2020-2021学年洛阳市第八中学高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案解析

2020-2021学年洛阳市第八中学高三英语上学期期末试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a problem in our busy society, and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Children obesity is alsoat an all-time high.
Obesity means being very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much bodyfat. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.
The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.
If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.
The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.
There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are worried, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating.
Age is another factor, as you tend (趋于) to be less active when you get older. When you get older, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems, high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that ____.
A. obesity does not do harm to health.
B. there are more obese children than before.
C. all the American children are obese.
D. there are less obese children in the USA.
2. According to the passage, there are ____ major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
3. What will the writer most probably talk about after the last paragraph?
A. How to avoid obesity.
B. How to live in the busy USA.
C. What illnesses are caused by obesity.
D. How doctors treat heart problems.
B
At Aizo Chuo Hospital in Japan, employees greet newcomers, guide patients to and from the surgery area, and print out maps of the hospital for confused visitors. They don’t take lunch breaks or even get paid. Why? They’re robots!
Robots have long worked in factories, helping to build cars and electronic appliances. But today’s robots don’t just do the jobs of people－they actually look and act a lot like people.
Kansei, arobot from Japan, has a plastic face covering 19 movable parts. The robot can make 36 facial expressions in response to different words. Kansei shakes in fear at the word “war” and smiles when it hears the word “dinner”.
Researchers in Europe are going even further with iCub, a “baby” robot. They are teaching it to speak and hold conversations.
The ability to interact is crucial for robots that will one day work closely with humans says robotics professor ChrisAtkeson. “ This will require robots to understand what you say and how you are feeling and respond with appropriate emotions, ” he told WR News.
Japanese scientist Minoru Asada agrees. He is building a robot called CB2 that acts like a real baby. “ Right now, it only goes, ̒Ah, ah. ̓But as we develop its learning function, it will start saying more complex sentences and moving on its own, ” Asada says. “ Next-generation robots need to be able to learn and develop by themselves.”
Intelligent robot will become more important in the future, as populations age and the number of human workers declines in many countries. “ We’re going to have many more old people and not enough young people to care for them,” says robot researcher Matthew Mason. “ Technology can help the old people live at home longer, instead of going to nursing homes.”
4. According to the passage, what jobs have robots already performed?
A. Giving advice, answering customer questions and planning events.
B. Producing factory goods, building cars and greeting customers.
C. Greeting customers, producing factory goods and performing surgery.
D. Building cars, driving passengers and providing directions.
5. The second paragraph in this passage is mainly about?
A. To explain how a robot works.
B. To define what a robot is.
C. To describe the functions of modern robots.
D. To predict the future uses of robots.
6. How does the Kansei robot react on the word “fire”?
A. Use languages to warn nearby humans.
B Back up its memory files.
C. Activate an automatic fire alarm.
D. Produce a worried look on his face.
7. In Asada’s opinion, the next step for robots will be to develop_______.
A. the ability to learn independently
B. the ability to understand human commands
C. the capacity to interact with humans
D. the willingness to work together
C
I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans.” I separated them into six groups and gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their ideas, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.
My students were middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state-owned enterprises and global companies. They were without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came in different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.
InChina, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well-developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.
With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have been established. And then
there's the “thousand talent scheme.” this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign-trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries aboutChina's research environment. It's hardly known for producing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.
At last, forChina, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnership with top western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and telling them to think creatively. It's about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. It's not that simple.
8. Why does the writer feel disappointed at his students?
A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.
B. Because the six groups did not cooperate well in the brainstorm.
C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.
D. Because the students' ideas were lacking in creativeness.
9. Which of the following scenes is NOT considered as lack of creation?
A. Papers were often downloaded from the Internet.
B. Students often said that copying is a preferable business strategy.
C. Students combine knowledge and critical thoughts to solve a problem.
D. Case study debates were written up as well as recited.
10. We can infer form the passage that ________.
A. China can make and sell any product all over the world from its own creation.
B. high pay may not solve the problem ofChina's research environment.
C. cooperation with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brand.
D. the new government program is aimed at encouraging imagination.
11. Which is the best title for the passage?
A Look for a new way of learning B. Reward creative thinking
C. How to become a creator
D. Establish a technical environment
D
I had very good parents. My mother came toAmericafromScotlandby herself when she was 11, and she didn’t have much education. My dad was kind of a street kid, and he eventually went into the insurance business, selling nickel policies door to door.One day, my dad asked his boss, “What's the toughest market to sell?” and the insurance guy replied “Well, black people. They don’t buy insurance.” My dad thought, but they have kids; they
have families. Why wouldn’t they buy insurance? So he said, “Give meHarlem.”
When my dad died in 1994, I talked about him onThe Tonight Show. I told the story of how he worked in Harlem and how he always taught us to be open-minded and not to say or think things of racism (种族主义). Then one day, I got a letter from a woman who was about 75 years old.
She wrote that when she was a little girl, a man used to come to her house to collect policies. She said this man was the only white person who had ever come to dinner at their house. The man was very kind to her, she said, and his name was Angelo—was this my father?
The letter made me cry. I called her up and said yes, that was in fact my dad, and she told me how kind he had been to her family. Her whole attitude toward white people was based on that one nice man she met in her childhood, who always treated her with kindness and respect and always gave her a piece of candy. From this experience, I learned a valuable life lesson: never judge people and be open-minded and kind to others.
12. What did my father do after knowing what was the toughest market to sell?
A. He asked his boss to give him some insurance.
B. He went toScotlandto improve his education.
C. He specially went to white families with kids.
D. He choseHarlemto face the toughest challenge.
13. What can we learn from the third paragraph?
A. It was rare that a businessman had dinner in his customer's house.
B. Angelo was the only white person to sell insurance inHarlem.
C. The little girl admired Angelo very much.
D. Racism was a serious problem inAmericaat that time.
14. Which of the following can best describe the author’s father?
A. Stubborn and generous.
B. Patient and intelligent.
C. Determined and open-minded.
D. Confident and romantic.
15. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. Memories from a TV Show.
B. A Letter from an Old Lady.
C. Life Lessons from My Father.
D. My Father's Experience inHarlem.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项According to a report, the average American throws away 4.4 pounds of garbage each day. That adds up to
728,000 tons of daily garbage. Thankfully, states likeIdahoare carrying our innovative policies that others can follow. Here’s whatIdahois doing.
___16___Now, it has a blooming wind-power industry and is one of the only six states with commercial geothermal (地热的) electricity. Geothermal power plants are able to create energy using water and heat that comes from dry steam wells or from hot-water wells. The steam then powers a machine that generates electricity.
BecauseIdahonever had a large supply of fossil fuels to rely on, leaders had to become more creative with their power sources. Idaho is not as densely (密集地) populated as most other states.___17___ WhenBoiseleaders realized how much food was ending up in the local landfill, they took new steps to cutback on food waste. In 2017, the local government initiated a citywide composting (堆肥) program, where Boise residents could have their organic waste picked up at the curb (路边) along with their regular recycling.___18___ If you tend to buy less, chances are you’re throwing out less as well.___19___According to a report by Bureau of Economic Analysis, Idahoans average about $36,777 in personal spending each year, compared with $42,757 for the average American.
Idahoans manage to keep waste out of their landfills partly because of their strong commitment to recycling. BecauseIdahohas a series of communities — from urban areas inBoiseto the surrounding suburbs — no two recycling programs in the state are alike.___20___Rural areas exploit drop-off recycling centers to cut costs, while cities use curbside pickup.
A. Idaho just earned that title unexpectedly.
B. Idaho was an early adopter of green energy sources.
C. They are then able to obtain the compost soil for free.
D. Therefore, it’s able to take advantage of the space for wind-power sources.
E. Each region has developed its own unique program based on its needs and resources.
F. One possible reason whyIdahois less wasteful has to do with consumer spending habits.
G. There customized programs make iteasier for residents to have good consumption habits.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
My car and my best friend
For most, getting your first car opens up a new world of freedom and allows you to go wherever you want, whenever you want. Getting a car did___21___this for me, and it also brought my best friend and me___22___But then it tore us apart (分开).
My best friend lives three minutes from my___23___Since her___24___is in late summer, seven months behind mine, I basically became her___25___when I turned16 inDecember.
And so I___26___her up for school and took her home. We made ice-cream___27___, went shopping and to the movies―all in my car. I would drive to her house just to sit on her bed, read magazines and have a good laugh. I went to her house so___28___that she gave me a key___29___her house.
A week after I got my license (驾照), she was with me___30___I had my first accident. She was there and___31___me and we kept it a___32___, since I didn’t want people to___33___From then on, through thick and thin (共患难), it was just me , my car and my best friend.
High school is a time of___34___, but I couldn’t___35___for a long time___36___we became so distant (疏远) after being so close. My friend waited three months after her birthday to get her dream car：a green 2004 Beetle. With its___37___,the passenger seat of my car became___38___Our car trips became less frequent (频繁的)___39___I didn’t even drive down her street.
It’s funny how a car can change a relationship so much. I had wanted her to get a car, but once she did, I___40___it. I wanted her friendship back, even if it couldn’t be the same.
21. A. some B. any C. none D. all
22. A. closer B. farther C. luckier D. happier
23. A. neighbor B. school C. home D. family
24. A. holiday B. birthday C. course D. job
25. A. guide B. follower C. partner D. driver
26. A. picked B. woke C. called D. hurried
27. A. parties B. trips C. plans D. classes
28. A. happily B. frequently C. hardly D. seldom
29. A. to B. on C. of D. for
30. A. while B. but C. when D. after
31. A. saved B. suggested C. advised D. comforted
32. A. favorite B. secret C. pride D. joke
33. A. help B. see C. know D. laugh
34. A. change B. disappointment C. friendship D. excitement
35. A. believe B. answer C. imagine D. understand
36. A. when B. where C. how D. what
37. A. arrival B. dream C. return D. beauty
38. A. broken B. crowded C. empty D. different
39. A. however B. until C. as D. before
40. A. lost B. received C. enjoyed D. regretted
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
When people think of American music, they___41.___(probable) think of rap or rock-and-roll or jazz. What many may not realize is that these “American” sounds are all tied to a common place-blues music.
The blues___42.___(be)born in the Mississippi Delta area sometime in___43.___late 1800s. The music is rooted in African American slave spiritual and work songs.
Life was hard for black people in the U. S. Slavery technically had ended, but poverty and unjust laws kept people from full___44.___(free). Some former slaves stayed in the South and continued to work on farms, often___45.___their former owners. Much of the work was outside in the fields, in the unforgiving heat of the Mississippi sun. A culture of___46.___(sing) helped people deal with hardships. People sang spirituals at church and work songs in the fields___47.___(make) the days go by. Over time, this music developed into___48.___people now call "the blues".
Many blues musicians never gained fame. Leo Bud Welch is one of these musicians. He___49.___(play) the blues since he was 13. He only performed music for___50.___(family) and friends. It was not until 2013, when Welch was 81, that he recorded his first album.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As a senior high student, I should put much time and energy into English study than before. So I had already made a English study plan. First, in order to increase my vocabulary, I will do some reading as frequent as possible. Second, I will keep watching English movies because it considered to be the best way to learn about different
cultures. Third, I think keep a diary in English is one of the effective way to improve my English writing ability. Fourth, I will learn from others but try my best to improve learning methods. What’s more, I plan to practise your spoken English and communicate, with classmates in English. I do hope for my English will be better.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.你校正在组织英语演讲活动，请你用英文发表关于学生如何保护视力的演讲，内容包括：
1.中学生视力现状；
2.保护视力的建议。

注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

3.题目和首句已给出，不计入总词数。

How to Protect Our Eyesight?
Boys and girls,
Today, the topic of my speech is how to protect our eyesight.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. F 20. E
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D 32.
B 33.
C 34. A 35.
D 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
41. probably
42. was 43. the
44. freedom
45. for 46. singing
47. to make
48. what 49. has played/has been playing
50. family
51.(1).much→more (2).had→have (3).a→an (4).frequent→frequently (5).在it后加is (6).keep→keeping (7).way→ways (8).but→and (9).your→my (10).删除for
52.略。