河南省许昌县2015届高三上期质量检测试题语文

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河南省许昌平顶山新乡2015年高三第一次调研考试——文科综合

许昌、平顶山、新乡2015年高三第一次调研考试文科综合能力测试注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的准考证号、姓名填写在答题卡上。

2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共140分）本卷共35个小题，每小题4分，共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

图1示意太阳直射点在地球表面移动的轨迹，读图完成1～3题。

1．当太阳直射点位于A处时，北京时间为A．6月23日6：40 B．6月23日6：24C．6月22日6：40 D．6月22日6：242．当太阳直射点从A点沿移动轨迹向西略偏南方向移动，到达B点时，用时A．12小时B．24小时C．36小时D．48小时3．图示时段所处的季节，地中海沿岸的气候特征是A．寒冷干燥B．温和湿润C．炎热干燥D．高温多雨读“某季节索马里洋流流向示意图”（图2），完成4～6题。

4．该季节为北半球的A．春季B．夏季C．秋季D．冬季5．驱动图示洋流的盛行风及该洋流的性质是A．东北季风，暖流B．西南季风，寒流C．东南季风，暖流D．西北季风，寒流6．图示洋流沿岸的景观为A．热带荒漠B．热带雨林C．热带草原D．亚热带常绿硬叶林读“我国三种产业生产布局的变化统计表”。

并结合学习过的知识，完成7～9题。

7．影响甲产业布局的主导因素是A．原料的供应B．大量廉价的劳动力C．交通的便利程度D．市场的开放程度8．决定乙、丙产业集中分布在京、沪、粤三地的主要原因是A．经济因素B．环境因素C．技术因素D．劳力因素9．有关甲、乙、丙产业布局叙述正确的是A．甲产业因生产条件优势的变化，有从沿海向内陆迁移的趋势B．乙、丙产业布局的集聚效应明显，主要是为了降低生产成本C．甲、乙、丙产业均属于劳动密集型产业D．三种产业布局变化体现了全球经济一体化的趋势读图3，完成10～11题。

2015河南省高考语文试卷及参考答案最新版本图文

1、下列句子中，没有语病的一项是A．今年五一节前夕，发改委发出紧急通知，禁止空调厂商和经销商不得以价格战的手段进行不正当竞争。

B．据报道，某市场被发现存在销售假冒伪劣产品，伪造质检报告书，管理部门将对此开展专项检查行动，进一步规范经营行为。

C．随着个人计算机的广泛应用，互联网以不可阻挡之势在全世界范围内掀起了影响社会不同领域、不同层次的变革浪潮。

D．打车软件为乘客和司机搭建起沟通平台，方便了市民打车，但出租车无论是否使用打车软件，均应遵守运营规则，这才能维护相关各方的合法权益和合理要求。

2、阅读下面的作品，完成14—16题。

（8分）镜湖女（南宋）陆游湖中居人事舟楫，家家以舟作生业。

女儿妆面花样红，小伞翻翻乱荷叶。

日暮归来月色新，菱歌缥缈泛烟津。

到家更约西邻女，明日湖桥看赛神。

14、从体裁上看，本作品属于（）（1分）A、古体诗B、近体诗C、歌行D、诗余15、对本作品分析不恰当的一项是（）（3分）A、“事舟楫”写湖边的人家日常靠船为生。

B、“乱荷叶”写女子摆动的伞把荷叶搅乱。

C、“月色新”写傍晚景色，暗示时间转换。

D、“泛烟津”写若有若无的歌声随波荡漾。

16、结合作品，对作者塑造的“镜湖女”形象加以赏析。

（4分）3、下面一段话有三个句子，其中一句有语病，请指出并针对语病进行修改，修改后的句子要保持原意。

（4分）①在长江三峡中，瞿塘峡最为雄奇险峻，峡内有不少令人惊叹的名胜古迹。

②在瞿塘峡北岸绝壁上，有一条沿江修建、全长65千米的古栈道，连通奉节白帝城与巫山青莲溪，全程异常艰险，这就是著名的夔巫古栈道。

③瞿塘峡南岸的白盐山有一处巨大的临江石壁，上面书写着自宋以来的篆、隶、楷、行等字体的数十块摩崖石刻，气势恢宏，与瞿塘峡雄伟的气势相得益彰。

有语病的句子是：__________________（只填序号）（2分）针对语病的修改__________________（2分）4、依次填入下面语段横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是散文能够真正地见出一位作家的个性和__________。

河南省许昌县第一高级中学高三英语第八次考试试题

河南省许昌县第一高级中学2015届高三英语第八次考试试题第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AA great way for teens to cool off during the summer is at water parks. If you live near a water park, you might think about getting a season pass. This way you can go as often as you like.Check to see if there are any water parks around you. Many are indoor facilities. So even if it isn’t warm enough where you live to swim outdoors, you can enjoy swimming in a temperature controlled area.The prices are usually good. For example, one ticket to Water World, a water park, is only $5.Some teens like to get a part time job over the summer to make some pocket money. Older teens shouldn’t have much trouble finding jobs.An idea is to get some teens together to form your own summer job business. You can walk dogs, bring in the newspapers, feed the cats, collect rubbish, water flowers, etc.Be ing that it’s summer, many people go on vacation and could use someone to look after their houses while they’re away. You can also think about othe r jobs you can do for them.Teens love freedom. Sure you would like to get to such places as the small, movie theaters, the zoo, the beach, picnic, bowling and local amusement park instead of staying home all summer. Then a summer bus pass will be helpful. Check to see if your area has one for you teens.Such a pass costs only $10 for the whole summer. The price is reasonable and also your parents don’t have to always drive.1. The word “Being that” in the f ifth paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. IfB. BecauseC. ForD. Until2. A summer bus pass is helpful for teens to ______.A. go out for funB. do outdoor sportsC. go to summer classesD. find part time jobs3. What’s the text mainly about?A. Part time jobsB. A summer passC. Things to do in summerD. Water park swimmingBA pioneer who made poor lands bloom is the winner of this year's World Food Prize. Daniel Hillel developed drip irrigation（滴灌）techniques that get the most crop out of a drop of water, making farming possible in places where water is scarce (缺少).Farmers now rely on it in water-scarce regions from Spanish vineyards(葡萄园), to African onion fields, to America’s fruit and salad bowl. “We in California grow about 50 percent of the fruits and vegetables of the continental United States," says University of California. "And the reason that is possible is because of, indeed, these drip and micro-irrigation techniques.”Hillel got his start in dry land farming as a pioneer in Israel’s Negev Desert in the 1950s. "The problem was efficient use of water," he says, "because land is available. Water is limited.”These desert farmers did not fully use water through channels to their crops, the way farmers have since ancient times. So Hillel and others gave plants just what they needed, just where they needed it.“The idea was to apply the water little by little, the way you spoon-feed a baby,” Hillel says. It worked so well that Hillel was soon traveling the world, showing others how to do it. Experts say drip irrigation is a new thing whose importance is growing, as climate change and rising population make water supplies short in many parts of the world.4.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Jan Hopmans takes pride in the American agriculture.B.Daniel Hillel is becoming more popular worldwide.C. Drip irrigation has made a difference to agriculture.D.Drip irrigation plays an important role in American agriculture.5.Drip irrigation is popular because________.A. it is water-saving and satisfactoryB.it is more advanced than channel irrigationC. it can collect rainwater and showD.it can provide plants with what is need6.What makes drip irrigation seem increasingly important?A.Dry land farming.B.Water shortages.C. Food shortages.D. Environmentalpollution.7.The author considers Daniel Hillel’s career as _______.A.a bit undesirableB.worthy of respectC.very profitableD.successfulCParents all struggle to get children to understand that money doesn’t grow on trees, wanting them to be responsible, work hard and learn to save a few dollars. But these lessons are among the most difficult to teach.Enter KidZania, an internationally praised and truly unique childr en’s theme park, makes life a little easier for parents. KidZania is not a traditional theme park in almost any sense of the world. There are plenty of attractions and activities that will keep children busy, active, engaged and excited all day.What makes it so much fun is that it is a kid-sized city—complete with banks, restaurants, grocery stores and hospitals—where the kids get to be adults, doing the things most of us do on any normal day. They put on their uniform and are ready to work and earn KidZania dollars (Kidzos). Kids get paid for every job they do, which helps them explore the mysteries of managing money. Kidzos in hand, they can spend it or save it. If they run short of money, they’ll have to find a way to earn some.Each KIdZania city is planned in amazing detail, even including real world brands that help the city and keep it running. I was a little cautious of all the popular brand, but the brands weren’t pushed at all. They are there to strengthen the “real city” feeling by mixing it with things kids recognize.KidNania employs senior citizens who give the park a homey feel and help put children at ease. Management also employs the disabled, whether blind, deaf or wheel-bound. Besides making for a more realistic city, this teaches children about those with different abilities and gives them an opportunity to spend time with people they might otherwise have stared at or treated less than kindly.8. KidZania is unique in that _____.A. it has no entertainment facilities.B. it includes lots of local activitiesC. it offers kids chances to learn through workingD. it employs many seniors and disabled people9. Children’s theme park KidZania is set up to _____.A. make them aware of their parents’ hardshipB. provide them with a place to have a good timeC. assist them in building a good relationship with parentsD. prepare them to be good citizens in the future10. The word “pushed” in the fourth paragraph is close st in meaning to _____.A. strengthenedB. attackedC. pressedD. affected11. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Children do part-time jobs at theme park.B. Kids get to “be” adults at KidZania theme park.C. KidZania theme park makes children’s life easier.D. A theme park pushes kids to be grown-ups.DMiddle school is typically a time of chaotic emotions, confusing relationships and challenging growing pains. But it may also have a surprisingly lasting influence on the future.In a study published in Child Development, researchers found that adoles cents who were best able to handle relationship and make sound behavior choices were most likely to be regarded by their parents as successful both socially and professionally when they became young adults. “How well you do with peers as an early teen tells us a whole lot about how you manage in a lot of diff erent ways as an adult.” says Allen, a professor.A research found that those who had the strongest interactions as adults, not surprisingly, were teens walking a middle group, remaining open to peer influence, but not allowing themselves to be controlled by the pressure. That doesn’t mean, however, that when it came to the most common pressures during adolescence, such as smoking, drinking and trying drugs, these teens would definitely say no.“In terms of alcohol and drug use, the safest path would be le ss influenced and slightly less connected with their peers, but that would then negatively affect your social relationships,” Allen notes. And being socially separated could have negative health consequence. “The research shows that it is as big a risk fac tor for dying early as cigarette smoking or obesity,” says Allen. “There is no free lunch here.”The findings also stress that it is important for teens to be accepted by their peers and suggests that adults should take these teens more seriously. “Many people think, ‘Why are teens so concerned about these relationships? They’re really no big deal.’” Allen says, “They care because these are indications for how they will function in life socially for the rest of their lives. Relationships are important to ph ysical and mental health.”12. From paragraph 2 we know that _______.A. good peer relationships are of great importance to teens’ futureB. the early life of adolescence means little for their futureC. handling relationships is not so important as making behavior choicesD. only the teens who can get along well with their peers can succeed in the future13. By saying “There is no free lunch here.”, Allen means that _______.A. people should pay for what they eatB. the safest path also has its problemsC. being socially separated will lead to alcohol and drug useD. social relationships will negatively affect one’s health14. The last paragraph is mainly intended to tell us that _____.A. it is important for adults to accept what teens areB. teens care too much about their relationships with peersC. teens should be encouraged to develop good relationships with peersD. teens’ relationships will affect their performance in later life.15. Which best describes the writ er’s tone in this passage?A. DoubtfulB. EnthusiasticC. ConcernedD. Objective第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)THINK 'ADDING VALUE' (and you'll get more money) Most people either 'like' their job, 'hate' their job or 'love' their job. Everyonewants to make more money regardless of how they feel about their job. The secret to making more money is, focus on adding value. Think less of what you can have or acquire. _____16______You don't always have to do more though we always can do more. What you might consider is 'doing different'. Let me explain.1. Do you choose to be happy at work? It's a choice. Mind what's important and the rest doesn't matter. ______17______ When you choose to be happy, you will affect others in the workplace.2. _______18_______ A 'drag' is a person who 'reduces all good.' Of course, they havea bad attitude. If you're this kind of person, you can change. Start being positive. If you've been a 'drag', don't go to work tomorrow. Just start looking for real reasons to give others some praise. Your influence will increase especially if you're in an environment where there is little praise and encouragement.3. CHOOSE what you are going to think. It's time to take back charge of your brain. _____19_____If you have nothing to read that is positive, send me your email address and I'll send you a free copy of my 'Powerful Attitudes' e-book. Read a little every morning. It will positively and powerfully affect the rest of your day.When you change yourself, you will add value in your workplace. Add value to your workplace by controlling your own attitude. _______20_______.A. Start your day by reading something positive.B. Think more of what you can do, produce or create.C. Just be yourself and create a strong self image.D. Are you a 'drag'?E. Your attitude and your happiness is important.F. Fall in love with it.G. You will advance faster and in time, make a lot more money.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation． 21 you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to 22 down．But relaxation is 23 for a healthy mind and body．Stress is a 24 part of everyday life and there is no way to 25 it．In fact, it is not the bad thing that it is often supposed to be．A 26 amount of stress is important to provide motivation and give 27 to life．It is only when the stress gets out of control 28 it can lead to poor performance and 29 health．The amount of stress a person can bear 30 very much on the individual．Some people are not afraid of stress．and such 31 are obviously chief material for managerial responsibilities．Others lose heart at first 32 of unusual difficulties．When exposed to stress, in 33 form, we react both chemically and physically．In fact we make a choice between 34 and fight．And in more ancient days the choices made the 35 between life and death．The crises（危机）we meet today are 36 to be so extreme, but however little the stress，it requires the same response．It is when such a reaction 37 long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes 38 . Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have 39 links with stress． 40 we cannot remove stress from our lives we need to find ways to deal with it．It would be unwise to do so even if we could．So what do you think of stress? What is your way to deal with it?21．A．When B．Once C．While D．As22．A．get B．calm C slow D．turn 23．A．necessary B．satisfied C．useful D．unnecessary 24．A．physical B．terrible C．hard D． natural 25．A．avoid B．solve C．tolerate D．accept26．A．sure B．certain C．large D．great 27．A．influence B．resource C．purpose D．instruction 28．A．when B．why C．how D．that29．A．weak B．good C．strong D．ill30．A．insists B．calls C．depends D．spends 31．A．patterns B．characters C．situations D．personalities 32．A．sight B．view C．glance D．impression 33．A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever 34．A．peace B．pressure C．fright D．heaviness 35．A．decision B．promise C．choice D．difference36．A．probable B．likely C．necessary D．unlikely37．A．lasts B．lives C．stands D．continues38．A．endangered B．injured C．balanced D．changeable39．A．achieved B．established C．found D．developed40．A．Unless B．Since C．Because D．As第二节语法填空（共10分；每小题1.5分，满分15分）At present, high school students are under increasing pressure to study long hours everyday. They spend over 8 hours a day studying at school, some of 41 even have to attendextra classes in their spare time. This greatly affects their health and makes their parentsand teachers 42 (concern). To help solve 43 problem, recently, some relevantgovernment departments have made a new regulation 44 no students shall go to schoolat weekends 45 during official holidays. We support such a reform and we know thatit is important 46 us students to balance study and 47 (relax). You see, NewYear’s Day 48 (approach), and I’ll make good use of the time to relax. Also, I cometo realize that 49 I can rest well, I will be able to study 50 (effective) whenI come back to school.第三部分：写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Dear Mary,Our city had changed a lot in the past 5 years. Firstly, more high buildings have appeared,that are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have set up, so it has become very convenientfor people trav el. However, many families have got car of their own. The people’s lifehere that has become rich and colorful. People can enjoy themselves on holiday. To mydelighted, I can taste delicious food of different countries. And now it is easy for meto keep touch with you than before, for I can email you in my office.Yours,Christine第二节书面表达 (25分)假定你是县一高的高三学生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。

河南省许昌县第一高级中学高三英语第17次考试试题

高三英语2015学年度第十七次考试英语试卷时间：110分钟满分：120分第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AJulia lived in the countryside, but one year she decided to visit the capital city to do some shopping and to see the sights. She stayed at a hotel near the central market. She had seldom been to the city before, and was very excited about what she would find.On the first morning of her visit, as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar(乞丐). He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth. Please give generously(慷慨地)．”Julia felt sorry for the blind beggar and she bent down and put a dollar coin into his bowl.“Thank you，” he said.The same thing happened again the following day. On the third day, however, Julia did not have a dollar coin. She had only fifty cents, so she dropped this into the beggar's bowl.“What have I done wrong？” the beggar said. “Why are you so stingy(吝啬的)today？” Julia was very surprised at what the beggar said.“How do y ou know I haven't given you a dollar？”she said. “If you're blind, you can't know what coin I put into your bowl.”“Ah，” explained the beggar, “the truth is that I'm not blind. I'm not blind. I'm just looking after this place for the regular beggar whil e he's on holiday.”“On holiday？” Julia said. “And what exactly does your blind friend do on holiday？”“He goes into the countryside，” the man said, “and takes photographs. He's a very good photographer.”1．Where was the beggar sitting?A．Between Julia's hotel and the market.B．In the busiest part of the city.C．Outside the shops.D．In the market.2．On the first two days, ________.A．the blind man waited for JuliaB．Julia gave the blind man some moneyC．the blind man demanded money from JuliaD．Julia gave him nothing3．On the third day, the blind man ________. A．accepted Julia's fifty cents quite happily B．noticed that Julia had only given him fifty cents C．refused Julia's fifty centsD．also received one dollar from JuliaBAB OUT LIPITOR“bad” cho lesterol(family historyover l0women who arema y harm your baby.take Lipitor.talking to your doctor.4. Taking Lipitor is helpful for .A. breast-feeding womenB. women who are pregnantC. adults having heart diseaseD. teenagers with liver problems5. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you shouldA. change the amount of your next doseB. eat more when taking your next doseC. have a dose as soon as you rememberD. take the next dose at your regular time6. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?A. Face swelling.B. Upset stomach.C. Kidney failure.D. Muscle weakness.7. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.B. To present a report on a scientific research.C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.D. To give information about a kind of medicine.COn March 25, 2013, two pandas were shipped from China to Canada. The pandas received a warm welcome to the North America from Canada’s Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Chinese ambassador(大使)Zhang Junsai.The pandas will spend five years at the Toronto Zoo, and then spend another five years at the Calgary Zoo. This is the first time in 20 years that pandas have been sent to a Canadian zoo. “I want to offer my sincere thanks to the government of China for sharing these two pandas, symbolizing peace and friendship, with all Canadians, ”said Prime Minister Harper. The pandas are named Er Shun and Da Mao. Er Shun, a five-year-old female, came from the Cho ngqing Zoo, in southwest China. Da Mao, a four-year-old male, traveled from Chengdu. The panda passengers were given plenty of snacks throughout the flight. Each panda received more than 200 pounds of bamboo and 100 pounds of apples.The number of pandas is decreasing and now there are only 1, 600 pandas left in the wild. And this is partly due t o the loss of their primary food source, bamboo. According to a recent study, warming temperatures are causing a shortage of bamboo in at least one region of China where pandas live.The climate in Er Shun and Da Mao’s new home in Canada isn’t perfect for growing bamboo. Twice a week, the Memphis Zoo, in Tennessee, will ship about 700 pounds of the green plant up north to the Toronto Zoo. While the pandas are far from China, zookeepers plan to make Canada feel like their home.8. We can know from the second paragraph that.A. China often sends pandas to CanadaB. C anada is very thankful for China’s helpC. the two pandas will spend ten years in CanadaD. the two pandas will only live in one place.9. According to the passage, the two pandas.A. are both four years oldB. are from the same Chinese zooC. can eat as many as 100 pounds of apples in a dayD. were given over 400 pounds of bamboo on the flight10. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. The reason for the decreasing number of pandas.B. The primary food source of pandas.C. The lifestyle of pandas in the wild.D. The effects of warming temperatures on bamboo.11. It can be learned from the passage that .A. pandas eat nothing but bamboo and applesB. the climate in Toronto is unfit for bamboo to growC. the animal that all Canadians like best is pandasD. China lent the two pandas just in order to help CanadaDHealthy food is a general term (术语) applied to all kinds of food that is considered healthier than the types of food sold in supermarkets. For example, whole grains, dried beans, and corn oil are health food. A narrower classification (分类) of healthy food is natural food. This ter m is used to distinguish (区分) between types of the same food. Raw honey is a natural sweetener, while refined(提炼的) sugar is not. Fresh fruit is a natural food, but canned fruit, with sugars and other additives (添加剂), is not. The most exact term of all and the narrowest classification within health food that has been grown on a particular kind of farm. Fruits and vegetable that are grown in gardens, that are treated only with organic fe rtilizers, tha t are not sprayed with poisonous insecticides (杀虫剂), and that are not refined after harvest, are organic food. Meat, fish, dairy and poultry products from animals that are fed only on organically-grown food and that are not injected with hormones (激素) are organic food.In choosing the type of food you eat, then, you have basically two choices: inorganic, processed(加工) food, or organic, unprocessed food. A wise decision should include study of the reason why processed food contains chemicals, some of which are proved to be poisonous and that vitamin content is greatly reduced in processed food.Bread is typically used by healthy food supporters as an example of a processed food. First, the seeds from which the grain is grown are treated with a chemical that is extremely harmful. Later, the grain is sprayed with a number of very deadly insecticides. After the grain has been made into flour, it is made white with another chemica l that is also poisonous. Next, a dough conditioner is added along with a softener. The conditioner and softener arepoisonous, and in fact, the softener has sickened and killed experimental animals.A very poisonous antifungal compound, is added to keep the bread from getting moldy (发霉的).Other food from the supermarket would show a similar pattern of processing and preserving(保存). You see, we buy our food on the basis of smell, color and texture, instead of vitamin content, and manufacturers give us what we want, even if it is poisonous. The alternative? Eat health foods, preferably the organic variety.12. What is the passage mainly about?A. Healthy food.B. The processing of bread.C. Processed food.D. Poisonous.13. What do all of the additives in bread have in common?A. They are all used to keep the bread from getting moldy.B. They are all poisonous.C. They are all organic.D. They all have all killed laboratory animals.14. What happens to food when it is processed?A. The basic content remains the same.B. Vitamin is not available after processing.C. The vitamin content increases a bit.D. The vitamin content is greatly reduced.15. We normally buy food on the basis .A. organic varietyB. beautyC. refined contentsD. color and texture第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

河南省许昌市2015届第一次联考语文试题

河南省许昌市、平顶山市、新乡市2015届高三第一次调研考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题（共70分）甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。

①一场名为“ALS冰桶挑战赛”的活动正在互联网线上线下如火如荼地进行。

活动规则极为简单，挑战者要么在24小时内向美国ALS（肌肉萎缩性侧面硬化病）公益协会捐出100美元，要么往自己头上浇一桶冰水，并录下视频上传至网络，同时向自己的3个朋友发起挑战。

②关于“冰桶挑战”的起源，一个广为认可的说法是，美国一位身患ALS的波士顿大学棒球手弗雷特及其朋友们发起了这项活动。

活动的目的在于筹款，并让世人对这种被称为“渐冻人”的罕见疾病有更多的了解。

据悉，目前针对ALS 没有比较好的治疗方法，患者存活期一般是2至5年。

英国物理学家蒂芬·霍金就是ALS病的患者。

③借助于社交网络的力量，“冰桶挑战”迅速传播。

美国《大西洋月刊》15日称，Facebook上参与这个话题的网友已达1500万人次。

参与者包括Facebook 创始人扎克伯格、微软创始人比尔·盖茨、特斯拉创始人马斯克、“钢铁侠”小罗伯特·唐尼、“金刚狼”休·杰克曼、NBA球星勒布朗·詹姆斯等。

名人效应带来连锁反应。

短短两周内，ALS协会已经收到近400万美元的捐款，是2013年同期的4倍。

不过“认怂”的名人也有。

据国外媒体报道，美国总统奥巴马在被点名后，并没有选择湿身，而是选择用捐款来支持该活动。

这几天，这桶冰水已浇至中国。

在新浪微博上，“冰桶挑战”是排名第一的热门话题，短短几天，阅读量已达数亿。

小米科技董事长雷军、优酷土豆CEO古永锵、奇虎董事长周鸿祎、百度董事长李彦宏等都完成了各自挑战。

可以想象的是，国内掀起的“冰桶”热，动静也不会小。

④然而，在“冰桶”热背后，却有着两种截然不同的舆论。

一部分网友不屑于一些名人在传播公益的同时夹带“私货”，批评该活动是炒作多于公益；另一部分网友则认为，不管形式如何，只要达到目的就好。

普通高中2015届高三语文上学期教学质量监测试题综述

语文注泣.项:1.本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分。

2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号城写在本试卷相应的位置。

3.全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

5.本试卷满分150分.测试时问150分钟。

第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分.每小题3分)阅读下面的文字，完成1 -3题。

中国酒文化举世闻名。

,不仅仅在于酒本身,更多的是因酒而生发种种在日常生活中的“礼”与“情”,显示出东方传统文化的一道异彩。

在酒文化的“礼”与“情”中,杯作为一种饮酒器,扮演了一个十分重要的角色。

不过,古代的酒杯名称很多,造型各异。

最初,通称为“爵”,后常称为“觞”,再后“觞杯”同称,到了唐宋,则将饮酒器多称为“杯”了。

酒文化中的“礼”,往往表现在祭祀和宴饮,这在先秦乃至秦汉时期最为突出。

商周两代,青铜制作的饮酒器属于礼器,有爵、觚、觯、角等(如图),容量不同,等差有序。

使用时,还有严格的尊卑区分。

如在宗庙举行祭祀,由于祭祀者的身份、地位不同,所持的饮酒器也不一样,尊者举觯,卑者举角,礼也。

在饮时,重视仪礼,要等主人先饮,客人才能动杯;主人喝干了,客人才能干杯。

所谓“长者举未釂,少者不敢饮”,“公卒爵,然后饮”,礼也。

在进食之礼中,荤素菜肴和酒浆要放在一定的位置。

《礼记·曲礼》要求“酒浆处右”。

如果桌上有酒又有浆,则酒在左,把饮酒器(或觞或杯)放在左边。

《管子·弟子职》称:弟子事师,饮时进食,陈膳毋悖,其中也有“左酒右浆”的规定。

古人分食,一人一份,所以陈膳能够定下常规。

现在已不讲究这一套,但在宴席上,杯筷盘碟仍需摆置有序;客人动杯总在主人敬酒之后;而主人敬酒,每每先干一杯,这些,还能看出千年酒文化的遗风。

在汉字里,有些字是特用于祭祀和宴饮时某种行为和动作的,既表示礼,又形成仪,很有意思。

例如古人把斟酒叫做“寿”;满杯以后,持杯一饮而尽,叫做“釂”。

许昌市高三上册语文第三次统练试卷

许昌市高三上册语文第三次统练试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共2题；共4分)1. （2分）下列各组词语，没有错别字的一组是（）A . 清流急湍游目骋怀杯盘狼藉修萁B . 穷兵黩武凄婉惆怅笙箫放浪形骸C . 日薄夕山宠命优握垂涎欲滴责臣逋慢D . 岂敢盘恒不翼而飞玲珑剔透茕茕孑立2. （2分） (2015高二上·银川期中) 下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（）A . 根据“全国国民阅读调查”数据显示看，国民阅读量少的原因是多方面的，但对比阅读率较高的国家可以发现，主要是从小没有养成良好的阅读习惯。

B . 近年来，部分中国游客在海外不讲卫生、乱涂乱画的不文明举止，遭到了当地人的批评指责，落下了素质低下、缺乏教养的坏名声。

C . 强强联合制作的大戏，让人们不仅看到了中国戏曲在现代化问题上迈出的可喜一步，而且看到了中国戏曲的整体进步。

D . 为了防止这类事故不再发生，我们加强了交通安全教育。

二、现代文阅读 (共3题；共22分)3. （4分） (2020高二上·温州期末) 阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。

最后要谈的是基因组研究的非和平使用的可能性。

人类基因组计划的雄心太大，鉴于自然科学的“双刃剑”性质，在它给人类带来好处的同时，（甲）我们也不得不考虑，这些信息落在生物恐怖主义者或其他人类公敌手里怎么办？（乙）“人类基因组计划完成之日（这里讲的是人类的奥秘彻底揭开之时，人类基因组计划只是序幕），就是人类自己灭亡之时”，这种说法虽然太极端，但绝不是骇人听闻，人类至今安全的原因之一，就是它的奥秘还不为人所知！……（丙）我很希望在这一问题上，在这一颗“基因原子弹”爆炸之前，通过我们的努力，建立国际性的合作，防患于未然。

历史将证明这样做的必要性。

（1）文段中的加点词，运用不正确的一项是（）A . 鉴于B . 骇人听闻C . 奥秘D . 防患于未然（2）文段中画线的甲、乙、丙处，标点有误的一项是（）A . 甲B . 乙C . 丙4. （6分） (2015高二上·孝感期中) 阅读下面的文字，完成以下小题。

河南省许昌市高三上学期语文期初调研试卷

河南省许昌市高三上学期语文期初调研试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共6题；共13分)1. （2分） (2017高二上·宁夏开学考) 依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）梁启超说：人之生也，与忧思俱来，知其无可奈何，而安之若命。

你们都知道我是感情最强烈的人，但经过若干时间后，总能拿出理性镇住它，。

这一点你们虽然不容易学到，但不可不努力学学。

A . 所以感情不致牵动我，糟蹋我的身子，妨害我的事业B . 所以我不致受感情牵动，妨害我的事业，糟蹋我的身子C . 所以感情不致牵动我，妨害我的事业，糟蹋我的身子D . 所以我不致受感情牵动，糟蹋我的身子，妨害我的事业2. （2分） (2017高一下·铜山期末) 下列修辞手法与其他三项不同的是（）A . 银瓶乍破水浆迸，铁骑突出刀枪鸣。

B . 问君能有几多愁？恰似一江春水向东流。

C . 今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸，晓风残月。

D . 桑之未落，其叶沃若3. （2分） (2017高一上·桂林期末) 填入下面文段空白处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）对自然灾害造成的损失，目前①________保险公司都要求车主在48小时内报案。

超过48小时报案，手续会更繁琐：本主②________将理赔资料寄往保险公司总部，由理赔员核对伤痕，且很有可能被拒赔③________不予全部赔偿。

④________ ，对自然灾害造成的损失，保险公司要求保留气象证明，⑤________当地当日或次日的报纸以及网站气象新闻等。

目前很多45店或是修理厂都可以帮车主提供气象证明．部分保险公司理赔中心也与当地气象部门建立⑥________信息互换机制。

在一些省市，保险监管部门要求保险公司主动获取气象灾害消息，避免要求被保险人提供气象证明。

A . AB . BC . CD . D4. （2分） (2017高二下·宜宾月考) 填入下面横线处的句子与上下文衔接最恰当的一项是（）黄包车在冷落的郊道上走，靠右不远是一条小河，；车过去，便蓦然惊起，撒下一串哇哇的叫声，向凄迷的天野飞去。

河南省许昌市届高三上学期期末教学质量评估语文试题(word版)

河南省许昌市届高三上学期期末教学质量评估语文试题（word版）试卷说明：许昌市—学年第一学期期末教学质量评估试卷高三语文注意事项：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（阅渎题）和第Ⅱ卷（表达题）两部分。

考生作答时，请将选出的单项选择题的答案填写在答题卷所附的答题表内。

其余各题按照题号答在答题卷各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内。

在本试题卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，只交答题卷。

第Ⅰ卷阅读题必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

综览苏轼关于故乡、异乡的众多文字表达，可以看出苏轼是一个有浓厚怀乡情结的人。

故乡首先是地理意义的出生之所。

对此苏轼有明确交代，多次说他的家在剑外之地、岷峨之间、蜀江之上。

“吾家蜀江上，江水绿如蓝。

”他虽总在异乡漂泊，但总忘不了其“蜀士”身份。

其次，故乡是宗族意义的团聚地。

在异地他乡，遇到两类人最易牵起怀思故乡的心肠。

一是来自故乡的乡人。

“我家峨眉阴，与子同一邦。

相望六十里，共饮玻璃江。

”那种共饮一江水的同里感觉让身在异乡的他难忘。

二是到故乡去做官的人。

苏轼总会夸故乡的山水、风物等：“胶西高处望西川，应在孤云落照边。

”最后，故乡是文化心理的生活区。

在异乡，苏轼常用故乡的山水、风物、典故来比照，在黄州见到斑斓的海棠，他不禁发出是否来自故乡的疑问：“陋邦何处得此花，无乃好事移西蜀?”不仅如此，他还将故乡的文化移植到他乡，让异乡充满故乡的气息。

他在湖州写的《何满子》词中的岷峨、江汉、当垆人等都是故乡的符号。

不竭怀念故乡的苏轼，事实上却是于三十三岁时第三次出川后，就再也没有回过老家。

苏轼的后半生在贬谪流放中度过，长期处于“无家”的状态，“逐客如僧岂有家”，不得不忘记地理、家族和文化心理意义上的故乡，认他乡为故乡。

但要认他乡为故乡，又要经历几个必要的思维阶段。

首先将故乡具化，与异乡对立。

苏轼常以比眉州更大的地名或山水、云月来代表故乡，如成都、青城、峨眉、岷江等。

故乡的具化必然程度上就是迁移人对异乡的排斥，这既可发生在迁移初期的凤翔，又可发生在饱经迁移之苦的惠州。

新乡平顶山许昌2015届高三第三次调研考试语文参考答案以及评分标准

新乡平顶山许昌2015届高三第三次调研考试语文参考答案与评分建议一、现代文阅读(9分，每小题3分)1. (3分) B （A.“同时闻到火药味和香甜果味”不对，原文是玩不同的游戏飘散出相应的气味。

C.文中并未显示科学家的研究是受教授的直接影响。

D.“我们可以逼真地捕捉和传递气味了”应是“一旦这些技术开花结果，我们就能逼真地捕捉和传递气味了”。

）2. (3分) B （B.文中没有显示霍姆斯进行了科学研究，只是显示了他关于嗅觉重要性的看法。

）3. (3分) A （B项应是“计算机通讯”，范围扩大，“这一预测很快会得到验证”，从文中不能推断出来；C项“有效地解决儿童的孤独问题”与文意不符；D原文是“我们不可能预测凯奥克和他团队的发明是否会大获成功”, “由此”属于强加因果。

）二、古代诗文阅读(36分)4. (3分) C （引伏：认罪，服罪）5. (3分) C6. (3分) B（不是韩彦直而是朝廷命令三衙、江上诸军效仿）7.(10分)（1）韩彦直坚持不同意见，他告诉宰相梁克家说：如果这样的话，那么善良的人被诬告，一定会产生许多冤假错案。

(5分)（2）韩彦直授给将领和地方豪强计谋，不到十天，就活捉了海盗头目，海路交通因此得以肃清（或“因此畅通无阻”）(5分)8.（5分）两个“几回”连用，一方面与上句的“不计程”照应，说明行舟之久、路途之远；（2分）另一方面表明行程的单调，强调了诗人忆亲恋乡的深沉和持久（或因忆亲思乡而难舍难离）。

（3分）9. (6分)对兄弟和家乡的难舍和思念之情。

（情感3分，分析3分，若仅答对家乡的思念最高只能得3分。

）10. (6分)（1）陟罚臧否，不宜异同。

（2）几处早莺争暖树，谁家新燕啄春泥。

（3）抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。

三、文学类文本阅读(25分)11. （25分）（1）（5分）选B得 3分选E得 2分选D得1分选AC不得分（A项中，叔叔的初衷还是想把十万元留给理查德，但还是想考验一下他。

2015许昌平顶山新乡高三一模语文答案(完全版)

许昌平顶山新乡2015届高三第一次调研考试语文参考答案及评分标准一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）1.D（A.表述不全，少了“同时向自己的三个朋友发起挑战”。

B.应为“弗雷特及其朋友们”。

C.“只有”与原文表述不一致。

）2.D（“表明作者对这场活动所持的态度是否定的”有误，原文作者只是就该活动的一个方面表达了批判态度。

）3.C（以偏概全，规则中的后者实则是一种“刻奇主义”）二、古代诗文阅读（36分）（一）文言文阅读（19分）4.C（用：因为）5.C（“帝坐严尊，屈与臣子均席，此王导所谓太阳俯同万物者也。

”帝曰：“我虽应天受命，宿昔之好何可忘？”）6. C（原文中，刘文静虽自恃才高，但没有居功自傲，目中无人，更没有鄙视裴寂）7．（10分）（1）文静不久因与李密是姻属受牵连获罪，被关进了监狱，秦王看身边没有能够商讨大计的人，私下里入狱探望。

（5分。

译出大意2分；“坐”“系”“顾”各1分。

）（2）现在天下没有谁不臣服，但是（您）召见群臣，言谈之中还称呼名字。

（5分。

译出大意2分；“率土”“臣”“尚”各1分。

）（二）古代诗歌阅读（11分）8.（5分）词的上阕采用正面描写与侧面描写相结合的手法，传神地勾勒出岭南梅花超尘脱俗的美。

（2分）起首两句说梅花生长在瘴疠之乡，有冰雪般的肌体、神仙般的风致，是正面描写；后两句写梅花的仙姿艳态引起了海仙的羡爱，海仙经常派遣使者来到花丛中探望，这是从美的影响着笔来写美本身，是侧面描写。

（3分）9.（6分）表达了作者对超尘脱俗的岭南梅花的挚爱（2分）；抒发了作者对有着岭南梅花一般风姿神韵的侍妾朝云的一往情深和无限思恋，（2分）蕴含着作者内心郁结不散的怅惘之情。

（2分）（三）名篇名句默写（6分）10.（6分）（每答对一空给1分，有错别字、多字、漏字则该空不给分）（1）哀吾生之须臾，羡长江之无穷（2）后人哀之而不鉴之，亦使后人而复哀后人也（3）长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海三、文学类文本阅读（25分）11.（25分）（1）（5分）答A给3分，答B给2分，答C给1分；答D、E不给分。

河南省许昌市高三上期期末教学质量评估试卷(英语).doc

许昌市—高三上期期末教学质量英语评估试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间1。

考试结束后，请将答题卡和第二卷一并交回。

注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题纸上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

第Ⅰ卷（共115分）第一部分听力（共2节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1，5分，满分7．5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where are the two speakers?A. In Danny’s house.B. On a farm.C. In a restaurant.2. How many pounds of fruit is the man carrying?A. 5.5 pounds.B. 6.5 pounds.C. 7 pounds.3. Who does you think the man probably is？A. Mary’s brother.B. Mary’s classmate.C. Mary’s teacher.4. What does the woman want to do?A. To ask the direction.B. To park her car.C. To go to the park.5. What does the man mean?A. He wants to fire the woman.B. He wants to cut down the woman’s pay.C. He wants to make an apology for not letting the woman go.第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

高三英语月考试题及答案-许昌、平顶山、新乡三市联考2015届高三上学期第三次调研考试

新乡平顶山许昌三市2015届高三第三次调研考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

满分150分，时间120分钟。

考试结束只交答题卡。

第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答题前，考生在答题卷和答题卡上务必用直径0．5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚。

在答题卡上用2B铅笔将考号涂完整。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分）请听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒的时间来回答有关小题和阅读小一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。

1. Whom did the man get a present from?A. John.B. Jack.C. The woman.2. What does the woman want to buy?A. Sweets and apples.B. Oranges and apples.C. Vegetables and apples.3. What time is it now?A. 8:05.B. 8:15.C. 8:35.4. What is the woman going to do?A. Go to the bookstore.B. See her doctor.C. Visit her uncle.5. Which is the quickest way to the airport?A. By taxi.B. By underground.C. By bus.第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分）请听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2015河南语文高考卷及答案

2015年河南省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

在艺术的领域里，技术的重要性是勿庸置疑的。

然而，艺术品的动人之处，往往在于技术之外的某种东西。

不妨说，艺术品就是用技术来表呈非技术的东西。

在艺术品的过程中，除了技术，还有许多因素在共同起作用。

如构思的巧妙、情感的真挚、想象力的丰富、境界的阔大等。

这些因素潜藏在艺术品的深处，使艺术品具有不朽的价值。

A. 艺术品是技术的载体B. 艺术品的价值在于技术之外的某种东西C. 艺术品具有不朽的价值D. 艺术品完全依赖于技术A. 运用对比论证，突出技术的重要性B. 运用举例论证，说明艺术品的价值D. 运用道理论证，阐述艺术与技术的关系A. 技术在艺术品中的地位无足轻重B. 艺术品的价值主要取决于技术之外的某种东西C. 艺术家在创作过程中应忽视技术D. 艺术品的价值完全由技术决定（二）文学类文本阅读（25分）阅读下面的小说，完成4～7题。

《项链》……A. 小说以“项链”为线索，情节紧凑，引人入胜B. 作者通过细腻的心理描写，展现了主人公的性格特点C. 小说的主题是讽刺和揭露了当时社会的虚荣心D. 小说以第一人称叙述，增强了故事的真实性5. 请简要分析小说中主人公玛蒂尔德的形象特点。

6. 请分析小说中环境描写的作用。

7. 结合小说内容，谈谈你对“虚荣心”的认识。

二、古代诗文阅读（36分）（一）文言文阅读（19分）阅读下面的文言文，完成8～11题。

《陈情表》……A. “期功”指家中因功而得到的赏赐B. “寻蒙国恩”指不久后又得到国家的恩赐C. “猥以微贱”指以微薄的身价D. “过蒙拔擢”指受到过分的提拔A. 臣以险衅/夙遭闵凶B. 臣具以表闻/辞不就职C. 臣之辛苦/非独蜀之人士及二州牧伯所见明知D. 是臣/尽节于陛下之日长A. 文章开篇陈述作者自己的悲惨遭遇，为下文请辞做铺垫B. 作者通过列举自己的功绩，表达了对国家的感激之情C. 文章结尾以忠诚表白，表明自己辞官的决心D. 文章运用排比、对偶等修辞手法，增强了文章的感染力11. 把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

河南省许昌县第一高级中学2015届高三语文第八次考试试题不分版本

河南省许昌县第一高级中学2015届高三语文第八次考试试题不分版本河南省许昌县第一高级中学2015届高三语文第八次考试试题注意：本试题卷分第一卷〔阅读题〕和第二卷〔表达题〕两局部。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卷上〔答题考前须知见答题卷〕，在本试题卷上答题无效。

第一卷阅读题一、现代文阅读〔9分，每题3分〕阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。

开车会成为穷人的标志吗在狄更斯的《匹克威克外传》风行英伦之时，如果说将富人多是瘦子，穷人多是胖子，谁都会觉得是异想天开。

如今呢，在兴旺国家，穷人的肥胖症最为严重。

走进富人区，那么苗条的人明显多起。

可见，未往往在我们的想象之外。

那么，在现今这个开法拉利炫富的时代，如果说日后开车的多是穷人，富人反而很少开车出行——这种预言，是否会像贫富的胖瘦一样兑现呢？《经济学人》曾提纲挈领地展望了汽车的前程：目前地球上有十亿多辆汽车。

仅2012一年，就增加了6000余万辆新车。

预计到2020年，世界汽车拥有量可能翻一番。

毫无疑问，汽车，是世界经济的命脉。

不过，未汽车拥有量的增长，将主要集中在开展中国家。

兴旺国家的汽车拥有量已经到顶，甚至有可能下降。

从总体上看，兴旺国家的汽车旅行里程在2004年触顶，自2007年经济危机前开始下降。

根据对人口社会学的初步分析，我们能够推断出这些现象是一个长期的趋势，而非一时经济波动所造成的短期失常。

在兴旺国家，婴儿潮一代的前锋，即1945年出生的人，大局部都开车的。

如今开车的退休老人比任何时代都多。

六十几岁的英国人中，79%有驾照。

美国60—64岁这个年龄层的人中，90%以上开车。

这比任何年龄段的比例都高，这代人是最痴迷汽车的一代。

他们年轻时，汽车象征着自由、财富、美国梦，汽车难以和他们的生命分开。

然而，他们恰恰是正在退场的一代。

新一代的年轻人考驾照的年龄普遍偏晚。

驾照拿得晚的人，一般开车比拟少。

英国一项研究显示，快三十岁时领到驾照的，比起年轻十岁就开始开车的人，开车要少30%。

河南省许昌县高三上学期第三次考试语文试题(含答案)【精校】.docx

高三第三次考试（语文）试卷第I卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

在中国古代，家学传统最早出现在史官家庭，因为史官要懂得数学、天文、历法，这些东西不靠学校讲，靠父子相传。

所以，二十四史的第一部——《史记》就是由父子两代人完成的，这就是家学的影响。

二十四史的第二部是《汉书》，主要作者是班固，但是班固的父亲班彪首先写了几十篇，然后班固接着写，班固没有写完，坐牢死了，他的妹妹班昭接着写。

所以，《汉书》实际上经过了班彪、班固、班昭之手才最后完成。

中国古代的家学很容易出现，这种例子太多了。

“唐宋八大家”里有父子三人的“三苏”，苏辙、苏轼、苏洵，诗书相传，一家三口都是大文豪；历史上最有名的书法家是王羲之和他的儿子王献之；曹操，还有他的儿子曹丕、曹植，历史上号称“三曹”，都是著名的文学家；和“三曹”同时代的著名女作家蔡文姬，其父蔡邕，也是大学者大作家。

很多家族家风是代代相传的，而且有教育子女的格言，叫家训。

所以从魏晋南北朝开始出现了很多家训的书，最有名的是颜之推的《颜氏家训》，一直到今天，《颜氏家训》仍然被誉为家教典范。

中国古代家学、家风的兴盛，直接带的结果就是家业的代代相传。

祖父和父亲是史官，儿孙就继续做史官；祖父和父亲是搞天文历法的，儿孙就继续钻研天文历法；祖父和父亲是中医，儿孙往往也继承医学传统。

世界上有许多古老的民族，但是，唯独中华民族是一个具有悠久的家学传统的民族。

造成这个现象的原因有三个方面：第一，小农经济形成极其浓厚的家庭观念；第二，世代相传的儒家思想影响了我们的每一个家庭；第三，中华民族在长期的发展过程中，对读书的重视是世界上很多民族所不及的。

中国古代的家学有几个方面的内容，第一个是家长对孩子的启蒙教育。

钱学森在回想他的童年的时候说过，他四岁开始，每天都要站在家长面前背书。

这些大科学家的古文功底好得很，就是从小背出的。

古代孩子从小背什么书？《论语》、《诗经》、《尚书》、《易经》、《左传》、《国语》、《周礼》、《礼记》等。

2015年普通高中高三教学质量测评

2015年普通高中高三教学质量测评（一）理科综合（生物部分）本试卷共12页，36小题，满分300分。

考试用时150分钟。

注意事项：1 •答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、座位号填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上的相应位置填涂考生号。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

2 •选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3 •非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4•考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

可能用到的相对原子质量：一、单项选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题4分。

共64分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，选对的得4分，选错或不答的得0分。

1 •下列各项在细胞质基质中进行的是A .合成性激素B.合成tRNAC.初步分解葡萄糖D.利用光能分解水2. 显微镜下观察到人的一个细胞中染色体已分成两组，每组23条。

那么，可以肯定每组染色体中A .有23个DNA 分子B .有46条染色单体C.没有非同源染色体D.没有同源染色体3. 玉米的PEPC酶固定CO2的能力较水稻的强60倍。

我国科学家正致力于将玉米的PEPC 基因导入水稻中，以提高水稻产量。

下列各项对此研究的分析中正确的是A .核心步骤是构建玉米PEPC基因表达载体B .通常采用显微注射法将PEPC基因导入水稻细胞C.在受体细胞中检测到PEPC酶则意味着此项研究取得成功D .利用细胞培养技术将转基因水稻细胞培育成植株4. 下列中可以借助电子显微镜观察到的是5•黑藻是一种水生植物，叶片小而薄。

小王同学利用黑藻进行下列生物学实验，其中错误的是选项实验目的所用试剂A观察叶绿体蒸馏水B探究CO2浓度对光合速率的影响1%的NaHCO s溶液C观察质壁分离及复原30%蔗糖溶液、清水D提取叶绿体色素无水乙醇、碳酸钙、二氧化硅6•某植物的高秆（D）对矮秆（d）显性，抗锈病（T）对易感病（t）显性，两对基因位于两对同源染色体上。