备战2021高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题06 动词和动词短语(解析版) Word版含解析

专题六动词和动词短语【高频考点解读】
动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用力量。

主要消灭在单项选择及完形填空中，考纲要求在复习备考中要把握以下几个方面：
1.动词的词义；
2.动词搭配；
3.动词短语；
4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；
5.常用动词的用法；
【热点题型】
题型一与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词
例1、Our car broke down suddenly and the heavy rain __________ our helplessness.
A．made out B．led to
C．turned out D．added to
例2、The boy was so careless that the glass fell from his hand and it __________ on the floor.
A．broke in B．broke down
C．broke up D．broke out
例3、The great damage which the destructive earthquake in Japan in March 11,2011 __________ made a great many people homeless.
A．brought in B．brought about
C．brought up D．brought out
例4、A wellwritten composition __________ good choice of words and clear organization among other things.
A．calls on B．calls up C．calls for D．calls off
例5、If you __________ faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A．come across B．care about
C．look for D．focus upon
例6、The chairman asked me to ______ the report，because he didn't want to speak for too long at this meeting.
A．cut out B．cut away C．cut off D．cut down
例7、Stop talking nonsense. Let's __________ to doing our experiment.
A．get in B．get off
C．get down D．get across
例8、After hours of repeating，her patience finally __________ .
A．gave out B．gave off
C．gave up D．gave back
例9、There is no beer left and the bars are shut，so you'll have to __________.
A．go out B．go off
C．go without D．go through
例10、I'd __________ that house for the time being；house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
A．hold on to B．come up to
C．give in to D．look up to
【提分秘籍】
1．add短语
add to 增加，增加add up 加起来add up to 总计，共达
2．break短语
break away from脱离
break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉
break into闯入，破门而入break out(战斗)爆发
break in破门而入break off打断；中断
break through 逾越，突破；冲破
break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止
3．bring短语
bring about导致，引起
bring down使倒下；降低(费用，开支，价格等) bring in引进；挣得
bring on使进展，有助于生长；引起，导致(疾病，战斗等) bring out使呈现；阐明；出版
bring up哺育，培育；呕吐；提出(建议、论点等)
4．call短语
call for需要；邀请call on 号召；访问
call in召集；召来call up召唤，召集；打电话
call off取消
5．carry短语
carry on连续，坚持carry out执行，实施
carry off夺走，夺去……的生命
carry through挂念渡过(难关)；完成，实现
6．come短语
come about发生come across偶遇
come to共计；达到；糊涂come true变为现实
come up走上前；被提出come up with提出
come into being形成come into use投入使用
7．cut短语
cut down砍倒；削减；压缩cut in插入；插嘴
cut off隔绝；切断；停止(供应) cut out删除
cut up切碎
8．die短语
die away(声音、风、光线/心情)渐渐消逝
die down(风、雨、光线)渐渐安静
die of死于(疾病、年轻、饥饿等)
die from死于(意外事故或不留意的缘由)
die out灭亡，绝种die off相继死去
9．get短语
get about四处走动；传开get across传达
get away逃脱，设法离开get down下来；登记
get in收割get off动身；下班
get together聚会get through接通；通过
get down to开头认真干get over克服
get along/on with在……进展；相处
10．give短语
give up放弃give in屈服
give out用完；分发give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出give back归还；使恢复
11．go短语
go against违反；对……不利go ahead开头；进展；进行go after/for追赶；追求go without牵强维持；凑合
go in for爱好；参与；从事go through通过；经受
go over复习；认真审查go by过去；经过
12．hold短语
hold back隐瞒；把握(情感) hold out维持；抵制；硬撑hold up使……耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together团结全都hold on to保留；抓住不放13．keep短语
keep away(from)使远离keep back扣除；隐瞒不讲
keep off避开；不接近keep on连续
keep out挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近
keep up保持；不低落；连续；持续
keep up with跟上
14．look短语
look about/around/round环顾
look after照看；照看look down upon看不起
look forward to期望look into向里看；调查
look on旁观look out当心；找出；朝外看
look over检查；查阅
look through扫瞄；温习；看穿look up向上看；查阅；(形势)好转
look up to敬重(人，行为)
15．make短语
make up for补偿；弥补make out辨认出
make fun of取笑make up one's mind下定决心make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up编造；组成，构成；补齐；凑足
16．pick短语
pick out挑出；区分出，辨别出
pick up拿起，捡起；整理；偶然获得，学会；接收(节目)；(开车)去接；(顺便)捎带；染上(疾病)；有起色；好转17．put短语
put aside把……放在一边put away把……收好
put down扑灭；安静put forward提出
put off延期；推诿put out扑灭；生产
put up挂起；张贴；搭起；为(某人)供应食宿
put up with忍受；容忍
18．set短语
set about开头，着手
set aside留出；不顾；把……放到一边
set down下车；写下；放下
set off动身；引爆；引起；激发
set out开头；动身
set up创建，创立；安装；竖起
19．take短语
take away拿走；带走；消退(病痛)
take after(性格、外貌)像……
take down登记；放下；拆除
take for granted认为……理所当然
take in吸取；收留，收养；理解，领悟；哄骗take off起飞；脱下；休假；走红；(事业)腾飞take on呈现；雇用take over接管；接任
take to开头，宠爱；沉溺于
take up拿起；从事；占据(时间或空间)；连续(被中断的事)
20．turn短语
turn down拒绝；调低turn in上交
turn out结果是；证明是turn over移交；交给
turn up消灭；调高turn off关掉
turn on打开turn away走开
turn to求助于；翻到
【举一反三】
1. At the edge of the grass，there's a sign saying“__________ the grass”．
A．keep up B．keep away
C．keep off D．keep back
2. The authorities will __________ the case further before they can come to a conclusion about it.
A．look out B．look up
C．look through D．look into
3.
I don't believe what he told us about meeting Yi Zhongtian.I think he was __________ the story.
A．making up B．taking up
C．keeping up D．bringing up
4.
I can __________ the house being untidy，but I hate it if it's not clean.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．turn to D．stick to
5. As the road to the airport is under reconstruction，we'd better __________ early to avoid the traffic jam.
A．pay off B．set off
C．put off D．take off
6. She was tired and wanted to find a bench to sit on for a while，but they were all __________.
A．given away B．kept away
C．taken up D．used up
7. —Everything begins hard.Don't hesitate to __________ me if you are in difficulty.
—Thank you，I will.
A．turn out B．turn in C．turn to D．turn on
【热点题型】
题型二同一介词(副词)与不同的动词搭配
例11、The government has taken measures to __________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A．take down B．bring down
C．hand down D．tear down
例12、You can't predict everything. Often things don't __________ as you expect.
A．run out B．break out
C．work out D．put out
【提分秘籍】
1．动词和about构成的短语
think about 思考care about 关怀；对……有爱好
bring about 引起；使发生come about 发生
hear about 听说worry about 为……担忧
2．动词和away构成的短语
throw away 扔掉clear away 清除掉；消散
die away 渐渐消逝；减弱wash away 冲走
take away 拿走；使消逝put away 收捡起来；存起来
3．动词和down构成的短语
break down 坏了；垮了；分解turn down 调小；拒绝
cut down 削减；砍倒slow down 慢下来
put down 登记；写下；镇压tear down 拆毁；拆除4．动词和for构成的短语
wait for 等候stand for 代表，表示
long for 渴望care for 关怀；宠爱
search for 查找look for 查找
call for 需要，要求hunt for 查找
apply for 申请seek for 查找
5．动词和in构成的短语
give in 让步hand in 上交
bring in 引进；赚得；挣drop in 访问
result in 导致succeed in 在……获得成功
join in 参与
6．动词和of构成的短语
think of 想到dream of 梦到
consist of由……组成approve of 赞成
die of 死于hear of 听说
complain of 埋怨
7．动词和on构成的短语
depend on 依靠rely on 依靠
insist on 坚持carry on 连续；进行
keep/go on 连续spend…on 在……上花(钱)
put on 穿上；戴上；上演feed on 以……为生
8．动词和out构成的短语
break out 爆发point out 指出
bring out 阐明，使表现出carry out 执行；进行
turn out 结果是；生产；培育work out 算出；想出方法find out 查出；弄明白try out 试用；试验
look out 当心；提防
9．动词和over构成的短语
think over 认真考虑go over 批阅；检查；争辩
look over 翻阅；检查get over 克服
take over 接管；接替
10．动词和up构成的短语
give up 放弃；停止；中止build up 建立
set up 架起；建立put up 搭起；安装；住宿；张贴
pick up 捡起；学会；收听到bring up 抚养；呕吐；提出
tear up 撕碎stay up 熬夜
eat up 吃完make up 构成；组成
cut up 切碎hold up 耽搁；使停顿
【举一反三】
We did have a quarrel about money last night，but now we have already __________.
A．taken up B．made up
C．put up D．brought up
【热点题型】
题型三熟词新意
例13、Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to ________them too hard.
A．draw B．strike C．rush D．push
【提分秘籍】
动词的考查主要集中在动词词义和结构的把握上，要求同学娴熟把握一些高频动词的词义和搭配。

此外，从近几年新课标地区的试题状况来看，动词与动词短语的熟词新义在具体语境中的运用也应高度重视。

acknowledge承认；就……表示感谢；告知收到(信件等); 对……打招呼
say 说；表明；宣称，声明
observe观看；留意到；遵守，奉行(法律、习俗、规章等)；纪念，庆祝
save保留，保存(keep sth to use or enjoy in the future；节省，节省；挽救；储蓄
cover 掩盖；涉及；包含；包括，涉及；论及；负担支付；够付(费用)；采访关于……的新闻；报道(……的新闻等)；走过(若干里)，走完(一段路程)。

stand站、立；承受、忍受
see的基本意思是“观察”，还有“设想、想象”(imagine)；“把……看作”的意思。

do的基本意思是“作”还有“行、可以、足够”(used for saying that sth is enough or is suitable for a particular purpose )的意思。

develop除了“进展”的意思之外，还有“患上(病)”，“养成……习惯”之意。

operate基本意思是“动手术”，还有“经营、管理”之意。

employ除了“雇佣”外，还可表示“利用”；“ 把(时间、精力)用于……，占据(时间、精力)”等。

escape除了“逃走、逃脱”之意外，还可表示：“被遗忘、没被记住”(not remember)的意思。

strike除了“打、敲击”之意外，还可表示“突然想起(到)、一下子想起”(a thought or an idea come into sb's mind suddenly)的意思，可用下面句型：
It strikes sb that...＝It occurs to sb that...某人突然想起…… 。

meet除了“会见”外，还有“满足(愿望、要求、需求等)”(satisfy)的意思。

pick除了“摘；选择”外，还有“扒窃、从某人的口袋里偷东西”(quietly steal something from someone's pocket)的意思
admit除了“承认”之意外，还可表示“接收(某人入学)、准许加入(俱乐部、组织)”(allow sb to become a member of a club, a school or an organization)的意思。

deliver除了“递送，传送”之意外，还可表示“讲课；发表(演说)”；“生孩子，为某人接生”之意。

drive “驾车”；“迫使”
suit “同(某人)相配”；“合……的心愿，对……便利”(be convenient for)。

【举一反三】
The fact that she never apologized ________a lot about what kind of person she is.
A．says B．talks C．appears D．declares
【高考风向标】
1.（2022安徽卷）26．Terry, please your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
A. look up from
B. look into
C. look back on
D. look through
2.（2022安徽卷）28．When the sports hero at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
A. turned up
B. left off
C. moved on
D. got away
3.（2022安徽卷）34．Shakespeare's writing is still popular today. It has really the test of time.
A. failed
B. stood
C. taken
D. conducted
4.（2022大纲卷）31. Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music, but she _____ it with hard work.
A. goes back on
B. takes away from
C. makes up for
D. catches up with
5.（2022福建卷）25. It is widely acknowledged that students should be in terms of overall quality.
A. supported
B. matched
C. evaluated
D. controlled
6.（2022福建卷）33. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A. catch sight of
B. get hold of
C. take charge of
D. make mention of
7.（2022湖北卷）23. Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ______ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
A. slipped
B. skied
C. signalled
D. sank
8.（2022湖北卷）24. The old rules have to be ______ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A. developed
B. established
C. observed
D. revised
9.（2022湖北卷）25. I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to ______.
A. get through
B. get off
C. get in
D. get along
10.（2022湖北卷）26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A. came across
B. dealt with
C. looked after
D. went for
11.
（2022江苏卷）25. Top graduates from universities are by major companies.
A. chased
B. registered
C. offered
D. compensated
12.（2022江苏卷）30.—Dad, I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see. I'll go right away and .
A. pay him back
B. pay him off
C. put him away
D. put him off
13.（2022江苏卷）33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to the soul of Qu Yuan.
A. remember
B. remind
C. recover
D. recall
14.（2022江西卷）27. Anyway , we’re here now ,so let’s ___some serious work.
A. come up with
B. get down to
C. do away with
D. live up to
15.（2022江西卷）29. I don’t believe what you said , but if you can prove it , you may be able to __me .
A. convince
B. inform
C. guarantee
D. refuse
16.（2022陕西卷）18. Ralph W. Emerson would always ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
A. set off
B. set about
C. set up
D. set down
17.（2022天津卷）9. My parents always _______ great importance to my getting a good education.
A. have
B. attach
C. accept
D. pay
18.（2022天津卷）13. The two countries are going to meet to _______ some barriers to trade between them.
A. make up
B. use up
C. turn down
D. break down
19.（2022浙江卷）7. Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I tried to _______ the pain, believing that it would go away sooner or later.
A. share
B. realize
C. ignore
D. cause
2 0.（2022浙江卷）9. No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can _____ when the unexpected will happen.
A. prove
B. imply
C. demand
D. predict
21.（2022浙江卷）19. How could you ______ such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months.
A. turn off
B. turn in
C. turn down
D. turn to
22.（2022重庆卷）7. She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ___ the road.
A.on
B. along
C.from
D. off
23.【2021新课标全国卷I】23．Try not to cough more than you can ________ since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check B．allow
C．stop D．help
24.【2021新课标全国卷II】8．The watch was very good，and he ________ 20 percent down for it.
A．paid B．cost
C．bought D．spent
25.【2021天津卷】2．If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to ________ a hand.
A．lend B．shake
C．wave D．want
26.【2021浙江卷】9．When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.
A．conclude B．lead
C．avoid D．hold
27.【2021福建卷】24．Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which ________ spending quite a lot of time with students.
A．enjoys B．involves C．practices D．suggests
28.【2021江苏卷】23．—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.
A．qualified B．preserved
C．decorated D．simplified
29.【2021湖北卷】23．While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice B．substitute
C．simplify D．survive
3 0.【2021湖北卷】24．According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A．associate B．dispute
C．negotiate D．register
31.【2021江西卷】31．She________the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
A．connected B．fitted
C．equipped D．matched
3 2.【2021浙江卷】17．Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up
C．bring up D．take up
3 3.【2021新课标全国卷I】30．At the last moment，Tom decided to ________ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A．put up B．put in
C．put on D．put off
34.
【2021新课标全国卷II】2．Would you like to ________ with us to the film tonight?
A．come along B．come off
C．come across D．come through
35.【2021天津卷】8．I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn't able to ________.
A．get away B．drop in
C．check out D．hold on
构成转折关系，故get away符合题意。

本题句意为“我本期望今年去度假，但是没能去成”。

【答案】 A
36.【2021福建卷】28．Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.
A．turn down B．turn out
C．break down D．break out
37.【2021辽宁卷】32．Briggs will ________ as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away B．take over
C．set off D．run out
38.【2021江苏卷】29．Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A．get over B．look over
C．take over D．come over
39.【2021湖北卷】26．In much of the animal world, night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
A．set aside B．set down
C．set off D．set up
【解析】这里pure and simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的缘由。

这里用set
aside
40.【2021安徽卷】22．Before you pay a visit to a place of interest，look in your local library ________ a book about it.
A．on B．at
C．for D．to
41.【2021安徽卷】26．Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they ________ on their life journey.
A．give up B．settle down
C．get through D．set off
42.【2021江西卷】27．Mother always complains that children________their shoes very quickly.
A．find out B．wash out
C．wear out D．set out
43.【2021陕西卷】25．My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking, but at least he has________.
A．cut out B．cut down
C．cut up D．cut off
44.【2021湖北卷】25．Butterflies________a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
A．carry on B．feed on
C．put on D．focus on
【随堂巩固】
1．Getting your students________in classroom activities is vitally important.
A．trapped B．devoted
C．stuck D．involved
2．—I will have to think about it again.
—If you________，you may lose the opportunity to compete altogether.
A．hesitate B．wonder
C．continue D．fail
3．He will have to find some other work，for he can't________this loud noise any more.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．make up with D．keep up with
4．It has been reported that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.
A．overlook B．employ
C．abandon D．abuse
5．New computers are soon out of date since newer models are________constantly.
A．turned up B．turned out
C．turned down D．turned over
6．He made a good preparation for the job interview，for he couldn't________losing the good opportunity.
A．admit B．delay
C．avoid D．risk
7．As the road to the airport is under reconstruction，we'd better________ early to avoid the traffic jam.
A．pay off B．set off
C．put off D．take off
【解析】句意：由于通向机场的路在重建，所以我们最好早点动身以避开交通堵塞。

A ：付清，取得
8．Children who are over－protected by their parents may become________．
A．hurt B．spoiled
C．damaged D．harmed
9．A good speaker is supposed to manage to________the listeners what he means.
A．make sense to B．appeal to
C．attach to D．get across to
10．All her hard work ________in the end，and she finally passed the exam.
A．paid back B．paid off
C．brought out D．brought off
11．Maria________the interviewers with her knowledge and experience，and as a result she was offered the job.
A．provided B．inspired
C．persuaded D．impressed
12．—What attracted you to our university?
—You have a great basketball team and I can________for it.
A．work out B．look out
C．try out D．carry out
13．The two countries agreed to________their differences and work together for peace，which has a positive effect on the international situation.
A．set down B．set out
C．set aside D．set about
14．She wanted to ask if he had news of Williams，but words________in her throat.
A．burst B．stuck
C．broke D．settled
15．—Jack，this is the third time that you have been late this week.
—Sorry，sir，but I was________for 15 minutes on the way here in the traffic jam.
A．give up B．put up
C．taken up D．held up
16．A college is going to________a student's ability based on grades and then make the decision to admit or refuse an applicant.
A．experiment B．parallel
C．assess D．observe
17．If you cheat in the exam，you can hardly________it.
A．put up with B．get away with
C．break away with D．come up with
18．—John can't concentrate on his studies recently.
—Yes，that might________why he did so badly in the last exam.
A．answer for B．apply for
C．account for D．call for
19．The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to________your anger.
A．put down B．hold back
C．keep up D．cut off
20．According to the Nobel Prize organization，Mo Yan's work displays a mixture of fantasy and reality，
________historical and social aspects.
A．conducting B．combining
C．conflicting D．concluding。