inflection_词的屈折(曲折)PPT精选文档

Example Base
frightened fright activating act payments pay resignation resign s
+Derivatio +Inflection n
-en
-ed
-ate
-ing
-ment
-s
-ation
-s
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Derivation is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix. The derived word is often of a different
Adj. Affix
soft
-en
able en-
pure -ify
legal -ize
Verb soften enable purify legalize
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Morphological Rule:
Adjectivizer N+alA
V+ableA
Noun season rag care suburb gold clock hope friend fame child
的功能。
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Types of derivational affixes
Derivational affixes are of two kinds: wordclass changing and word-class maintaining.
Nominalizers are used to form nouns Verbalizers are used to form verbs Adjectivizers are used to form adjectives Adverbializers are used to form adverbs
expresses a grammatical contrast which is
obligatory for the stem’s (词干 )word class
in some given grammatical context.
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Inflectional affixes 屈折词缀
inflection: the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which do not change the grammatical class of
inflectional Inflectional affixes 屈折词缀加在词干的后边，传递不同的 语法关系或语法范畴，如数、时、格等。如 books中的-s是屈折词缀，传递复数；wiser 中的-er是屈折词缀，传递比较级概念，等。
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Inflection is a process which combines words and affixes (always suffixes in English) to produce different word forms of
word class from the original.
Derivational affixes（派生词缀） A） prefix: A prefix comes before words. B）suffix: A prefix comes after words 前缀出现在单词的前边。前缀的主要功能是改变词干的语义， 一般来说前缀不改变词的词性，如，当我们在friendly前边 加上un-时，它的语义发生了改变，但是单词的词性不变。 但是，也有一些例外情况，如：unearth, enlarge, prewar等。 后缀加在词干的后边。后缀主要改变词性，也可以改变语义
Affix -y -ist -ity -dom -ness -th
Noun accuracy socialist purity freedom goodness truth
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Verbalizer
Morphological Rule: N+enV A+enV
Noun Affix Verb fright -en frighten computer -ize computerize friend be- befriend glory -fy glorify earth un- unearth danger en- endanger
the stems to which they are attached. 屈折变化：屈折变化是通过附加屈折词缀的语法 关系的表现，如数、人称、有定性、体、格，屈折词
缀不会改变所附加词语的语法类。
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affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are
negotiate -able negotiable
create -ive creative
depend -ent dependent
tire
-some tiresome
sense -ory sensory
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Morphological Rule:
Adverbializer A+lyAdv
N+wardAdv
Affix Adjective -al seasonal -ed ragged -less careless -an suburban -en golden -like clocklike -ful Hopeful -ly friendly -ous famous -ish childish
Verb Affix Adjective
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Verb Affix leak -age govern -ment Betray -al resign -ation defend -ce Attend -ance attend -ant Refer -ee Depart -ure farm -er inquire -y
Morphological Rule:
judge pre-
tie
un-
reopen prejudge unite
A
Affix A
possible im-

impossibl e
green -ish
greenish
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Nominalizer V+ageN
A+yN
Noun leakage government betrayal Resignation defence attendance attendant Referee departure Farmer inquiry
Adj. accurate social pure free good true
Sum up, inflection is a process which produces different word forms of the same
lexeme; whereas derivation creates new words
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• If derivation and inflection co-occurs, derivations are inner, closer to the stem, and inflections are outer, furthest from the stem.
Adjectiv e quick lone
Affix Adverb
-ly quickly a- alone
Noun Affix Adverb
home clock sky shore
-ward homeward -wise clockwise -wards skywards a- ashore
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Word-class maintaining derivational affixes
N
Affix
scholar -ship
child -hood
king wife worker
-dom exco-
N scholarsh ip childhoo d kingdom ex-wife coworker
V
Affix V
join
ad-
adjoin
agree dis-
disagree
open re-
the same lexeme. Inflectional morphology occurs with nouns,
pronouns and verbs.
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In nouns,inflection marks plurality in regular nouns:
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Inflection 现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
Inflection 词的屈折
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Definition Inflection is variation in the form of a word,
typically by means of an affix(词缀 ), that