高中英语必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars学案人教新课标

Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars
I.Words
1..harmful adj. 有害的harm n& v 损害；伤害
搭配：do harm to be harmful to 对、、、有害
Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth , so mum said to her child :“Don’t drink too much juice because it can do harm to your teeth.”
果汁有可能对孩子的牙齿有害，因此妈妈对孩子说：“不要喝太多的果汁，因为它对你的牙齿有害。

2.puzzle n. 迷；难题vt. & vi （使）迷惑；（使）为难
puzzling 令人迷惑的puzzled 感到困惑的
There was a puzzled look on her face because a puzzling problem puzzled the little girl .她脸上有迷惑不解的神情，因为有道令人费解的问题使这个小女孩困惑。

3．exist vi. 存在；生存
There exists nothing on the lonely island, so nobody can exist there .在这个荒岛上
没长任何东西，因此没人能在这儿生存。

4.presence n.出席，到场，存在
He hardly seemed to notice my presence.他似乎没有注意到我在场。

知识拓展：present adj. 现存的，当前的
present n. 礼物，礼品，目前，现在
present v. 颁发，授予，把交给，展现，显示
present sth to sb =present sb with sth 把某物交给某人；颁发
He presented a book to me.他送给我一本书。

II. Phrases
1.in time 及时，终于
Tom ,who used to be late ,can get to school in time now. He has learned to be punctual(守时的) in time .经常迟到的汤姆现在能及时到校了。

他终于知道守时了。

拓展：all the time 一直；始终
at the same time 与此同时
at a time 一次；每次
at one time 一度（过去）有个时期
at times 有时；不时
in no time立刻；很快
2.prevent …from 阻止…干…
The heavy rain prevented us (from ) going to school .大雨阻止了我们去学
校。

拓展：keep ….from …阻止…干…
stop ….from …. 阻止…干…
protect …from /against 保护…免遭…
3. now that 既然。

引导原因状语从句, that可以省略
Now（that ）you have got a chance , you should make good use of it .
既然你得到了一个机会，你就应该好好利用它。

4. break out 突发爆发没有被动形式
break down毁掉破坏机器出故障身体垮掉
break in破门而入打断
break up 粉碎拆开放假结束
break away from 脱离挣脱
及时巩固一：
1). Mary and John were good friend, but after a quarrel they____ _____.(broke up )
2). Don’t _____ _____ when we are talking. (break in )
3). The prisoner______ _______ ______ his guards.(broke away from )
4). His plan _______ _____ at last. (broke down )
5). The economic crisis _____ _____ first in the USA. (broke out)
及时巩固二：
give birth to system puzzle exist violent in time
People gave birth to an idea long ago that the present system of education should be improved. What puzzles me is why a new system of education didn’t turn up until now. But I believe that it will exist through violent struggle in time.
很久以前人们就有一种想法：当前的教育体系应当改进。

使我不解的是为什么一种新的教育体系迄今还没有出现。

但我相信通过艰苦的探索最终会存在的。

III. Sentence Patterns
1. according to 根据
2. begin with 以、、、开始
3. in all directions 朝四面八方
4. in time 及时；迟早
5. fill … with 用、、、充满
6. all sorts of 各种各样的
7. as well as 也，以及；除了、、、还有
8. for the first time 首次；第一次
9. remain a mystery 仍是个迷
10. 月球之旅(pay)a visit to the moon
11.一种普遍为人们所接受的理论a widely accepted theory
12. as a result因此
13. break out 爆发；发生
14. have a chance to do 有机会干、、、
15. as if 好像；似乎
16. depend on 依赖；取决于
17. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
18. come on加油；快点；得了吧
19. as far as 像、、、一样远；就、、、；据、、、
20. 向某人解释某事explain to sb. sth.
21. allow …to …..允许某人干、、、
22. get close to 靠近
IV. Patterns
1．as 的不同用法
1) We watched , amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as
the earth’s gravity increased. 我们惊奇的看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。

解析：as引导时间状语从句
2) Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s .摆脱月
球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。

解析：as 作副词和连词，引导比较状语从句
3) When we got closer to the moon , we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s . 当我们更接近月球时，就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。

解析：as 作副词和连词，引导比较状语从句
4）But when I tried to step forward ,I found I was carried twice as far as on earth and I fell over . 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟然是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

解析：倍数的表达法：as ...as
倍数+ 比较级+ than
the size/ length /weight...of
1)Americans eat _____vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
A. more than twice
B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as
D. more than twice as many
2) It’s generally believed that teaching is _____it is a science .
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
3)During this season all the animals are sold at _____usual .
A. twice as higher price as
B. as twice high price than
C. twice as high as price as
D. twice higher price than
2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour , carbon dioxide, oxygen , nitrogen and other gases ,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
分析：①“be + 不定式”结构在此处表示注定会发生的事。

He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life.他一定会对他余生的决定后悔的。

② “be to do” 还可表示必须或应该Eg:You are to report this to the police.你应该报警.
③表示计划或安排Eg:They are to be married in June. 他们计划七月份结婚。

3.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
it在句中作made的形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式to develop
固定模式：v.+it +adj./n +to do 能用于此结构的动词有：make ,believe ,think ,consider ,feel ,find 等。

①He feels it his duty to help others.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。

②He thinks it important to learn English well.他认为学好英语是重要的。

4. Others, called amphibians ,were able to live on land as well as in the water.
注意：called 过去分词作状语
as well as链接了两个并列的介词短语on land 和in the water.
He has a flat in London as well as a house in Edinburgh.
他不仅在爱丁堡有房子，在伦敦也有房子。

We watched ,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
amazed是过去分词，在此作状语。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.从山顶望去，这个城市看上去像个大花园。

5. 找出文中的主语从句并背诵。