2023年初中英语时态语法精讲之不定式的完成式与进行式

2023年初中英语时态语法精讲之不定式的完成式与进行式
不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式概念：
不定式的完成式主要表示已经完成的动作—既可能是表示先于谓语动作已经完成，也可能是先于某个特定时间已经完成。

如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting. (=I am sorry that I have kept you waiting) 对不起，让你久等了。

不定式的完成式（to have+过去分词）的用法：
1、表示在主句谓语的动作之前发生的事情：
如：I'm glad to have met your parents here. 我很高兴在这儿见到了你父母（已见过）
I'm sorry to have kept him waiting for me so long. 我很抱歉让他等了我这样久。

（已经等过了）
2、动词不定式的完成式和下列动词的过去时连用，表示过去没有实现的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean,w ish,等。

注意一定是它们的过去时。

另外还有should/wouldlike/love。

这个结构表示“本打算/想/计划…”的意思。

例如：The game were to have taken place in Room. 比赛原计划在罗马举行。

He planned to have gone abroad last week.=He planned to go abroad but he didn't. 他原计划上周出国的。

I'd like to have been offered the job and(to have been)given the opportunity to prove myself. 我真想（当时）把这个工作给了我，给我个机会让我证明我自己。

同样的意思也可用上述动词的过去完成时加动词不定式的一般式来表达。

例如：I had hoped to visit the great pyramid.
=I hoped to have visited the great pyramid.
=I hoped to visitit, but I didn't. 我本希望参观大金字塔的。

They would have liked to have your help.
=They would like to have had your help.
=They wanted to have your help but they didn't have it. 他们本想得到你帮助的。

动词不定式时态知识体系：
不定式完成式的三点用法说明：
（1）表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。

如：He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。

I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。

（2）表示在某个给定的时间之前已完成的动作。

如：I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望现在以前已完成这项工作。

（3）表示过去未曾实现的想法和愿望。

如：I should like to have come earlier. 我本想早点来的。

We were to have been married last year. 我们本来打算去年结婚的
不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式的概念：
表示的动作或状态在谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行。

如：They pretended to be working very hard. 他们假装正在努力工作。

不定式进行式用法归纳：
不定式进行式的基本形式为to be doing，其主要用法如下：
1、表示同时进行，即表示谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。

如：He pretended to be studying. 他假装在学习。

I happened to be standing next to him when he collapsed. 他倒下的时候我恰巧站在他旁边。

2、表示将来，正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。

如：I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。

The old man seems to be dying. 这老人似乎要死了。

I'm quite pleased to be leaving this country. 就要离开这个国家我很高兴。

3、表示一般情况，即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。

如：I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot. 我发现他似乎烟瘾很大。

Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。

You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。

不定式的进行式用法拓展：
不定式进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作，它在句子中可以用作以下成分：
一、用作主语：
如：It's nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在这儿真好。

Just to be doing something was a help. 做点事是有益处的。

二、用作表语：
如：He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在说什么。

Things seem to be going on smoothly. 似乎一切都很顺利。

He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。

三、用作宾语：
如：You won't want to be washing at this time of night. 夜里这时候你不要洗澡。

I hope to be staying with you. 我希望和你住在一起。

四、用作定语：
如：You've no need to be fearing. 你没有必要害怕。

Well, it's time to be making for home. 好，是回家的时候了。

五、用作状语：
如：You are lucky to be going by air. 你挺幸运的，能乘飞机走。

You are too young to be meeting young men. 你太小，不能交男朋友。

六、用作宾补：
如：Let's be moving, we're wasting time. 我们走吧，我们在浪费时间。

They thought her to be working in the library. 他们以为她在图书馆学习。

七、用作主补：
如：He believed her to be telling the truth. 他相信她讲的是真话。

He is believed to be going to the U.S.A. 据信他正在前往美国。

He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人们认为他躲在林子里。