TED演讲中英文本.

TED 演讲中英文本—《怎样从错误中学习》
I have been teaching for a long time, andin doing so have acquired a body of knowledge about kids
and learning that Ireally wish more people would understand aboutthe potential of students. In1931, my grandmother -- bottom left for you guys over here -- graduated fromthe eighth grade. She went to school to get the information because that'swhere the information lived. It was in the books, it was inside the teacher'shead, and she needed to go there to get the information, because that's how youlearned. Fast-forward a generation: this is theone room schoolhouse, Oak Grove, where my father went to a one roomschoolhouse. And he again had to travel to the school to get theinformation from the teacher, store it in the only portable memory he has,which is inside his own head, and take it with him, because that is howinformation was being transported from teacher to student and then used in theworld. When I was a kid, we had a set of encyclopedias at my house. It was purchased the year Iwas born, and it was extraordinary, because I did not have to wait to go to thelibrary to get to the information; the information was inside my house and itwas awesome. This was different than either generation had experienced before,and it changed the way I interacted with information even at just a smalllevel. But the information was closer to me. I could getaccess to it.
我已从事教学很长一段时间,在这个过程中,获得很多关于儿童和学习的知识,但我真的希望更多人能理
解学生的潜能。

1931年,我的奶奶,在相片的左下角,从八年级毕业。

她从学校中获得知识,因为学校
是知识的殿堂。

知识在书本中,在老师脑海中,她需要到学校获得,因为这正是学习的方法。

很快的前进
了一代,这是 Oak Grove的校舍,只有一间,我父亲去只有一间校舍的学校上学。

他依然得前往学校,
从老师身上学习知识,存储在他唯一的便携式记忆中-他的大脑,并随身携带,因为这就是知识传播的方
式。

老师传授给学生,然后在世界上运用。

当我还是个孩子时,家中有一套百科全书,是在我出生那年购
买的。

当时看来很棒,因为我不需要等到去图书馆时才能获得资料,这些资料就在我家。

这很棒,跟上一
代人经历过的相比之下与众不同, 它改变了我与知识的互动, 即使只有一点点程度。

但这些知识离我更近,
随手可得。

(背景:当学习知识的途径越来越多时,学校和教师已不再是人们获取知识的唯一来源
In the time thatpasses between when I was a kid in high school and when I started teaching, wereally see the advent of the internet. Right about the time the internet getsgoing as an educationa l tool, I take off from Wisconsin and move to Kansas,small town Kansas, where I had an opportunity to teach in a lovely, small townrural Kansas school district, where I was teaching my favorite subjec t,American government. My first year -- super gung ho --going to teach American government, loved political system. Kids in the 12thgrade: not exactly all that enthusiastic about the American govern mentsystem. Year two: learned a few things -- had to change my tactic. And I put in front of them an authentic experience that allowedthem to learn for themselves. I didn't tell them what to do, or h ow to do it. Iposed a problem in front of them, which was to put on an election forumfor their own community.
They producedfliers, they called offices, they checked schedules, they were meeting with secretaries, they produced an election forum booklet for the entire town tolearn more
about their candidates. They invited everyone into the schoolfor an evening of conversation about government and politics and whether or notthe streets were done well, and really had this robust experiential learning.The older teachers -- more experienced -- looked at me and went, "Oh,there she is. That's so cute. She's trying to get that done." (Laughter"She doesn't know what she's in for." But I knew that the kids wouldshow up. And I believed it. And I told them every week what I expected out ofthem. And that night, all 90 kids -- dressed appropriately, doing their job,owning it. I had to just sit and watch. It was theirs. It wasexperiential. It was authentic. It meant something to them. And they will stepup.
在我还是个高中生到我开始教书那段时间当中,我们目睹因特网的出现。

大约
在因特网成为一种教育工具的时候,我离开威斯康辛,搬到堪萨斯,堪萨斯的一个小镇。

在那里一个可爱的小镇中,即堪萨斯州乡村学区,我得到教书的机会。

在那里,我教授我最喜欢的科目-美国政府。

第一年我满怀热情,卖力教授美国政府这门我所喜爱的政治体制, 12年级的孩子们并不完全热衷于美国政府体制。

第二年我学到了一些东西,我得改变策略。

我将一个真实的体验呈现在他们面前,让他们能为自己学习。

我没有告诉他们该做什么、该怎么做,我把一个问题摆在他们眼前,就是为他们小区建立一个选举论坛。

他们制作传单,号召办事处;他们确认行程,与秘书会谈;制作一本选举论坛小册,
让整个小镇对候选人有更充分了解。

他们邀请大家到学校进行夜间会谈, 关于政府与政治的议题, 以及街道是否都已建设完善? 并真正拥有这个强大的学习体验。

较
具经验的年长的老师看着我并走过来说, “ 哦,就是她,多天真!她真以为自己办得
到! ” (笑声“ 她根本不知道自己会遭遇什么状况。

” 但我知道这些孩子会出席,我相信这一点。

我每星期都告诉他们我对他们的期许。

那天晚上,全部 90个孩子穿着适当,做本分的工作,并拥有这个体验,我只需坐着旁观。

这是属于他们的,这是一个体验,这是真实的,这对他们深有意义,他们会进步。

(事例 1:体验式学习让学生获益匪浅
From Kansas, Imoved on to lovely Arizona, where I taught in Flagstaff for a number of years,this time with middle school students. Luckily I didn't have to teach themAmerican government. Could teach them the more exciting topic of geography.Again, thrilled to learn. But what was interesting about this position I foundmyself in in Arizona, was I had this really extraordinarily eclectic groupof kids to work with in a truly public school. And we got to have these momentswhere we would get these opportunities. And one opportunity was we got to goand meet Paul Rusesabagina, which is the gentleman that the movie "HotelRwanda" is based after. And he was going to speak at the high school nextdoor to us. We could walk there; we didn't even have to pay for the buses.There was no expense cost. Perfect field trip.
The problem thenbecomes how do you take seventh- and eighth-graders to a talk about genocideand deal with the subject in a way that is responsible and respectful, andthey know what to do with it. And so we chose to look at Paul Rusesabagina asan example of a gentleman who singularly used his life to do somethingpositive. I then challenged the kids to identify someone in their own life, orin their own story, or in their own world, that they could identify that haddone a similar thing. I asked them to produce a little movie about it. It's thefirst time we'd done this. Nobody really knew how to make these little movieson the computer. But they were into it. And I asked them to put their own voiceover it. It was the most awesome moment of revelation that when you askkids to use their own voice and ask them to speak for themselves, what they'rewilling to share. The last question of the assignment is: how do you plan touse your life to positively impact other people? The things that kids will saywhen you ask them and take the time to listen is extraordinary.
我从堪萨斯搬到可爱的亚利桑那,我在 Flagstaff 教了好几年,这次是教中学生。

幸运的是,我不用教他们美国政府,可以教他们更令人兴奋的地理学。

再次的,因学习而振奋。

但我发现自己在亚利桑那州这份工作有趣的部分是,我确实能和这一群杰出的中学生一起合作,在一所真正的公立学校中。

我们必须把握拥有这个机会的时
刻,这个机会是,我们要去与 Paul Rusesabagina见面。

这位绅士,电影《卢安达饭店》以他为背景,他将来到我们隔壁的高中演讲。

我们可以走到那里,甚至不需付公交费用。

没有任何费用成本,完美的实地考察。

问题来了。

如何将七、八年级的学生带到谈论种族屠杀的演讲中,并以负责和尊重的方式处理这个问题?他们知道该怎么做。

所以我们选择将 Paul Rusesabagina 视为一位绅士的典范,他令人罕见的用自己生命做一些正面的事,然后我给了学生一个挑战,要他们在自己的生活、故事或世界中,定义一个他们认为做了类似事情的人。

我要求他们制作一部与这有关的短片,这是我们第一次这么做。

没有人真正知道如何在计算机上制作这个短片,但他们参与了。

我要求他们用自己的声音配旁白,这是一个最棒的启示时刻。

当你要孩子们用他们自己的声音,要他们为自己发声,说出他们愿意分享的东西。

这个作业最后一个问题是,你打算如何用你的生命带给其它人正面影响?当你问他们,并花时间倾听时,孩子们所说的是非同寻常的。

(事例 2:自主式学习让学生获益匪浅
Fast-forward to Pennsylvania, where I find myself today. I teach at the Science LeadershipAcademy, which is a partnership school between the Franklin Institute and theschool district of Philadelphia. We are a nine through 12 public school,but we do school quite differently. I moved there primarily to be part of alearning environment that validated the way that I knew that kids learned, andthat really wanted to investigate what was possible when you are willing to letgo of some of the paradigms of the past, of information scarcity when mygrandmother was in school and when my father was in school and even when I
wasin school, and to a moment when we have information surplus. So what do you do when the information is all around you? Whydo you have kids come to school if they no longer have to come there toget the information?
In Philadelphia wehave a one-to-one laptop program, so the kids are bringing laptops with themeveryday, taking them home, getting access to information. And here's
the thingthat you need to get comfortable with when you've given the tool to acquireinformation to students, is that you have to be comfortable with this idea ofallowing kids to fail as part of the learning process.We deal right now in the educational landscape with an infatuation with theculture of one right them to always have the right answer doesn't allow themto learn. So we did this project, and this is one of the artifacts ofthe project. I almost never show them off because of the issue of the idea offailure.
My studentsproduced these info-graphics as a result of a unit that we decided to do at theend of the year responding to the oil spill. I asked them to take the examplesthat we were seeing of the info-graphics that existed in a lot of mass media,and take a look at what were the interesting components of it, and produce onefor themselves from a different man-made disaster from American history. Andthey had certain criteria to do it. They were a little uncomfortable with it,because we'd never done this before, and they didn't know exactly how to do it.They can talk -- they're very smooth, and they can write very, very well, butasking them to communicate ideas in a different way was a little uncomfortablefor them. But I gave them the room to just do the thing. Go create. Go figureit out. Let's see what we can do. And the student that persistently turns outthe best visual product did not disappoint. This was done in like twoor three days. And this is the work of the student that consistently didit. And when I sat thestudents down, I said, "Who's got the best one?" And they immediatelywent, "There it is." Didn't read anything. "There it is."And I said, "Well what makes it great?" And they're like, "Oh,the design's good, and he's using good color. And there's some ... " Andthey went through all that we processed out loud. And I said, "Go readit." And they're like, "Oh, that one wasn't so awesome." Andthen we went to another one -- it didn't have great visuals, but it had greatinformation -- and spent an hour talking about the learning process, because it wasn't about whether or not it was perfect,or whether or not it was what I could create; it asked them to create forthemselves. And it allowed them to fail, process, learn from. And when
we doanother round of this in my class this year, they will do better this time.Because learning has to include an amount of failure,because failure is instructional in the process.
很快的来看宾夕法尼亚,我在那里找到现在的自我。

我在领导科学研究院教书,这是 Franklin 研究所和费城学区间的联合建教学校。

这是一所 9到 12年级的公立学校,但我们用十分不同的方法教学。

我搬到那里主要是想成为学习环境的一部分,并证实我对孩子们学习方式所知,而且确实想调查,当你愿意对一些过去的陈规放手,什么是可能的。

信息匮乏的时代,从我奶奶上学时,到我父亲、甚至我上学时,一直到信息爆炸的时代。

所以当信息随手可得时,你会怎么做?为什么你要孩子去学校?如果他们不再需要到校就能获得知识?
在费城,我们有一人一台电脑课程,所以孩子每天带着他们的电脑,带电脑回家以获得知识。

你必须适应的是,当你提供工具让学生获得知识,你必须适应这个想法,允许孩子失败,作为学习过程的一部分。

我们目前面对的教育现况是,迷恋于一个正确答案的文化,这可能出现在一般选择题测验中。

我在这里与大家分享,这不是学习,这是大错特错的要求,告诉孩子永远不能出错,要求他们永远要有正确的答案,不允许他们学习。

所以我们做这个专题,这是其中一个专题的作品,我很少展示这个,因为这个专题的结果失败了。

我的学生们制作这些资料图,作为一个小组的成品,我们决定在年末来做,作为对漏油问题的回应。

我要他们以看到的资料图为例,那是许多传媒中都有的资料,看一看其中有趣的部分是什么,为自己也制作一个,以美国历史中不同的人为灾难为题。

他们要以一定的标准去做,他们对这个有点不适应,因为我们从来没有做过这个,他们不知道究竟该怎么做。

他们可以讨论,进行的非常顺利,他们可以写得非常非常好。

但要求他们以不同的方式做想法交流, 让他们有点不自在。

但我给他们空间, 就只是做这件事, 去创造、去弄明白,看看我们能做些什么。

学生努力不懈,制作出最佳的视觉作品,没有让人失望。

这是在大约两、三天之内完成的,这是学生一致推崇的作品。

我要学生坐下来,问:“ 谁的作品最好? ”他们立刻开口, “ 那个” ,上面没有可读的数据, “ 就是那个” 。

我说, “ 好在哪里? ” 他们这么说, “ 哦,设计的很好,色彩用的很好,还有什么什么…” 他们在整个过程中大声讨论。

我说, “ 念出来” 。

他们说, “ 喔,
那个也不是那么棒” 。

然后我们看另一个。

没有很好的视觉效果, 但有很多的数据,并花了一个小时讨论学习过程。

因为这跟它是否完美,或它是否是我可以创造出来
的无关,要求是要他们为自己创造。

这个专题允许他们失败,经历过程、从中学习。

我的班级今年会再做一次这个专题,这次他们将做得更好,因为学习必须包括一些失败,因为失败是教学的一部份。

(事例 3:学会接受体验式学习的过程中必然包括失败,并且还是学习中至关重要的一部分
There are amillion pictures that I could click through here, and had to choose carefully-- this is one of my favorites -- of students learning, of what learning canlook like in a
landscape where we let go of the idea that kids have tocome to school to get the information, but instead, ask them what they can dowith it. Ask them really interesting questions. Theywill not disappoint. Ask them to go to places, to see things for themselves, toactually experience the learning, to play, to inquire. This is one of myfavorite photos, because this was taken on Tuesday, when I asked the studentsto go to the polls. This is Robbie, and this was his first day of voting, andhe wanted to share that with everybody and do that. But this is learning too,because we asked them to go out into real spaces.
The main point isthat, if we continue to look at education as if it'sabout coming to school to get the information and not about experientiallearning, empowering student voice and embracing failure, we're missingthe mark. And everything that everybody is talking about today isn't possibleif we keep having an educational system that does not value these qualities, because we won't get there with a standardized test, and wewon't get there with a culture of one right answer. We know how to do thisbetter, and it's time
to do better. 在这个过程中有很多照片，我可以从这里点击出来，但得谨慎选择，
这是我最喜欢的一张，学生的学习。

学习可以是什么光景？在一个景象中，我们
放开孩子们必须到学校以获取知识这个观念，相对地，问他们可以如何运用，问
他们真正感兴趣的问题，他们不会失望。

要他们到四处去为自己观察东西，实际体验学习、玩耍、探究。

这是我最喜欢的照片之一，因为这是周二照的。

我要学生
去投票，这是罗比，这是他第一次投票，他想与大家共享，并做这件事，但这也是学习。

因为我们要他们踏出去，到真实世界中。

重点是，如果我们继续把教育当做到学校去获得知识，而非经验的学习，赋予学生发声的权益并拥抱失败，我们会迷失。

如果我们继续拥有一个不重视这些特质的教育系统，今日每人所谈论的一切都将是不可能的。

因为我们无法以一个标准化测验达成，无法以单一正确答案的文化达成目标。

我们知道如何做得更好，现在正是将它做得更好的时候！（结尾：在学校和教育不再是获取知识的唯一途径时，其职责应是引导学生进行经验式学习，赋予学生发声的权利并拥抱失败） TED 演讲中英文本——《在死之前，我想...》 There are a lot ofways the people around us can help improve our lives. We don't bump into everyneighbor, so a lot of wisdom never gets passed on, though we do share the samepublic spaces. So over the pastfew years, I've tried ways to share more with my neighbors in public space,using simple tools like stickers, stencils and chalk. And these projects camefrom questions I had, like, how much are my neighbors paying for theirapartments? (Laughter How can we lend and borrow more things without knockingon each other's doors at a bad time? How can we share more of our memories ofour abandoned buildings, and gain a better understanding of our landscape? Andhow can we share more of our hopes for our vacant storefronts, so ourcommunities can reflect our needs and dreams today? Now, I live in NewOrleans, and I am in love with New Orleans. My soul is always soothed by thegiant live oak trees, shading lovers, drunks and dreamers for hundreds ofyears, and I trust a city that always makes way for music. (Laughter I feellike every time someone sneezes, New Orleans has a parade. (Laughter The cityhas some of the most beautiful
architecture in the world, but it also has oneof the highest amounts of abandoned properties in America. I live near thishouse, and I thought about how I could make it a nicer space for myneighborhood, and I also thought about something that changed my life forever. 我们周围的人能以很多种方式来帮我们把生活变得更美好我们不一定能常常碰到我们的邻居所以即使我们生活在同一片公共空间里邻居的智慧也难以被传递开来所以在过去的几年里，我尝试着以不同的方式如用贴纸、展板和粉笔这些
简单工具来在公共空间里与邻居分享更多的东西这些项目都源自于我自己的一些疑问，如我的邻居得付多少房租？（笑声）我们怎么样能够从邻里间互借到更多的东西同时避免在不合时宜的时候敲开对方的门？我们怎样能够更好地分享各自的关于被毁弃的建筑的回忆并更好地理解我们居住的这片土地？怎样更能表达我们对空置的店面的期待使我们的社区能反映出我们现在的需求和梦想？我现时住在新奥尔良并深深地爱上了这座城市那些生生不息的巨型橡树总是可以抚慰我的灵魂几百年来，情侣、醉汉和追梦人们总会稍息在树影下我深信这一座充满着音乐律动的城市每当有人打喷嚏时，我都感觉新奥尔良来了一只游行队伍（笑声）新奥尔良拥有世界上很多最漂亮的建筑但同时，她也是全美拥有最多废弃建筑的城市我住在这栋房子附近，我就想如何让它在这片社区里成为一个更好的地方也思考了另一件事这件事彻底改变了我的人生 In 2009, I lostsomeone I loved very much. Her name was Joan, and she was a mother to me, andher death was sudden and unexpected. And I thoughtabout death a lot, and this made me feel deep gratitude for the time I've had,and brought clarity to the things that are meaningful to my life now. But Istruggle to maintain this perspective in my daily life. I feel like it's easyto get caught up in the day-to-day, and forget what really matters to you. So with help fromold and new friends, I turned the side of this abandoned house into a giantchalkboard and stenciled it with a fill-in-the-blank sentence: "Before Idie, I want to ... " So anyone walking by can pick up a piece of chalk,reflect on their lives, and share their personal aspirations in public space. I didn't know whatto expect from this experiment, but by the next day, the wall was entirelyfilled out, and it kept growing. And I'd like to share a few things that peoplewrote on this wall. "Before Idie, I want to be tried for piracy." (Laughter "Before I die, I wantto straddle the International Date Line." "Before I die, I want tosing for millions." "Before I die, I want to plant a tree.""Before I die, I want to live off the grid." "Before I die, Iwant to hold her one more time." "Before I die, I want to besomeone's cavalry." "Before I die, I want to be completelymyself."
So this neglectedspace became a constructive one, and people's hopes and dreams made me laughout loud, tear up, and they consoled me during my own tough times. It's
aboutknowing you're not alone. It's about understanding our neighbors in new andenlightening ways. It's about making space for reflection and contemplation,and remembering what really matters most to us as we grow and change. I made this lastyear, and started receiving hundreds of messages from passionate people whowanted to make a wall with their community, so my civic center colleagues and Imade a tool kit, and now walls have been made in countries around the world,including Kazakhstan, South Africa, Australia, Argentina and beyond. Together,we've shown how powerful our public spaces can be if we're given theopportunity to have a voice and share more with one another. 2009 年，我失去了一个我挚爱的人她的名字叫琼，对我来讲，她就像我的母亲一样她死得很突然，没有人预料到然后我思考了很多关于死亡的事然后..这件事让我对我拥有的时光怀着深切致意并且显现出了那些对我的生命有真正意义的东西但我却很难在日常生活中保持这种心态我觉得人们太容易被日复一日的琐碎困住而忘记什么才是真正重要的事我于是在一些新老朋友的帮助下把这栋废弃的房子的一面墙做成了一个巨型黑板我在上面写满了同一道填空题“在死之前，我想..” 所以每一个路过的人都可以捡起一根粉笔在公共场合里留下一些他们人生的痕迹且来分享他们内心深处的愿望我并不知道该从这个实验里期待些什么但是第二天，整个墙壁都被填满了而且不断有人添加新的答案我想跟大家分享一些人们在那面墙上写的东西“在死之前，我想为我的海盗行为接受审判”（笑声）“在死之前，我想跨过国际日期变更线” “在死之前，我想在上百万的观众面前唱歌” “在死之前，我想种一棵树” “在死之前，我想过隐居的生活” “在死之前，我想再抱她一次” “在死之前，我想成为某个人的骑士” “在死之前，我想要做完全真实的自己” 这个本来被遗忘的建筑变成了一个极具建设性的地方这些人的希望和梦想让我放声大笑，也黯然落泪也曾在我经历困境的时候给我安慰这让我们相信自己并不孤单让我们对邻居有了全新的启发心智的了解这为我们营造了一个反省和思考的空间也提醒我们在不断成长改变的过程中什么才是最为重要的这个黑板是我去年做的，然后我就不断收到一些热情的人们给我发的信息说想在他们的社区里也设立一面这样的墙壁所以我和我的同事们就做了一个小型工具箱现在，这面墙壁已经遍布全球包括哈萨克斯坦，南非澳大利亚阿根廷等地这些迹象表明，如果我们
能有一个表达自己的意愿并与他人分享的机会那么公共空间将发挥巨大的作用Two of the mostvaluable things we have are time and our relationships with other people. Inour age of increasing distractions, it's more important than ever to find waysto maintain perspective and remember that life is brief and tender. Death issomething that we're often
discouraged to talk about or even think about, butI've realized that preparing for death is one of the most empowering things youcan do. Thinking about death clarifies your life. Our shared spacescan better reflect what matters to us as individuals and as a community, andwith more ways to share our hopes, fears and stories, the people around us cannot only help us make better places, they can help us lead better lives. Thankyou. (Applause 我们所拥有的最珍贵的两样东西，一个是时间还有一个，是与他人的联系在这个物欲横流的时代里努力坚持自我，铭记人生的短暂与生命的脆弱变得比以往任何时代都更重要我们总是没有勇气谈论死亡甚至没有勇气去想着死亡但是我意识到，为死亡做心理准备是我们能够做到的最有力的事情之一思考死亡能够让你对自己的人生有更清醒的认识公共空间可以更好的体现到底什么对我们是真正重要的无论是对个人来说或者对于整个社区来说有了更多的方式来分享我们的希望，恐惧和经历我们身边的人不仅能够帮助我们创造更美好的地方更帮助我们过上更美好的生活谢谢（掌声）。