高一英语暑假专题(二)

于对市爱美阳光实验学校高一暑英语假专题〔二〕【本讲信息】
一. 教学内容：
暑假专题〔二〕
1. 句子结构
2. 状语从句
二. 重、难点讲解
按照句子结构，英语句子可分三类：简单句，并列句和复合句。

1. 简单句：只含有一个主谓结构的句子〔有时可以有并列的主语或并列的谓语〕称为简单句。

The bus stopped.
We help and learn from each other.
Li Ming and Wang Gang are both in No.8 Middle School.
简单句的结构：
简单句子有长有短，有简有繁，但是按照结构特征及主要成分之间的关系，可以归纳为以下五种根本句型：
1〕主语 + 系动词 + 表语〔SVB〕
He is a driver
The jeep is green.
He looks young.
The rose smells sweet.
The Chinese food tastes delicious.
2〕主语 + 谓语〔SV〕
We went to the city library yesterday.
They swim in the pool every day.
I live at No.2, Park Road.
They often chat on line in their spare time.
3〕主语 + 谓语 + 宾语〔SVO〕
The cook put meat and vegetables in the fridge.
Nowadays teenagers have less time for sports.
The foreigners visited the Great Wall, Summer Palace and the Palace Museum.
4〕主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语〔SVOO〕
Miss Chen teaches us English .
Please give me some paper.
Mother bought me a dictionary.
It took us ten days to complete the work.
5〕主语 + 谓语 + 宾语补足语〔SVOC〕
He asked me to help him with his lessons.
We saw a man go out.
They call him Little Tom.
I heard my name called.
The parents found their children playing with a stranger.
2. 并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词(and, but, for, so, or )
或分号连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句。

其结构是：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句
He is very old, but he is in good health.
Tom is poor, so he cannot go to school.
We must get early tomorrow, or we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.
3. 复合句：由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成的句子，叫做复合句。

主句是全句的主体。

从句在主充当一个成分，它在作什么成分，就叫做什么从句。

作主语就叫主语从句；作宾语就叫宾语从句；作表语就叫表语从句；作语就叫语从句；作状语就叫状语从句。

状语从句
状语从句可以表示时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、行为方式、比拟关系、让步。

It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
Strike while the iron is hot.
Don’t go away before I leave.
Sit where you like.
We’ll keep it for you till you come back.
If I go to bed late, I find it hard to get up in the morning.
We must do as we are told to.
考前须知：
1. 时间状语从句、条件状语从句的时态一致性：
当主语为将来时时，从句只能用一般现在时。

When I get to London, I’ll phone you.
If it rains tomorrow, we’ll not go camping.
2. because 不能和so连用； although / though 不能和but连用。

时间状语从句
根据不同含义，可用不同的连词。

常用连接词：when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, since, once, till, until
特殊连接词：the minute, the moment, immediately, the first / second … / last time,
every time, the day, instantly …when , no sooner …than, hardly …when
1. 比拟：as, when, while
when 既可以表示在某时间点，又可表示在某一段时间内。

主、从句里的谓语动词可以同时发生，也可以有先有后。

When I got to the airport, the aeroplane had already taken off.
I’ll come to see you when I am free.
It was raining when we arrived.
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.
when 还可以作并列连词，意思是“那时，这时〞。

相当于at that / this time.
常用于以下结构：
sb. was doing sth. when …
sb. was about to / going to do sth. when …
sb was on the point of doing sth. when …
sb had just done sth. when …
e.g. We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain. while 意思是“当……的时候〞或“在某一段时间里〞常表示主、从句谓语的对照。

从的谓语动词一般要用延续性动词。

While we were chatting, she was looking at the time table on the wall. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
while 作为并列连词，意为“而，却〞
He likes pop music while I’m fond of folk music.
as 表示“当……的时候〞强调主、从的谓语是同时或几乎同时发生。

Sometimes I listen to the radio as I am having breakfast.
As we traveled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times.
2. 比拟：till, until
正确使用这两个连词的关键就在于判断的动词该用肯式还是否式。

肯句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯句。

意为“某动作一直延续到某时间才停止〞
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you.
否句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯式。

意为“某动作直到某时间才开始〞
She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how.
直到你教我后，我才会做。

区别：1〕 until 可以用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you tell me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
2) until when 疑问，until要放在句首。

—— Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
—— Until next Monday .
3. before的常见句型及含义
1〕It + be + 一段时间 + before 从句 ( 过多久才……)
It will be two weeks before he comes back home. 两周后他才会回来。

It was long before I saw him again. 过了很久我才见到他。

2〕It + be + not long + before从句 ( 不久就……)
It won’t be long before they meet again. 不久他们会见面。

3〕… before …没来得及……就……
Before I could get in a word he had measured me.
我还来不及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。

He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他，他已经跑走了。

4〕…before …过了多久才……, 动作进行到什么程度才……
They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行30英里才看到一个村庄。

Three years passed before I knew it. 不知不觉, 过去了。

4. “一……就〞的多种表达
as soon as, no sooner … than, hardly … when, once
As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give you a call.
Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain.
He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
directly, immediately, the moment, the minute
They informed us the news directly / immediately they got it.
他们一得到消息就通知了我们。

The policewoman came to the spot the moment / the minute she heard of the accident.
一听说有事故，这位女警察就到了现场。

条件状语从句
常用以下连词引导条件状语从句：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that
If people don’t want to travel, say, “There is no place like house.〞
( Unless they want to travel, they will say, “there’s no place like house.〞 )
如果人们不想旅游会说：“出门一里不如在家。

〞
You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
原因状语从句
常用的连词有：because, since, as, for.
1. 在答复“why〞的时候，必须用because, 不可用since, as 及for
Bill thought that “no answer〞 was very strange because he knew that Mrs Dunley rarely left the house.
2. since 也可解释为now then 由于、既然，语气仅次于because.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
3. as 的口气比since 弱，常强调主句而不是从句。

As you didn’t turn up at yesterday’s get-together, we missed you very much.
4. for 的语气最弱，常用在作补充说明，主句不受从句影响。

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
【模拟试题】
一. 单项选择
1. You will lose your chance of going to college ______ you study hard.
A. unless
B. if
C. when
D. as soon as
2. Every time he ______ me, he will write to me as soon as possible.
A. will hear from
B. hear from
C. hears from
D. has heard
3. Remember to turn off the light ______ you leave.
A. after
B. while
C. when
D. unless
4. _______ I saw the photo , I remembered who the person was.
A. While
B. The moment
C. Until
D. Although
5. We walked 5 li _______ we arrived at his cottage.
A. when
B. before
C. where
D.
after
6. It was nearly mid-night _______ Henry began to feel terrible.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D.
while
7. _______ he stayed in the country, he collected a lot of folktales.
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. Since
8. I was about to leave my house ______ there was a knock at the door.
A. while
B. as
C. when D and
9. Hardly ______ my mail box ______ I found an E-mail from my teacher. A. I had clicked; when B. had I clicked; when
C. did I click; than
D. I clicked ; than
10. No sooner _______ he realized that he left the key in the room.
A. had Tom locked the door then
B. had Tom locked the door than
C. had Tom locked the door when
D. Tom locked the door than
11. He was so interested in the video game that it was mid-night ______ he realized it.
A. since
B. before
C. until
D. as
12. It’s a long time since I enjoyed myself. This sentence means _________.
A. I enjoyed myself for a long time
B. I haven’t enjoyed myself for a long time
C. I want to enjoy myself
D. what a long time I enjoyed myself
13. It seemed only seconds ______ the boy finished his homework.
A. when
B. till
C. after
D. before
14. —— Did you catch the early bus this morning?
—— No. It had left the stop ______ I arrived there.
A. as soon as
B. at the time
C. by the time
D. during the time
二. 阅读理解
People who are hit by lightning and survive often have long-term effects. These may include memory loss, sleep disorders, muscle pain and depression.
Experts tell people to seek the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. They say lightning can strike as far as sixteen kilometers from any rainfall. Lightning can travel sideways. And at least ten percent of lightning happens without any clouds overhead that you can see.
People who are outdoors should make sure they are not the tallest thing around. Bend low to the ground, but do not lie down. And do not stand near a tree or any tall object. Get away from water and anything made of metal. A car is safe, but do not touch any metal inside.
Safety experts say people in buildings should stay away from anything with wires or pipes that lead to the outside. The National Weather Service says if you plan to disconnect any electronic equipment, do so before the storm arrives. Do not use a wired telephone. Do not use water. All these can carry electricity.
Some people think a person struck by lightning carries an electrical charge(电荷) afterward. Experts say this is not true. It is safe to begin emergency treatment.
Each year about four hundred people in the United State are struck by lightning. Last year forty-four people died. The average is close to seventy. The National Weather Service says that is more than the number of people killed by severe storms.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Lightning can happen even if there is no cloud.
B. Lightning won’t do harm to people’s health.
C. Lightning can travel sideways.
D. Lightning can strike very far.
2. We can learn from the passage that _________.
A. it’s better to turn off any electronic equipment before the storm arrives
B. a person with an electrical charge may easily be struck by lightning
C. a wired telephone is the cause of lightning
D. lightning and storm cause a larger number of death than any other factors.
3. In order to seek lightning safety, you can do the following EXCEPT _________.
A. hide in a building
B. sit in a car
C. bend low to the ground
D. lie under a tall tree
4. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. The latest information about lightning.
B. Some common knowledge about lightning safety.
C. How lightning comes into being.
D. Where we should hide in case of lightning.
试题答案
一. 单项选择：ACCBB, CBCBB, BBDC
二. 阅读理解：BADB。