea or coffee" Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。

Does he learn Japanese or French" He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。

说明：提出两个或两个以上的情况，选择一个作为答案。

〔4〕反意疑问句：
They are going to the airport, aren’t they" 他们要去机场，是吗？
You haven’t finished your homework, have you" 你没做完作业，是吗？
说明：提出情况或看法问对方是否同意。

在述句后附加一个简短的疑问句，即前面句子肯定，后为否认；前面句子否认，后为肯定。

He seldom went to bed at ten, did he" 他很少在十点钟上床睡觉？是吗？
He knows little Russian, does he" 他几乎不懂俄语，是吗？
说明：当述句局部含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否认意义的副词时，附加问句用肯定形式。

3.祈使句：
a．肯定句：
Be sure to get there at eight. 八点钟一定要到那儿。

b．否认句：
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担忧，我会帮助你的。

说明：表示命令，请求，叮嘱，号召等，谓语动词用原形。

4.感慨句：
感慨句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。

what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感慨句构造主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感慨句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 述语序。

例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！
How+形容词或副词+述语序。

例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真得意！
What +名词+述语序。

例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！
What +a/an+形容词+名词+述语序。

例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！What+ 形容词+复数名词+述语序。

例如：What wonderful ideas 〔we have〕! 我们的主意真棒！What+ 形容词+不可数名词+述语序。

例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！
What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy!
说明：表示说话时惊异，喜悦，气忿等情绪。

what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或句子。

二、句子的类型〔Types of Sentences〕
1、简单句的句子的类型：
一个主语+一个谓语，例：
The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天弹钢琴。

两个主语+一个谓语，例：
Tom and I are good friends. 汤姆和我是好朋友。

一个主语+两个谓语，例：
He opened the door and left. 他翻开门出去了。

两个主语或两个谓语或更多，例：
Mr and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫妇去市场，买了些水果，并看望了朋友。

构造特殊：只含有一个词或一个词组，例：
Hello! 喂！Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！
2、简单句的根本句型〔The Basic Sentence Patterns〕
句型构造：
〔1〕主语+不及物动词：S + Vi.，例：
Birds fly. 鸟飞They disappeared. 他们消失了。

〔2〕主+ 连系动词+ 表语：S + V + P，例：
She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。

He has bee a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。

〔3〕主+ 及物动词+ 宾语：S + Vt + O，例：
He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。

We help each other. 我们互相帮助。

〔4〕主+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语：S + Vt + O + O，例：
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。

They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。

〔5〕主+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 补语：S + Vt + O + C，例：
They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。

I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。

注：S = Subject〔主语〕Vi=Intransitive Verbs〔不及物动词〕Vt=Transitive Verb〔及物动词〕P=Predicative〔表语〕O=Object〔宾语〕C=plement补语
重点、难点：
否认述句要注意以下几点：
〔1〕否认述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 构成的，除not和no外，用具有否认意义的副词也可构成否认述句。

常用的词有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。

〔2〕其他成分的否认形式
有些句子的构造上属于肯定式，但含有否认意义的词，可分以下几种。

否认的主语：
Nobody will agree with you. 没人同意你的意见。

None of the students like the novel. 没有学生喜欢这本小说。

No student here studies Russian. 这里没有一个学生学俄语。

否认的宾语：
We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我们什么都看不见。

He will borrow the book from nobody. 他从谁那都借不来这本书。

You must remember not to be late for class. 你必须记住上课不准迟到。

否认的状语：
They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是骑车来的而是走着来的。

We could find him nowhere. 我们什么地方也找不到他。

〔3〕不定代词all, both, everyone或everybody用于否认句时，表示局部否认。

All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. )
这里的树并非都是苹果树。

〔有的是苹果树，有的不是。

〕
Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.)
这姐儿俩并不都是护士。

Everybody can’t do it. (= Not everybody can do it. )
并不是人人都能做这件事。

【随堂练习】
一、述句和疑问句：
1、Theyhappy when they hear the news.
A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t 2、——“ Is your uncle a driver"〞
——“.〞
A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut is
C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does
3、Wesatisfied with their work.
A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being 4、Hecoffee at all. Hetea.
A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer
C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of
5、Sheme only twice since last year.
A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen
二、感慨句、祈使句
1、from Beijing to London!
A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is
C．What a long way is it D．How long a way is it
2、Oh, John, you gave us!
A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surprise
C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise
3、terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A．How a B．What a C．How D．What
4、girl she is!
- -.
A．What bright a B．How a bright
C．How bright an D．What a bright
5、we have today"
A．How fine day B．What fine day
C．How a fine day D．What a fine day
三、反意疑问句
1、You’d like some coffee, "
A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you 2、I don’t think he will e to the meeting, "
A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I
3、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, .
A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they
4、His father knows little about it, he"
A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t
5、We all like reading story books, "
A．do we B．do you C．don’t we D．don’t you。