山东省淄博第四中学任务型阅读中难题训练

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?
Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices. ________ Perhaps parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.
Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child's screen time with other activities.
________ Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too many hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.
Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day. ________ So, Ferguson and his team examined answers from a survey on risky behaviors. The study involved about 6,000 boys and girls in Florida, whose average age was 16.
Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ________ To further argue his point that screen time is not harmful, Ferguson adds that children should become familiar with screen technology. Electronic devices, he says, are a part of our everyday lives.
A. Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children.
B. However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful.
C. He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States.
D. So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen.
E. The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders.
F. The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities.
【答案】 D；B；C；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

美国儿科学会建议儿童和青少年每天看屏幕的时间不超过两个小时。

一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的，Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Many children spend a lot of time
watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.”可知许多孩子花很多时间看或玩电子媒体——从电视到电子游戏、电脑和其他设备。

再根据空后“parents now should ease up on their concerns about screen time, at least for older boys and girls.”提到了父母对孩子长时间看电子产品的看法，可知本空是提出父母对孩子花在看屏幕上的时间感到好奇是很自然的。

故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Christopher Ferguson, who teaches psychology at Stetson University in Florida, notes a lack of evidence supporting reports that too m any hours spent playing video games or watching TV is truly harmful.”Stetson 大学心理学教授Christopher Ferguson指出，没有证据支持长时间玩电子游戏或看电视确实有害的说法。

因此可推测上文是提出"一些专家质疑过多的屏幕时间是有害的"，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.”提到一项英国研究发现，在每天看电视时间超过6小时的儿童中，攻击性和抑郁会有一个小的负面影响——大约增加1%。

因此他想看看在美国的年轻人中是否也有类似的影响。

故选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades. ”调查发现，在每天使用屏幕长达6小时的人群中，犯罪行为增加了0.5%；抑郁症的症状增加了1.7%;以及1.2%对学习成绩的负面影响。

即下文继续列举长时间看屏幕对其他犯罪行为的影响，故E选项：研究人员发现，危险的性行为、驾驶行为、使用非法药物或饮食失调的情况没有增加。

符合题意，故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary
objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
creativity；individual/personal；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgive
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。

故答案为fascinated/impressed。

（2）考查信息归纳。

根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.”可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。

故答案为Contrary。

（3）考查信息归纳。

根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid librarians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照组。

故答案为worked/acted/served/functioned。

（4）考查句义理解。

根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽可能多的不同用途。

故答案为given。

（5）考查句义理解。

根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas tha n the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。

故答案为creativity。

（6）考查原词复现。

根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。

故答案为individual/personal。

（7）考查信息归纳。

根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming
of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，"psychological halloweenism"的实施是指通过积极刺激默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。

故答案为positively。

（8）考查句义理解。

根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else.“可知，Pillay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有多成功或不成功。

故答案为subscribes。

（9）考查概括总结。

根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。

故答案为realistic/practical。

（10）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成效。

故答案为forgive。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
________ According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
________ Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal. But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone," says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. ________ Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. ________ Students parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
A. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.
B. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.
C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.
D. what homework waiting for kids might always affects them sleep well every night.
E. Raising the minimum sleep is identified as a key way to help solve the problem.
F. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.【答案】 C；A；B；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们正常需要的睡眠时间，以及孩子们睡得晚的原因，以及一些学校采取的措施。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后”51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.“51%的10-18岁的美国孩子学习日睡得晚起得早，7-12岁的孩子中，60%白天会犯困，15%甚至在学校睡着，可知，本段主要讲述美国孩子睡眠不足的情况，C. Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”睡得少已经成为大多数美国孩子的坏习惯“可以作为本段的主题句。

故选C。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后”Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eig ht hours.“婴儿需要大约18小时睡眠，学生需要10小时睡眠，成人需要8小时睡眠，与A. How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.”你的睡眠时间由年龄决定“承接自然，符合逻辑。

空格下文讲述的内容概括起来就是，不同年龄段的人需要的睡眠时间不一样。

故选A。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

B. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.”其他专家说化学物质可能是其中部分问题“与空后”Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.“荷尔蒙这种化学物质水平的改变不仅让孩子身体发展出成年的特征，还让他们在晚上11点之前难以入睡，承接自然，符合语言逻辑。

选项提到化学物质，下文解释这种化学物质会对孩子造成什么影响，即它所带来的问题。

故选B。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前”some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. “一些美国学区把上课时间延迟，与F. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.”3年前，明尼苏达州，伊代纳地区的学校把上课时间从7：25延迟到8：30“承接自然，选项是举例说明上文所提到的把上课延迟的政策。

故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

4．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Top 3 Self-Discipline Techniques
Self-discipline is the key to leading a healthier, happier and more successful life,________. We have shared some self-discipline techniques below. Follow these self-discipline techniques to start living a better life.
⑴Start small
The journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step as the proverb goes.________. Instead, stamina (耐力) is built up by doing a little more than the previous day's target.
The same goes for discipline. Start by trying to carry out self-discipline techniques little by little every day for big results. Increase your goals over time.
⑵________
Staying self-disciplined requires motivation. It can be hard to stay motivated if you feel like you haven't made any progress so far. Tracking progress makes you aware of how much you've done and encourages you to keep going.
⑶Exercise your willpower
________. Some days, sticking to the task is going to be difficult but by reminding yourself of the end in mind and how much the goal means to you, you will be able to ignore temporary temptations for long term gain.
The above-mentioned self-discipline techniques have been proven to be extremely effective.
________, and it is the key to living a happy and fulfilling life.
A. Build a support system
B. Measure your goals
C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand
D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people
E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management
F. However, it is easier said than done
G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day
【答案】 F；G；B；C；D
【解析】【分析】本文介绍三大自律的技巧。

A. Build a support system建立一个支持系统。

B. Measure your goals测评你的目标。

C. Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand意志力和自律相辅相成。

D. Self-discipline is a feature found in many successful people自律是在很多成功人士身上都能找到的特征。

E. Self-discipline is linked to effective time management自律和有效的时间管理有联系。

F. However, it is easier said than done然而说起来容易做起来难。

G. You don't train for a marathon by running 10 kilometers on the first day你不会在第一天跑10公里来训练马拉松。

（1）根据上文提示自律是通向更健康、更快乐、更成功生活的关键。

下文提示我们在下面分享一些自律技巧。

承接上下文，However, it is easier said than done切题，该项中的However表示该句与上文构成转折关系，故选F。

（2）根据上文提示千里之行,始于足下。

下文说相反耐力是通过比前一天的目标多做一点来建立的。

承接上下文You don't train for a marathon by running 10 Kilometers on the first day 切题，下文中的Instead表示前后句是一种转折关系，故选G。

（3）本题为标题选择。

本段主要说保持自律需要动机，但是如果你很久没有取得进步你就很难保持动力。

追踪系统让你知道你做了多少，鼓励你坚持下去。

此处的tracking progress应该指的是对你目标的测评，故选B。

（4）根据本段小标题Exercise your willpower (锻炼你的意志力) ; 再根据下文提示有时候，
坚持完成任务是很困难的，但是通过提醒自己目标的意义和目标对你的意义，你就可以忽略暂时的诱惑而获得长期的利益。

可知C项Willpower and self-discipline go hand in hand.切题，故选C。

（5）上文提示上述自律技巧已被证明是非常有效的。

再根据下文提示这是快乐充实生活的关键。

承接上下文D项Self- discipline is a feature found in many succesful people. 切题，故选D。

【点评】在做七选五时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what's more等词汇、固定结构的运用。

它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。

像but(但是)、however (然而)表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。

同时还要注意选项中代词的指代和小标题选择时是对段落的总结。

5．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.
But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.
In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.
Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, t hey need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.
But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups
of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.
The changes facing fast-food companies
⑴________ ⑵________ ⑶________ ⑷________ ⑸________ ⑹________ ⑺________ ⑻____ ____ ⑼________ ⑽________
【答案】survivors/competitors/businesses/companies；appeals；instead；decreased/reduced/less；Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways；high/higher；added；profitable；healthy/healthier；creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快餐公司在经济衰退中面临的挑战以及他们所采取的对策，同时指出随着更严格的食品法的实施，快餐公司应变得更有创造性。

（1）考查名词。

根据第一段中的“As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors.”快餐连锁店在经济衰退中比那些价格更高的竞争对手生存得更好，他们成为了更好的幸存者、竞争者、企业或公司，故填
survivors/competitors/businesses/companies。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.”可知，在经济衰退期间，便宜的快餐更吸引消费者，appeal to表示“吸引”，故填appeals。

（3）考查固定搭配。

根据第二段中的“In the recession, while some peo ple trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.”可知，在经济衰退期间，很多人为了省钱选择在家吃饭而不是出去吃，insead of表示“代替、而不是”，故填instead。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising. ”可知，小型的快餐公司在经济衰退中受到更沉重的打击是因为它们削减了广告开支，修饰名词spending用形容词，表示“更少的、被削减的”，故填decreased/reduced/less。

（5）考查名词。

第三、四段介绍了快餐公司为了应对这些挑战所采取的对策，故填Strategies/Measures/Approaches/Solutions/Ways。

（6）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.”可知，一些快餐公司重新考虑他们的战略，像肯德基就推出了一款售价5,美元的鸡肉三明治以吸引消费者放弃1美元的特价，与1美元的特价相比，他们的商品的价格是较高的，故填high/higher。

（7）考查名词。

倒数第三段举麦当劳卖咖啡和早餐粥为例证明快餐公司的食谱中增加一些新食品来保持较高的客流量，故填added。

（8）考查形容词。

根据倒数第三段中的“McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.”可知，麦当劳卖早餐粥是因为它的利润更大，此处用形容词作表语，故填profitable。

（9）考查形容词。

根据倒数第二段中的“So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity”可知，快餐公司提供像沙拉和低卡路里的三明治这样健康的食物来避开政府监管，故填healthy/healthier。

（10）考查形容词。

根据最后一段中的“suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.”可知，随着更为严格的食品法的通过，快餐公司需要继续尝试新的东西，更有创造性、更灵活，此处缺少形容词作表语，故填creative/innovative/flexible/adaptable。

【点评】信息匹配题解题步骤：（一）先“少”后“多”；（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词；（三）信息匹配题１.寻找同义、相同的词或词组；２.寻找近义词或词组；３.留意数字（包括时间）；（四）读懂省略文字；（五）学会“认”生词；（六）巧用标注记号。

6．任务型阅读
Who's Really Addicting You To Technology?
“Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet”, wrote Tony Schwartz in
The New York Times. It's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of addicting us to distraction.
There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty disconnecting. Then who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we're dealing with. There are four parties cooperating to keep you connected: the tech, your boss, your friends and you.
The technologies themselves and their makers are the easiest suspects to blame for our distraction. Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make. No wonder these companies employ teams of people focused on improving their services to be as attractive as possible.
Good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them from coming too close. However, less than 15 percent of smartphone users are willing to adjust their notification settings meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to (默认)the app makers' every preset devices.
While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. We check email at all hours of the day we're obsessed, because that's what the boss wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
Your friends are also responsible for the addiction. Think about this familiar scene. People gathered around a table, enjoying food and each others' company. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.
The reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is more than an impolite behavior because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious (传染). Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain reaction.
Hie technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself using (or overusing) these gadgets. But there's still someone who deserves careful examination the person holding the phone.
When people are doing something difficult they'd rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research”. The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.
Personal technology is indeed more attractive than ever, which doesn't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology, instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behaviors all play a part.
free/liberate/release；rise/birth；alone/itself
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，阐述了让人沉迷于科技的几个因素。

（1）考查信息提取能力。

根据第一段中的“Nearly everyone I know is addicted distraction.”可知, 几乎我认识的每个人在某种程度上都对互联网上瘾。

to some extent/degree/“在某种程度上”。

故填extent/degree。

（2）考查信息提取能力。

根据第一段中的“A steady stream of similar headlines accuses the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games of ad dicting us to distraction.”可知，不断有类似的头条新闻指责网络及其不断出现的应用程序、社交媒体网站和网络游戏让我们沉迷科技，让我们分心。

lay blame on“把某事归咎于...”。

故填blame。

（3）考查信息提取能力。

根据第三段中的“Online services like Facebook, Google, twitter and the like rely on advertising revenue, so the more frequently you use them, the more money they make”可知，Facebook、谷歌、twitter等在线服务依赖广告收入，所以你使用它们的频率越高，它们赚的钱就越多。

economic/financial reason“经济原因”。

故填economic/financial。

（4）考查信息提取能力。

根据第四段中的“meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to (默认)the app makers' every preset devices.”可知，意味着剩下的85%的智能手机用户默认应用程序制造商的所有预设设备。

bother to do sth“烦扰做某事”。

故填 bother。

（5）考查信息提取能力。

由第五段“For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your live lihood.”可知，对于几乎所有的白领工作来说，电子邮件是公司沟通的主要工具。

对信
息回复不及时不仅会损害你的名誉，还会砸了你的饭碗。

cost“使丧失”。

故填cost。

（6）考查信息提取能力。

根据第六段中的“Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.”可知，然后，在谈话的间隙，有人就拿出手机查看手机上的内容。

人们几乎不关注彼此，也没有人交谈。

take sth for granted“认为某事理所当然”。

故填granted。

（7）考查信息提取能力。

根据第七段中的“Once one person looks at their phone, other people tend to do the same, starting a chain reaction.”可知，一旦一个人看手机，其他人也倾向于看手机，从而引发连锁反应。

follow“跟谁”。

故填follow。

（8）考查信息提取能力。

根据第九段中的“When people are doing something difficult they'd rather not do, the phone is used to transport them elsewhere. They can easily escape discomfort temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the excuse of so-called “research””可知，当人们在做一些他们不愿意做的困难的事情时，手机是用来把他们注意力转移到其它地方的工具。

他们可以以所谓的“研究”为借口，通过回复电子邮件或浏览网页，轻松地暂时摆脱不适。

free/liberate/release sb from sth“从…中释放出来”。

故填free/liberate/release。

（9）考查信息提取能力。

根据第九段中的“The truth is that we are working unproductively out of our bad habits.”可知，事实上，我们根本就没有摆脱坏习惯。

give birth/rise to“引起,产生” 。

故填rise/birth。

（10）考查信息提取能力。

根据第十段中的“instead, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more than the technology that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social norms and individual behavior s all play a part.”相反，我们应该接受这样一个事实，那就是我们的习惯不仅仅是由技术造成的。

我们的职场文化、社会规范和个人行为都起到了一定的作用。

alone/itself“独自地/本身”。

故填alone/itself。

【点评】本题涉及信息提取能力题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料的内容，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

7．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals (哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around, especially when boxed inside a massive skull (倾骨). It's even harder to provides energy. In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2-3%of total body weight but it consumes。