2020届高考英语一轮(新课标通用)训练检测专题三阅读理解 考点十六 人物故事类 Word版含解析

考点十六人物故事类
A
限时10分钟
Idema, a Dutch Sinologist (汉学家), has served as the director of the Chinese Languages and Cultures Department at Leiden University of the Netherlands and was also director of Harvard's Fairbank Center for East Asian Research． He has studied ancient Chinese plays, novels and literature, and has authored or translated a number of influential books published in English and other languages．
The 70-year-old Dutch Sinologist recalled his half-century-long romance with Chinese culture during a recent visit to Beijing． As a child, the vivid descriptions of China in Nobel and Pulitzer Prize-winner Pearl S．Buck's books sparked Idema's interest in the country． He later read classic Chinese literature and spent whole days pouring through works at the National Library of China．
While many other experts on China focused on the country's economic transformation, Idema continued to study traditional Chinese literature．“There were scholars studying law, religion and society, but not traditional Chinese literature, which was my personal interest，” Idema explains．
Finding reference books for his research, especially regional publications, used to be a huge challenge, and Idema used to spend a lot of time collecting books and other materials during visits to China． Now it is much more convenient with the Internet．Idema usually chooses less-known subjects for his research and tries to get firsthand materials． In recent years, he has devoted himself to translating Chinese folk tales and writing about Chinese folk society and folk culture．
“Traditional Chinese culture is a passion． I have been studying it for 50 years and will continue to do so，” says the retired professor．
1．What does the underlined word “sparked” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Increased．B．Broke．
C．Performed．D．Aroused．
答案：D 词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“He later read classic Chinese literature and spent whole days pouring through works at the National Library of China．”后来他
开始阅读中国古典文学，可推断前文的books引起了他对中国的兴趣。

故选D。

2．Idema concentrated on traditional Chinese literature because ________．
A．he wanted to show he was different from others
B．he was interested in traditional Chinese literature
C．traditional Chinese literature is easier to study than other fields
D．he could benefit a lot from the traditional Chinese literature
答案：B 细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句中的“There were scholars studying law, religion and society, but not traditional Chinese literature, which was my personal interest”可知，他研究中国古典文学，是因为他的兴趣。

故选B。

3．What may be the best title for the text?
A．A Passion for Chinese Culture
B．The Life of Idema
C．Idema's Visit to China
D．The Personal Hobby
答案：A 标题判断题。

浏览全文，讲述的都是Idema对于中国古典文学的研究与热爱，结合第三段中的“While many other experts on China ．．．Idema explains．”可知，他研究中国古典文学是带着很大的兴趣和热情的。

故选A。

B
限时10分钟
Many experts say that Billy Wilder changed the history of American movies． He is often called the best moviemaker Hollywood has ever had． He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment． Wilder was one of the first directors to do this．
Billy Wilder was born in 1906 in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire． Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria．However, he began reporting for a Vienna newspaper after graduation． By the 1920s, he was writing movies in Germany． However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation． Wilder was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany． In 1933, he went to Paris． There he directed a movie for the first time． It was called TheBadSeed． Then he received word that producers in the United States had accepted one of his scripts． Billy Wilder left Europe for America．In America he formed a writing team with Charles Brackett． The two writers created many films together． Wilder and Brackett wrote several successful movies． One was the
nineteen thirty-nine movie, Ninotchka, starring Greta Garbo． Ernst Lubitsch directed the film． Wilder always praised this man as a friend and teacher whose humor and expert direction greatly influenced his works．
In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer． The next year, Wilder's first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success． It was TheSe v enYearItch． In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular． I．A．L． Diamond joined Wilder in writing SomeLikeItHot．
By the 1980s, Wilder no longer was considered the most unusual, creative filmmaker in Hollywood． In recent years, however, Billy Wilder received many more awards and honors．Critics praised his gifts to movie making．In 1987, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him the Irving G． Thalberg Memorial Award． It is the highest award a producer can receive．
4．Which is Wilder's first successful movie as an independent filmmaker?
A．Ninotchka．B．TheBadSeed．
C．SomeLikeItHot．D．TheSe v enYearItch．
答案：D 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer． The next year, Wilder's first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success．It was TheSevenYearItch．”可知，Wilder作为独立的电影制片人，制作的第一部成功的电影是TheSe v enYearItch。

故选D。

5．What can we know about Wilder according to the text?
A．He intended to be a lawyer at first．
B．He starred a movie for the first time in Paris．
C．He is the first director to make realistic movies．
D．He has been accepted as the most creative moviemaker．
答案：A 推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句“Billy Wilder started law school in Vienna, Austria．”可推断，一开始Wilder想要成为一名律师。

故选A。

6．Why did Wilder leave Germany?
A．He was Jewish and couldn't develop there．
B．The Nazis were searching for him everywhere．
C．He was invited to produce his script in America．
D．He expected to go to Paris to form a writing team．
答案：A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中提到的“However, the Nazis had risen to power in the nation． Wilder was Jewish, and he recognized that he had no future in Nazi Germany． In 1933, he went to Paris．”可知，纳粹开始在当时的德国执政，而Wilder 是犹太人，他认识到自己在德国没有未来，因此他离开了德国。

故选A。

7．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Maker of History of American Movies
B．Billy Wilder—a Best Filmmaker
C．An Autobiography of a Director
D．The Best Director and Producer
答案：B 标题判断题。

纵观全文可知，第一段第一句是文章的主旨，主要讲述Billy Wilder对于美国电影的贡献。

因此推断B项“Billy Wilder——一位最好的电影制作者”为最佳标题。

故选B。

C
限时7分钟
Writers used to approach publishers to have their work read by the public． Now they can simply post their work and find millions of instant audience．
After breaking up with her boyfriend, Bao Jingjing started “making up” a love story simply to distract (转移) her attention． Her story of a girl suffering the pain like hers progressed quickly, attracting many readers．
When Bao stopped writing as she was reunited with her boyfriend, she was urged to continue, as readers wanted to know what happened next．Bao finished it soon．It became so popular that it was turned into a best-seller．To_cap_it_all_off,_Bao's novel was later adapted into a successful movie．
Bao's story is only one of many Internet novels that have landed deals for physical books, TV shows and films． Unlike traditional writers who buried themselves in their books for years, some young writers like Bao have got readers rapidly online and find overnight success．
Bao admits her success was unexpected．She still remembers how surprised her parents were when she proudly gave them her copyright earnings．Online literature forums (论坛) are platforms for grass roots writers to succeed．
In recent years, Zhang Wei, known as “Tangjiasanshao”，has earned 177 million yuan by his fingers though working as an author was beyond his dreams． He topped the list of wealthiest Chinese Internet novelists twice and was the only online writer to be listed on the 2014 Forbes “Chinese Celebrity List”．
He admits that he is one of the few writers at the top of the pyramid while most online writers remain unknown． However, he urges that his success can be achieved by others, as long as “they write hard enough”．
8．According to the passage, we know that ________．
A．Bao Jingjing's parents didn't want her to be a writer
B．Bao Jingjing didn't really expect her success overnight
C．Bao Jingjing didn't finish her first online love story
D．Bao Jingjing's first online story was turned into a TV show
答案：B 细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句“Bao admits her success was unexpected．”可知，鲍鲸鲸承认她的成功是意想不到的。

故选B。

9．Th e underlined phrase “To cap it all off” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．
A．in conclusion B．in turn
C．in time D．in addition
答案：D 词义猜测题。

根据第三段倒数第二句“It became so popular that it was turned into a best-seller．”和最后一句中的“Bao's novel was later adapted into a successful movie．”可知，鲍鲸鲸的作品如此受欢迎以至于它后来被出版，并成了畅销书。

她的小说后来又被改编成一部成功的电影。

由此推断，To cap it all off在此处表递进关系。

故选D。

10．The author mentioned Zhang Wei's example mainly to ________．
A．introduce another online writer to the readers
B．show the example of another online writer's success
C．encourage readers to become online writers
D．express his admiration for online writer Zhang Wei
答案：B 推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文主要讲述一些现代网络作家获得了成功的故事，张威的经历只是其中一例。

故选B。

11．What can we infer from what Zhang Wei says in the last paragraph?
A．Few words, many deeds．B．First try, and then trust．
C．Harm set, harm get．D．No pain, no gain．
答案：D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句可知，张威认为只要够努力，就能像他一样成功。

故选D。

No pain, no gain．“不劳，无获”；Few words, many deeds．“少说多做”；Harm set, harm get．“害人害己”；First try, and then trust．“试过才信”。

D
限时8分钟
Kenji Croman has broken his bones, his shoulder and elbow, and nearly drowned several times． He's also had three close encounters with sharks over the years． A 10-foot wave landed directly on top of him five years ago, bending his body to the point that he actually kicked himself in the head．“I literally heard every bone in my body crack，” he said．
Croman has been photographing ocean waves since 2008, sometimes risking his life to get that perfect shot at the surf break． Despite the risks and certain injuries that come with wave photography, the Hawaii resident, body surfer and former competitive swimmer wouldn't do anything else．The 36-year-old photographer loves the thrill of meeting breaking waves head on, shooting waves as his interest and shooting surfers to pay the bills．
“The process of photographing waves requires more than just swimming out where the surf breaks and waiting，” he says． The night before a photo shoot Croman checks Surfline．com, a website and the coastal camera network that provides live and predicted ocean weather information, to see what the winds, waves and tide will be like at certain times．Croman has both a primary camera and a backup for emergencies．He goes without a wetsuit and uses a heavy underwater housing to protect his camera． There is no great way for him to protect himself． He admits there are probably protective clothes he should be wearing, but there is little he could have done to decrease the impact of the 10-foot wave that crashed on top of him．
The hardest part of Croman's job is staying calm in the face of breaking waves when his initial reaction is to panic and swim away． At most, Croman will take two to three shots of a single wave．“I've shot waves for so many years now that I see the wave in slow movement，” he said．
错误!
12．What do we know about Kenji Croman's job from the first paragraph?
A．It is a game of death．B．It is full of mysteries．
C．It requires patience．D．It calls for courage．
答案：D 推理判断题。

由第一段可知，为了拍摄海浪，Kenji Croman曾多次受伤，甚至几次面临着死亡。

由此可推知，这份工作需要超常的勇气。

故选D。

13．How does Kenji Croman make a living?
A．By taking swimming races．
B．By teaching photography．
C．By shooting surfers．
D．By surfing waves．
答案：C 细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句中的“shooting waves as his interest and shooting surfers to pay the bills”可知，Kenji Croman 靠为冲浪者拍摄谋生，而抢拍海浪仅仅是个人兴趣。

14．Why does Kenji Croman check the websites like Surfline．com?
A．To get better prepared for shooting．
B．To predict something about weather．
C．To learn more about surfing waves．
D．To buy better equipment for safety．
答案：A 推理判断题。

根据第三段第二句可知，Croman查看这个网站是想了解海洋的天气信息，以及了解在某些时刻风向、海浪和潮汐的情况，以便更好地为拍摄海浪做准备。

15．What would be the best title of the text?
A．Taking Adventures Around the Ocean
B．Risking His Life for the Perfect Wave
C．Making Preparations for Life Risks
D．Appreciating Breaking Waves in Danger
答案：B 标题判断题。

本文主要讲的是Croman冒着生命危险拍摄完美的海浪照片的故事，因此B项为最佳标题。

A
限时10分钟
(2018·浙江高考)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain． People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to RobinsonCrusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally．The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%． Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady．” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad．
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones． Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged． Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the MonaLisa．
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass． Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them． It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life．It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress． But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center． No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer．But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one．
1．Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A．They were difficult to understand．
B．They were popular among the rich．
C．They were seen as nearly worthless．
D．They were written mostly by women．
答案：C 细节理解题。

由题干中的18世纪可定位到第一段。

由该段最后一句“Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad．”可知，在18世纪，英国的小说几乎被认为没有价值。

故选C。

2．Dickens is compared with the MonaLisa in the text to stress ________．
A．his reputation in France
B．his interest in modern art
C．his success in publication
D．his importance in literature
答案：D 细节理解题。

由第二段最后两句可知，把他从英国文学殿堂中剔除的意义如同卢浮宫抛售《蒙娜·丽莎》。

将狄更斯与《蒙娜·丽莎》进行比较是为了强调狄更斯在文学上的重要性。

故选D。

3．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer．
B．To introduce an English novel．
C．To encourage studies on culture．
D．To promote values of the Victorian age．
答案：A 推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了狄更斯的伟大成就，旨在让人们永远记住这位伟大的作家。

故选A。

B
限时7分钟
(2017·北京高考)It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina． The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm． Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered (发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play． The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before．
Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground．“Paris's eyes rolled back，” Taylor says． “She started shaking． I knew it was an emergency．”
It certainly was．Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure．Without immediate
medical care, Paris would die． At first, no one moved． The girls were in shock． Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？”
CPR is a life-saving technique． To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs． Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly．
Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before．Still, she hesitated． She didn't think she knew it well enough． But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR．“It was scary． I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor．
Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down． One girl called 911． Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work．Luck stayed with them：Paris's heartbeat returned．
“I know I was really lucky，”Paris says now．“Most people don't survive this． My team saved my life．”
Experts say Paris is right：For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly．
Today, Paris is back on the softball team． Taylor will apply to college soon． She wants to be a nurse．“I feel more confident in my actions now，” Taylor says． “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation．”
4．What happened to Paris on a March day?
A．She caught a bad cold．
B．She had a sudden heart problem．
C．She was knocked down by a ball．
D．She shivered terribly during practice．
答案：B 细节理解题。

由第三段第二句“Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure．”可知，Paris突发心脏病。

故选B。

5．Why does Paris say she was lucky?
A．She made a worthy friend．
B．She recovered from shock．
C．She received immediate CPR．
D．She came back on the softball team．
答案：C 推理判断题。

由倒数第三段Paris所说的话可知，这种情况下，多数人都很难存活，她是非常幸运的，是她的团队救了她，故选C项(她得到了及时的心肺复苏救治)。

6．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?
A．Enthusiastic and kind．
B．Courageous and calm．
C．Cooperative and generous．
D．Ambitious and professional．
答案：B 推理判断题。

由第五段可知，Taylor虽然对自己的技术不太自信，但在没有其他人站出来的情况下，仍然对Paris实施心肺复苏救治，她心里清楚，这是生与死的区别，由此可以推测Taylor是非常勇敢而且镇静。

故选B。

C
限时7分钟
(2019·山东省枣庄八中月考)Christopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast． Diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病), Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin (胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness, and even death． And if that weren't bad enough, he had no health insurance．
After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided he'd better find a way to fight back．He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar, and created diabeticrockstar．com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources．
Jason Swencki's son, Kody, was diagnosed with type diabetes at six． Father and son visit the online children's forums (论坛) together most evenings．“Kody gets so excited, writing to kids from all over，” says Swencki, one of the site's volunteers． “They know what he's going through, so he doesn't feel lonely．”
Kody is anything but alone: Diabetes is now the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, with 24 million diagnosed cases． And more people are being diagnosed at younger ages．
These days, Thomas's main focus is his charity (慈善机构), Fight It, which provides
medicines and supplies to people—225 to date—who can't afford a diabetic's huge expenses．Fight-it．org has raised about $23,000—in products and in cash．In May, Thomas will hold the first annual Diabetic Rockstar Festival in the Caribbean．Even with a staff of 22 volunteers, Thomas often devotes up to 50 hours a week to his cause, while still doing his full-time job waiting tables．“Of the diabetes charities out there, most are putting money into finding a cure，”says Bentley Gubar, one of Rockstar's original members． “But Christopher is the only person I know saying people need help now．”
错误!
7．Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas?
A．He needs to go to the doctor every day．
B．He studies the leading cause of diabetes．
C．He has a positive attitude to this disease．
D．He encourages diabetics by writing articles．
答案：C 细节理解题。

通读全文可知，Christopher Thomas积极地面对自己的疾病，所以C项正确。

A项与第一段中的“Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin (胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life”不符；B项与文中的Thomas 开办网站，与病人及其家属分享有关的信息和资源不符；D项提到的写作是Thomas 的专职工作，而他的志愿工作才是运作Fight It 这个慈善机构，故选C项。

8．Diabeticrockstar．com was created for ________．
A．diabetics to communicate
B．volunteers to find jobs
C．children to amuse themselves
D．rock stars to share resources
答案：A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“and created diabeticrockstar．com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved ones—a place where over 1,100 people share personal stories, information, and resources”可知，这是一个针对糖尿病患者和他们的亲人而设立的免费在线社区，1,100多人在上面分享个人故事、信息和资源，故选A项。

9．According to the text, Kody ________．
A．feels lonely because of his illness
B．benefits from diabeticrockstar．com
C．helps create the online kid's forums
D．writes children's stories online
答案：B 推理判断题。

根据第三段第二、三、四句可知，Kody父子俩晚上大部分时间都在网上访问儿童论坛。

Kody非常激动，给来自各地的孩子们写信，“该网站的志愿者之一Swencki说。

他们知道他在经历什么，所以他并不感到孤独。

”由此可推知，Kody 父子受益于这个网站，分析选项可知B项正确。

D
限时10分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage．
Their efforts have been proven fruitful． Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28． He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award．Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)．His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province． Many buildings on the campus are his original creations．The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities． Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types． The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view．
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages． He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors． This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．
Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions． Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize．
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums．“That is only evidence that traditions once existed，”he said．
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions． They think tradition means old things from the past． In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are st ill being created, ” he said．
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions．Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，”said Wang．
The study of traditions should be combined with practice． Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said．
10．Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ________．
A．following the latest world trend
B．getting international recognition
C．working harder than ever before
D．relying on foreign architects
答案：B推理判断题。

根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑师得到了国际社会的认可。

故B项正确。

11．What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A．Its hilly environment．
B．Its large size．
C．Its unique style．
D．Its diverse functions．
答案：C细节理解题。

根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述，尤其是该段最后一句可知，它独特的设计风格，给参观者留下了极为深刻的印象，故C正确。

12．What made Wang's architectural design a success?
A．The mixture of different shapes．
B．The balance of East and West．
C．The use of popular techniques．
D．The harmony of old and new．
答案：D细节理解题。

根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando 的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处在于他把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两
者之间的和谐平衡，故D正确。

13．What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A．Spread them to the world．
B．Preserve them at museums．
C．Teach them in universities．
D．Recreate them in practice．
答案：D推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中的“In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created”可知，对传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是虚假的和空洞的，故D正确。

E
限时10分钟
⊕(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2, 1840, in Dorsetshire, England． He died on January 11, 1928． In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design． The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training．
For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twentyseven, he turned to fiction． His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it． After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel DesperateRemedies, appeared in 1871． During the next twentyfive years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories．
UndertheGreen w oodTree(1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art． This and his next novel, APairofBlueEyes (1873), began to show deep irony (讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy's writings．
FarfromtheMaddingCro w d (1874) was his first popular success． It shows Hardy's amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story．This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included TheReturnoftheNati v e, Tessofthed'Urber v illes, his masterpiece, and JudetheObscure． Not until he was fiftyeight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixtyfour when the first part of his drama
TheDynasts surprised the literary world．
14．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?
A．He could practice writing while working．
B．He made a lot of money to support his writing．
C．He found material for his novels and poems．
D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels．
答案：D细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training．”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中，故选D项。

15．What is Thomas Hardy's UndertheGreen w oodTree considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks．
B．His first popular success．
C．His best novel in perfection of art．
D．One of his best collections of poems．
答案：C细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“UndertheGreen w oodTree(1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art．”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。

16．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?
A．DesperateRemedies．
B．APairofBlueEyes．
C．Tessofthed'Urber v illes．
D．TheDynasts．
答案：C细节理解题。

根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included TheReturnoftheNative, Tessofthed'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and JudetheObscure．”可知，Tessofthed'Urber v illes是性格和环境小说，故选C。

17．What type of writing is this text?
A．A novel．B．A biography．
C．A book review．D．A news report．
答案：B推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。