Additin RC9200
德国莱茵化学极压剂-Additin RC 2411
Additin® RC 2411 极 压 添 加 剂___________________________________________________________________________________________类 型用于金属加工的极 压 添 加 剂, 浅 色、低 气 味、含 非 活 性 硫___________________________________________________________________________________________技 术 数 据* 组 分 硫化植物脂肪酸脂,不含矿油外观 浅棕色透明液体色度(ASTM-D1500) 3.5硫含量 约 9.5% (w)活性硫含量（ASTM－D1622) 约 1 %(w)腐 蚀 试 验 (ASTM－D130 )( 石 蜡 基 基 础 油+10%RC2411,铜 片,3h/100°C)1b运 动 粘 度(40°C) (ASTM-D 446) 约 230mm2/s密 度(20°C) (ASTM-D941) 约 0.97 g/ml闪 点( 开 口) (ASTM-D 92) >180°C___________________________________________________________________________________________应 用 范 围-------- 金 属 加 工 液-------- 润 滑 脂-------- 纺 织 机 用 油-------- 导 轨 油Addition RC 2411 是一种浅色,含非活性 硫, 具有优异极压和抗磨特性的添 加 剂.由于其特殊的制造工艺,RC2411非常适用于有色金属及铝合金的加工液的配方中.RC2411使用了特殊选用的原料,显示出优异的润滑性能及良好的摩擦改善性能.溶 解 性可 溶 于 矿 油 和 合 成 基 础 油, 但 必 须 确 认 在 所用 基 础 油 中 的 溶 解 性, 以 及 与 其 它 添 加 剂 的配 伍 性.*分 析 数 据 是 指 导 值Additin RC 2411 列 入 ENECS 和 TSCA 目 录 中_____________________________________________________________________________________ 试 验 结 果 石 蜡 基 基础 油, ISO VG 15基础油, 无添加剂 + 2%(w)RC2411+ 5%(w)RC2411+ 10%(w)RC2411+ 15%(w)RC2411四 球 机 试 验,烧 结 负 荷（DIN 51350，part 2 ) 600-700N1900 2000N2600 2800N3400-3600N3800-4000N四 球 机 试 验, 磨痕直径（DIN 51350，part 3 )1h/300N0.70mm 0.35mm 0.45mm 0.47mm 0.50mm四 球 机 试 验, 磨痕直径（DIN 51350，part 3 )1Min/1000N烧结 1.95mm 1.65mm 0.78mm -Brugger 承 载 试 验 约 <20N/mm2约 <25N/mm2约 <30N/mm2约 <30N/mm2约 <65N/mm2Falex 承 载值(ASTM D-2670-88)- 1750 lbs 2000 lbs 4250 lbs 4500 lbs______________________________________________________________________________________包 装 200 kg 桶 装______________________________________________________________________________________储 存 室 温 干 燥 处 储 存 12 个月_______________________________________________________________________________________处 理 有 关 Additin RC2411 的 其 它 信 息 可 查 阅 材 料 安全 数 据 表 (MSDS). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我厂无论在口头上,书面上或试验上所提供的技术意见均出自诚意,但不作保证,这亦适用于牵涉到第三者的所有权问题. 用户对我厂供应的产品, 亦有责任进行试验, 以验证是否适合所拟定的工艺和用途.由于对我厂产品所进行的运用,用途和工艺均非我厂所能控制, 因而应全由用户本身负责. 虽然如此, 如仍有任何 损失须由我 厂负责, 亦只限于我厂已送交用户而经使用的那部分货品的价值而已. 在我厂的一般售货及交货条件范围内,我方当然要供应品质一致的产品.Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH P.O. Box 81049 Dussedorfer Str. 23-27W-6800, Mannheim Germany Telephone : (0621)8907-0 Telex: 4 62 282 rcrm d Telefax: (0621) 8907-593E-mail: Info@。
XSeries产品XRC系列远程控制器数据手册说明书
Data Sheet 2101180-ACX RC 6490, X RC 6790, and X RC 6890X Series ProductsRemote Controller omputers (XFC)C ontrollers (XRC)This datasheet focuses on the X RC products, X Ser-ies Remote Controllers (RTUs). Benefits and fea-tures of these particular products include:Automation, control, alarming and data loggingBase IO targeted at low cost automation projects Local display and optional keypadQuick, easy installationFlexible communicationsComprehensive custody quality math and dataExtendable hardware and softwareX RC 6490, X RC 6790, and X RC 68902101180-AC2In addition to the local configuration port, two com-munications ports are supplied with the standard unit. These ports are modular and user se-lectable for RS232 and/orRS485. An additional port may be added using a TFIO Com-munications Module.HARDWARE MODULARITYHardware functionality of X Series devices can be extended in a flexible and simple way by adding modular IO as needed.Totalflow’s TFIO modules are designed to accommo-date low power, harsh environments at economical cost. The system recognizes the module types auto-matically and configures the IO Scanner subsystem accordingly.Supported TFIO Modules Include: • Analog In (8 channel) • Analog Out (4 channel)• Binary (DI, DO, PI-8 channels, software select-able)• RTD (4 channel)• Thermocouple (4 channel)• Valve Control (digital or analog)• Communications (software selectable RS232,485, 422-1 channel)For more detailed information about TFIO modules request information on datasheets 2101105 through 2101112.SOFTWARE MODULARITYA keenly flexible and stable real time environment, this software represents significant modularization through use of object oriented design principles. Totalflow supplied objects (applications) can be in-stantiated in our factory or by you, one or more times on the same device. It is this framework that allows the support for multi-tube measurement.Supported Software applications continually grow, but a sample of standard applications include: • AGA3 orifice meter run • ISO 5167 orifice meter run • VCone meter run• AGA7 rotary/turbine meter run • Real-time Data logger (trending) • Valve Control (Feedback controller) • RAMS (Alarming, Exception Reporting) • Operators (simple custom math / logic) • IEC 61131 (complex math / logic)• Selectable Units (user selectable engineering units)• Display / Keypad Handler • Wedge Meter (water or gas) • IO subsystem Handler • Tank Level Application • Therms master application • Therms slave application•Multiple protocols (Totalflow native low power, Modbus slave (binary/ASCII), Modbus master (binary/ASCII), LevelMaster, Btu 8000/8001, En-ron Modbus, MotorSaver, ABB 267CS/269CS XMV Multivariable, Altronic and others)X SERIES REMOTE CONTROLLER FEATURES• Significant hardening against over-current / tran-sients◊ Positive Temperature Coefficient, resettingfuses and transient protection on ∗ VBATT and SWVBATT Outputs ∗ Each of the Digital Outputs ∗ Battery Charger Input◊ EMI/RFI suppression beads on all I/O points ◊ Protection against reverse polarity wiring ◊ Power supply circuit designed to protectXIMV from hot insertion.• Base IO on RC195 Board◊ 5 Analog Inputs◊ 4 Digital Inputs (2 can be used as hi-speedPIs)◊ 4 Digital Outputs ◊ Battery Voltage ◊ Charger Voltage• Low power design operating as low as 8 ma(<100 mW)• Aluminum enclosure, powder coated• Flexible accommodation of communicationshardware• Cost effective communications kits • Stable time base (accurate integration) • Rechargeable, lead acid batteries • Solar, AC or DC charging options•Dual level security code data protectionX RC 6490, X RC 6790, and X RC 68902101180-AC3•Custody transfer applications◊ Monitors user limits for detection, and report-ing of abnormal conditions◊ Defaults to 45 Days of hourly and daily data.User configurable.◊ Defaults to 200 Events. User configurable. ◊ Complies with API 21.1 standard for custodytransfer devices◊ Flow and energy calculations per AGA3-85,AGA3-92, AGA-7, and AGA-5◊ Super compressibility calculations per NX-19or AGA8-92 Gross or Detail◊ Flow retention during user transducer calibra-tion◊ Selectable 3 or 5 point user calibration ofAnalog Ins◊ Zero flow detection• Class I, Division 2 Groups C and D, CSA C/US Hazardous Area Classifications (ATEX Zone 2 pending)• Real time clock that keeps running on lithium bat-tery• Advanced embedded data logger • Programmable alarm filtering • Exception reporting capability• Multiple protocol options including Totalflow packet protocol, various modbus protocols and others• User programmable modbus register maps • User programmable math and logic sequences • IEC 61131 Capability•Valve Control and Nominations CapabilityABCDA. RC195 BoardB. Communications Equipment CompartmentC. Battery CompartmentD. TFIO ModulesDimensions Width 12.756 in. (324.00 mm) 14.920 in. (379.53 mm) 20.090 in. (510.29 mm)Height 17.230 in. (437.64 mm) 21.845 in. (554.86 mm) 28.910 in. (734.32 mm)Depth 10.269 in. (260.83 mm) 13.710 in. (348.23 mm) 15.520 in. (394.21 mm)Installed Depth Pipe Mount 1.584 in. (294.23 mm) 14.56 in. (369.82 mm) 16.82 in. (427.23 mm)Wall Mount 11.019 in. (279.88 mm) 14.00 in. (355.60 mm) 16.26 in. (413.00 mm)Weight (w/o Battery) Approx. 15 lbs. (6.8 kg) Approx. 29 lbs. (13.1 kg) Approx. 45 lbs. (20.6 kg)Max IO Modules 3 6 14 Max Battery Capacity 26AH 42AH 140AHCertification CSA C/US Class 1, Division 2, Groups C & D hazardous area classification. (ATEX Zone 2 pending)Mounting Wall, pipe, or direct Operating Temperature(ambient)-40°F to 140°F (-40°C to 60°C) Humidity 0 - 95% non-condensingEMC Requirements EMMISSIONS:European Regions:EN55022 Class A Emissions (Radiated & Conducted) North America Regions:CFR 47, Part 15, Subpart B, Class A, FCC Emissions ICES-003 Issue 2, Rev. 1, Class A ITE Emissions IMMUNITY: European Regions:EN50082-1:98 ImmunityEN61000-4-2:95, ESD, + 8 kV Air, + 4 kV ContactEN61000-4-3:95 RF Immunity, 10 V/mEN61000-4-4:95 EFT, 1 kVEN61000-4-5:95 Surge; 1kV line to line, 2kV line to earth EN61000-4-6:95 Conducted Susceptibility, 3 VrmsEN610004-8:93 Power Frequency Magnetic Field 3 A/m EN610004-11:94 Voltage DIP and interrupt4Power and Productivity for a Better World. ™ /totalflowABB Inc.Totalflow Products 7051 Industrial Blvd. Bartlesville, OK 74006 Tel: (918) 338-4888 Fax: (918) 338-4699 (800) 442-3097 ABB Inc.Totalflow Products433 Northpark Central Dr., Ste. 100Houston, TX 77073Tel: (281) 869-5212Fax: (281) 869-5203(800) 442-3097For more information,please contact yourlocal ABB Totalflowrepresentative or visitour website.Power Nominal 12 VDC battery Charger Solar or 16-18 VDCMemory • Data stored in 512K SRAM. (lithium battery backup) • Applications programs stored in 512K Flash.• Flash loader stored in 512K PROM• Registry and Configuration files stored in 32K E2PROMComm Ports • 1 - dedicated – PCCU (Local Configuration Port) • 2 - RS232 or RS485 (via board insertion modules)LCD Interface Dedicated interface for 2 X 24 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)Keypad Interface Dedicated interface for optional ABB supplied keypadIO Expansion I2C Bus Interface for TFIO ModulesSecurity Switch Dual-Level Security Switch On-BoardTime Base Stability ± 7.5 ppm (parts per million)IO Scan Rate 1 Time per SecondAnalog Inputs 5 single-ended channels, 0-10VdcAnalog-to-Digital Resolution 18 Bit maximum resolution (0.00038% FS)16 Bit nominal resolution (.0.0015%FS)Digital Inputs 4 inputs configurable as active or passive with optional software de-bounce Pulse Inputs 2 of the 4 digital inputs can be used as pulse inputs (up to 20KHz)Digital Outputs 4 open channel FET transistor switches。
剩余电流动作断路器产品手册说明书
PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018PRODUCT MANUAL FORRESIDUAL CURRENT OPERATED CIRCUIT BREAKERSWITHOUT INTEGRAL OVERCURRENT PROTECTION FOR HOUSEHOLD AND SIMILAR USES (RCCBs)ACCORDING TO IS 12640(Part 1):2016/IEC 61008-1:2012This Product Manual shall be used as reference material by all Regional/Branch Offices & licensees to ensure coherence of practice and transparency in operation of certification under Scheme-I of Bureau of Indian Standards (Conformity Assessment) Regulations, 2018 for various products. The document may also be used by prospective applicants desirous of obtaining BIS certification licence/certificate.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSManak Bhawan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,New Delhi – 110002 Page 1PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX AList Of Test EquipmentMajor test equipment required to test as per the Indian StandardPage 2PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX BScheme Of Inspection And Testing1. LABORATORY- A laboratory shall be maintained which shall be suitably equipped (as per the requirement given in column 2 of Table 1) and staffed, where different tests given in the specification shall be carried out in accordance with the methods given in the specification.1.1 The manufacturer shall prepare a calibration plan for the test equipment.2. TEST RECORDS - The manufacturer shall maintain test records for the tests carried out to establish conformity.3. LABELLING AND MARKING - As per the requirements of IS 12640 (PART 1):2016/ IEC 6 1008-1:2012. In addition, each RCCB or the carton in which the RCCBs are packed shall carry the identification mark in code or otherwise for traceability.4. CONTROL UNIT - A ll the RCCBs of the same fundamental design manufactured in a shift shall constitute a control unit.5. LEVELS OF CONTROL - The tests as indicated in column 1 of Table 1 and the levels of control in column 3 of Table 1, shall be carried out on the whole production of the factory which is covered by this plan and appropriate records maintained in accordance with paragraph 2 above.6. REJECTIONS - Disposal of non-conforming product shall be done in such a way so as to ensure that there is no violation of provisions of BIS Act, 2016Page 3TABLE 1Page 4TABLE 1Page 5TABLE 1Page 6TABLE 1Page 7TABLE 1Page 8TABLE 1Page 9TABLE 1Note-1: Sub-contracting is permitted to a laboratory recognized by the Bureau or Government laboratories empanelled by the Bureau.Note-2: Levels of control given in column 3 are only recommendatory in nature. The manufacturer may define the control unit/batch/lot and submit his own levels of control in column 3 with proper justification for approval by BO Head.Page 10PM/ IS 12640(Part 1)/ 2/ November 2018ANNEX CPossible Tests in a day∙Tripping Test∙Electric Strength Test∙Performance of the test device∙Indelibility of Marking∙Clearance & Creepage distance (only for item 1 & 3 of Table 5 of IS 12640(Part 1):2016)∙Trip free mechanism∙Reliability of screws, current carrying parts and connections∙Reliability of terminals for external conductors∙Protection against electric shock∙Verification of resistance of the insulation of open contacts and basic insulation against an impulse voltage in normal conditions∙Verification of the behavior of components bridging the basic insulation∙Capability of control circuits connected to the main circuits∙Residual Operating Characteristics∙Behavior in case of failure of line voltagePage 11。
加成反应
（1）催化加氢 ）
在Pt、Pd、Ni等催化剂存在下，烯烃和炔烃与氢进行加成反应， 生成相应的烷烃，并放出热量，称为氢化热(heat of hydrogenation， 1mol不饱和烃氢化时放出的热量)如：
CH3CH=CHCH 3 + H 2
2012-4-16
Pt Ni
CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
3． 加成反应 (addition reaction) ． •定义
烯烃或炔烃分子中存在π键，π键键能较小，容易断裂形成两个σ 键。即能在含双键或三键的两个碳原子上各加上一个原子或原子团 的反应即为加成反应(多为放热，是烯烃和炔烃的特征反应)。不稳 定的环烷烃的开环反应也属于加成反应。
C=C + X Y C=C X Y
12
（5）与水的加成 ） •烯烃加成及应用
磷酸作催化剂，不对称烯与水加成服从马氏规则：
H3PO 4 CH2=CH2 + H 2O 300℃7MPa~ CH3CH2OH , 8MPa H3PO 4 CH3CH=CH 2 + H 2O (CH3)2CHOH , 195℃ 2MPa
工业制醇的另一种方法——直接水合法。与间接水合法相比，可 减少硫酸对设备的腐蚀。
1
CH3CH2CH2C CH + H 2
•催化加氢的机理(改变反应途径，降低活化能)
吸附在催化剂上的氢分子生成活泼的氢原子与被催化剂削弱了π键 的烯、炔加成。
•氢化热与烯烃的稳定性
乙烯 丙烯 1﹣丁烯 顺﹣2﹣丁烯 反﹣2﹣丁烯 -119.7 -115.5 氢化热/kJ•mol﹣1 -137.2 -125.9 -126.8
2012-4-16
5
RC_circuit
The complex frequency s is, in general, a complex number,
where
j represents the imaginary unit:
Natural response
/wiki/RC_circuit 2011/3/17
RC circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
第 2 頁，共 9 頁
The simplest RC circuit is a capacitor and a resistor in series. When a circuit consists of only a charged capacitor and a resistor, the capacitor will discharge its stored energy through the resistor. The voltage across the capacitor, which is time dependent, can be found by using Kirchhoff's current law, where the current through the capacitor must equal the current through the resistor. This results in the linear differential equation . Solving this equation for V yields the formula for exponential decay:
Perl解析RC，RC2文件
Perl解析RC，RC2⽂件我们正在开发的⼀个软件是国际化软件，所以需要翻译成其他国家的语⾔。
但是对每⼀次更新实际上需要改动的语⾔只是⼀部分，其他⼀⼤部分是可重⽤的。
所以，为了避免代理商再次翻译，我们从原来的版本资源⽂件抽出了对应的字典⽂件，并进⾏替换，达到只翻译⼀部分改变了的字符串。
这其他还希望⽤到模糊匹配，但是效果似乎不⼤，不过还是很有必要的。
关于模糊匹配，我看到了《编程之美》⾥⾯的⼀个题⽬：“判断字符串的相似度”。
与这个类似。
以下是部分Perl写的代码： [pl] #根据RC,RC2⽂件构造字典需要输⼊两个⽂件，利⽤控件ID来对应1#!/usr/bin/perl -w2use strict;3use warnings;456#根据RC,RC2⽂件构造字典需要输⼊两个⽂件，利⽤控件ID来对应78##################9#解析.rc2⽂件10sub readRc2File11 {12my$currentLine = 0 ;####读到492多⾏,addcount=382时的时候竟然结束了！13my$fileName = shift;14my$hash_ref = shift ;15my$encoding = shift ;16my$fd ;17my$addCount = 0 ;18if( $encoding )19 {20open$fd, "<:utf8", $fileName or die"openFile $fileName error!";21 }else{22open$fd, "<:utf8", $fileName or die"openFile $fileName error!";23 }24my$begin = 0 ; #begin开始标志位25my$mul_begin = 0 ; #/**/开始标志位26my$str = "";27while(<$fd>)28 {29#$currentLine++;30 #print "$currentLine: $_";31 #过滤多⾏注释32if( m#^\s*/\*# )#if begin with: /* #这⾥会有问题！当字符串“”⾥⾯有注释的时候就会挂-_-所以！必须得开头！33 {34$mul_begin = 1 ;35 }36if($mul_begin)37 {38if( m#.*\*/# ) #if end width */39 {40#print "Current Line:$currentLine";#addCount = 1670出问题41$mul_begin = 0 ;42 }43 }44else45 {46#在BEGIN\n与END\n⾥⾯的就是我们需要的字符串 ##这⾥出要求BEGIN开头，避免字符串⾥⾯出现BEGIN47if( m/^\s*BEGIN/ )48 {49$begin = 1 ;50 }51else{52if( $begin )53 {54if( /^END/ )55 {56$begin = 0 ;57 }58else59 {60#处理数据61 #过滤单⾏注释62if( !m=^\s*(//|#)= ) # if begin with // or #63 {64#处理真正的数据65if( m#^[\s|\t]*(\w+)[\s|\t]+"(.+)"# )66 {67if( !exists( $$hash_ref{$1} ) )68 {69$$hash_ref{$1} = $2 ;70$addCount++;71 }72 }73 }74 }75 }76 }77 }78 }79 }8081##################82#解析.rc⽂件，.rc⽂件与.rc2⽂件不同的地⽅在于：控件ID在“字符串”后⾯，例如："C&ounter_Clockwise",IDC_ADVANCE_CCW 83#rc与⽂件有点不同84sub readRcFile85 {86my$addCount = 0 ;87my$fileName = shift;88my$hash_ref = shift ;89open my$fd, "< ", $fileName or die"openFile $fileName error!";90my$begin = 0 ;91my$mul_begin = 0 ; #/**/开始标志位92my$str = "";93while(<$fd>)94 {95#过滤多⾏注释96if( m#^\s*/\*# )#if begin with: /* #这⾥会有问题！当字符串“”⾥⾯有注释的时候就会挂-_-所以！必须得开头！97 {98$mul_begin = 1 ;99 }100if($mul_begin)101 {102if( m#.*\*/# ) #if end width */103 {104#print "Current Line:$currentLine";#addCount = 1670出问题105$mul_begin = 0 ;106 }107 }108else109 {110#在BEGIN\n与END\n⾥⾯的就是我们需要的字符串 ##这⾥出要求BEGIN开头，避免字符串⾥⾯出现BEGIN111if( m/^\s*BEGIN/ )112 {113$begin = 1 ;114 }115else116 {117if( $begin )118 {119if( /^END/ )120 {121$begin = 0 ;122 }123else124 {125#处理数据126 #过滤单⾏注释127if( !m=^\s*(//|#)= ) # if begin with // or #128 {129#处理真正的数据130if( m="(.+?)"\s*,(\w+?),= )131 {132if( !exists( $$hash_ref{$2} ) )133 {134$$hash_ref{$2} = $1 ;135$addCount++;136 }137 }138 }139 }140 }141 }142 }143 }144 }145146147#####################148#通过相同ID确定英⽂与波兰⽂的键值关系149sub getDict150 {151my$hash_eng = shift ;152my$hash_pol = shift ;153my$dict = shift ;154while(my ($key, $val) = each(%$hash_eng) )155 {156$$dict{$val} = $$hash_pol{$key};157 }158 }159160######################161sub main162 {163my%hash_eng = () ;164my%hash_pol = () ;165my%dict = ();166167print"========READING ENG FILE============\n";168 readRc2File("rc2/Addition_ENU.rc2",\%hash_eng);169print"Hash Table Size of hash_eng:".dictSize(\%hash_eng)."\n"; 170 readRc2File("rc2/icad.rc2",\%hash_eng,1);171print"Hash Table Size of hash_eng:".dictSize(\%hash_eng)."\n"; 172173#readRcFile("rc/IcadRes2_ENU.rc",\%hash_eng);174 #print "Hash Table Size of hash_eng:".dictSize(\%hash_eng)."\n"; 175176177print"=======READING POL FILE============\n";178 readRc2File("rc2/AdditionPL.rc2",\%hash_pol);179print"Hash Table Size of hash_pol:".dictSize(\%hash_pol)."\n"; 180 readRc2File("rc2/icad_POL.rc2",\%hash_pol,1);181print"Hash Table Size of hash_pol:".dictSize(\%hash_pol)."\n"; 182183#readRcFile("rc/IcadRes2_POL.rc",\%hash_pol);184 #print "Hash Table Size of hash_pol:".dictSize(\%hash_pol)."\n"; 185186 getDict(\%hash_eng,\%hash_pol,\%dict);187 writeDict(\%dict,"dict/rc_dict");188 }189190191######### 程序执⾏⼊⼝ ##################192 main();193194195196197###################tools for test########################### 198199sub writeDict200 {201my$dict_hash = shift ;202my$dict_Name = shift ;203open my$myfd, " >:utf8", $dict_Name;204while(my ($key, $val) = each(%$dict_hash) )205 {206if( $key ne $val )207 {208print$myfd"$key=\n$val \n" ;209 }210 }211 }212213sub dictSize214 {215my$hash_ref = shift ;216my$hash_size = keys %$hash_ref ;217return$hash_size;218 }219sub printDict220 {221my$hash_ref = shift ;222my$hash_size = keys %$hash_ref ;223print"\n---------hash_size:$hash_size-----------\n";224while(my ($key, $val) = each(%$hash_ref) )225 {226print"$key=\n$val\n" ;227 }228 }由于RC⽂件过于复杂，还没有写出来...~>_<~+。
rc滤波器截止频率计算 推导过程
rc滤波器截止频率计算推导过程The problem of calculating the cutoff frequency for an RC filter is a common challenge in the field of electrical engineering. This calculation is essential for designing and analyzing filters used in various electronic devices and systems. The cutoff frequency, also known as the -3dB frequency, is the frequency at which the output power of the filter is reduced to half of its maximum value. In the case of an RC filter, which consists of a resistor and a capacitor, the cutoff frequency can be determined through a straightforward derivation process.To begin with, it is important to understand the underlying principles of RC filters. These filters are commonly used to pass certain frequencies while attenuating others. The cutoff frequency is a critical parameter that defines the boundary between the passed and attenuated frequencies. In the case of a simple RC filter, the cutoff frequency can be calculated using the formula f_c = 1 /(2πRC), where f_c is the cutoff frequency, R is theresistance, and C is the capacitance. However, it is beneficial to understand the derivation of this formula to gain a deeper insight into the behavior of RC filters.The derivation process typically starts with the transfer function of the RC filter, which describes the relationship between the input and output voltages as a function of frequency. By analyzing the transfer function, one can determine the frequency at which the output voltage is attenuated to -3dB, which corresponds to a power reduction to half of its maximum value. This analysis involves manipulating the transfer function using complex numbers and algebraic operations to solve for the frequency at which the magnitude of the transfer function is equal to 1/√2 times the maximum value.Furthermore, the derivation process involves understanding the behavior of capacitors and resistors in the frequency domain. Capacitors exhibit impedance that varies inversely with frequency, while resistors have constant impedance. By incorporating these impedance characteristics into the analysis, one can derive thecutoff frequency formula for an RC filter. This process requires a solid understanding of complex impedance, phasor representation, and frequency response analysis.Moreover, the derivation of the cutoff frequency for an RC filter can be approached from the perspective of circuit analysis and network theory. By representing the RC filter as a circuit and applying techniques such as nodal analysis or mesh analysis, one can derive the transfer function and subsequently solve for the cutoff frequency. This approach provides a practical and systematic method for determining the cutoff frequency based on the circuit parameters.In addition, the derivation process can be linked to real-world applications and implications. Understanding how the cutoff frequency is derived for an RC filter is crucial for designing filters that meet specific requirements in electronic devices. Whether it is for audio equipment, communication systems, or signal processing applications, the ability to calculate the cutoff frequency accurately is essential for achieving the desired filtering characteristics.In conclusion, the problem of calculating the cutoff frequency for an RC filter involves a comprehensive understanding of electrical engineering principles, circuit analysis, and frequency domain analysis. The derivation process encompasses various perspectives, including the theoretical foundation of RC filters, impedance characteristics of capacitors and resistors, circuit analysis techniques, and practical applications. Mastering the derivation of the cutoff frequency formula is fundamental for engineers and researchers working in the field of electronics and signal processing.。
rc电驴能滤波的原理与算法
rc电驴能滤波的原理与算法The principle of filtering in RC electric donkeys is to reduce or eliminate unwanted noise or interference in the electrical signal. RC electric donkeys can use different filtering methods and algorithms to achieve this.RC电动驴滤波的原理是减少或消除电信号中不需要的噪音或干扰。
RC电动驴可以使用不同的滤波方法和算法来实现这一点。
One common method for filtering in RC electric donkeys is the use of low-pass filters. Low-pass filters allow only signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency to pass through, effectively blocking out high-frequency noise or interference.RC电动驴中一种常见的滤波方法是使用低通滤波器。
低通滤波器只允许频率低于某个截止频率的信号通过，有效地阻断了高频噪音或干扰。
Another method for filtering in RC electric donkeys is the use of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. DSP algorithms can beused to analyze the input signal and selectively remove unwanted noise or interference through digital manipulation.RC电动驴中另一种滤波方法是使用数字信号处理（DSP）算法。
医疗隔离变压器rc吸收
医疗隔离变压器rc吸收英文回答：Medical isolation transformers are specialized transformers used in healthcare settings to provide electrical isolation and protection for sensitive medical equipment. These transformers are designed to absorb the RC (resistance-capacitance) noise generated by the equipment and prevent it from affecting other devices or compromising patient safety.The RC noise, also known as common mode noise, is caused by the interaction between the resistance and capacitance in the electrical circuit. It can be generated by various sources such as power supplies, motors, or electronic devices. In medical settings, where precision and accuracy are crucial, this noise can interfere with the performance of medical equipment and potentially lead to false readings or malfunctions.Medical isolation transformers are specificallydesigned to address this issue. They feature a high levelof electrical isolation, which means they provide a barrier between the input and output circuits, preventing the RC noise from passing through. They use special winding techniques and insulation materials to achieve this levelof isolation.In addition to absorbing RC noise, medical isolation transformers also provide protection against electrical shocks. They have built-in safety features such as grounding, shielding, and surge protection to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare professionals. These transformers are often used in critical care areas, operating rooms, and other sensitive medical environments.For example, let's consider a scenario in an operating room where multiple medical devices are used simultaneously. Without a medical isolation transformer, the RC noise generated by one device could interfere with the performance of another device, leading to inaccurate readings or even equipment malfunction. This could haveserious consequences for the patient undergoing surgery. However, with the use of medical isolation transformers, the RC noise is absorbed and isolated, ensuring that each device operates independently without interference.中文回答：医疗隔离变压器是专门用于医疗保健环境的变压器，用于为敏感的医疗设备提供电气隔离和保护。
经典有机化学反应机理大全
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t型rc滤波电路 计算
t型rc滤波电路计算The T-type RC filter circuit is an important component in electronic circuits that is used for filtering out specific frequencies from a signal. The T-type RC filter circuit consists of resistors and capacitors arranged in a T configuration, hence the name. This type of filter is commonly used in audio equipment, communication systems, and power supply circuits to remove unwanted noise and interference from the signal.One of the key advantages of the T-type RC filter circuit is its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It is relatively easy to design and implement, and the components required are inexpensive and readily available. This makes it a popular choice for many applications where cost and simplicity are important factors.Another advantage of the T-type RC filter circuit isits ability to effectively filter out specific frequencies. By carefully selecting the values of the resistors andcapacitors, the filter can be tuned to attenuate certain frequencies while passing others. This makes it a versatile tool for shaping the frequency response of a circuit to meet specific requirements.In addition to its filtering capabilities, the T-type RC filter circuit also has the ability to provide impedance matching between different stages of a circuit. This can be useful in applications where the output impedance of one stage needs to be matched to the input impedance of the next stage to ensure maximum power transfer and minimal signal distortion.However, the T-type RC filter circuit also has some limitations that need to be considered. One of the main limitations is its relatively narrow bandwidth. Due to the nature of its design, the T-type RC filter circuit is not well-suited for applications that require a wide frequency range to be passed through the filter. In such cases, other types of filters, such as active filters or higher-order passive filters, may be more suitable.Another limitation of the T-type RC filter circuit is its sensitivity to component tolerances and variations. Small variations in the values of the resistors and capacitors can have a significant impact on the performance of the filter, potentially leading to deviations from the desired frequency response. This means that careful attention must be paid to component selection and matching to ensure consistent and reliable performance.In conclusion, the T-type RC filter circuit is a simple and cost-effective solution for filtering specific frequencies from a signal and providing impedance matching between different stages of a circuit. While it has its limitations, it remains a popular choice for many applications due to its versatility and ease of implementation. By understanding its strengths and weaknesses, designers can make informed decisions about when and how to use the T-type RC filter circuit in their electronic designs.。
2021年华为5G认证考试题库(含答案)
2021年华为5G认证考试题库（含答案）单选题（总共182题）1.NSA网络中，以下哪一层的统计最接近用户的体验速率?A、RRC层B、RLC层C、物理层D、PDCP层答案：D2.在NSA组网中，以下哪个定时器或常量不会用于下行链路检测?A、T301B、T310C、N300D、N310答案：C3.一NR小区SSB波束采用默认模式，天线挂高35米，机械下倾角为3°，数字下倾配置为0°，则此小区主覆盖波瓣的下沿(近点)距离基站大约是多少米?A、1200米B、330米C、150米D、670米答案：B4.NSA架构中，B1事件的门限值是如何发给UE的? A、通过Pss/SssB、通过RRC重配置信令C、通过OSI消息D、通过PBCH广播答案：B5.以下哪项是NR中的基本调度单位?A、REB、REGC、CCED、PRB答案：D6.如果出现了NSA接入失败，以下哪类问题可以通过性能指标做统计，并且可以统计相应的失败原因?A、eNodeB不发起gNodeB添加B、gNodeB拒绝添加请求C、UE无MR上报D、UE在eNodeB侧随机接入失败答案：B7.在切换准备过程中，源小区基于以下哪个参数确定切换的目标小区?A、频点B、NCGIC、PCID、TAC答案：C8.以下关于下行频率资源分配的描述，错误的是哪项?A、支持type0和type1两种分配方式B、type0是RBG粒度的分配方式，支持非连续分配和连续分配C、type0是RB粒度的分配方式，仅支持非连续分配D、type1是RB粒度的分配方式，仅支持连续分配答案：C9.5GRAN2.164T64R的AAU可以最多支持多少种广播波束场景配置?A、17B、3C、8D、5答案：A10.在NR用户上行速率测试中，对2T4R的终端，建议“上行最大MIMO层数”建议配置为以下哪项?A、Laver2B、Laver1C、Layer3D、Layer4答案：A11.以下哪种SRS的资源仅用于高频组网？A、NoncodebookB、BeammanagementC、CodebookD、Antennaswitching答案：D12.在NR辅站变更成功后，MeNodeB会通知MME以下哪条信令?A、PathUpdateProcedureB、RRCConnectionReconfigurationpleteC、SgNBInformationTransferD、SgNBReconfigurationplete答案：A13.做5G的C波段上行链路估算时，UE的发射功率一般为多少?A、26dBmB、30dBmC、33dBmD、23dBm答案：D14.如果需要开启干扰随机化调度，那么站内三个小区的PCI需要满足什么原则A、PCImod3错开B、PCImod8错开C、PCImod6错开D、PCImod4错开答案：A15.在NSA接入过程中，如果gNodeB收到了“additionrequest”消息，但是没有回复任何消息，以下哪项是可能的原因？（单选）A、gNodeB检测到X2链路故障B、无线资源不足C、gNodeB检测到s1链路故障D、License资源不足答案：A16.在同频切换的A3事件参数中，以下哪个参数不能基于QCI进行单独配置？A、A3偏置B、邻区偏置(CIO)C、A3幅度迟滞D、A3时间迟滞答案：B17.以下信道或信号中，发射功率跟随PUSCH的是哪项?A、PUCCHB、PUSCHC、PRACHD、SRS答案：A18.以下关于最小速率保障的描述，错误的是哪项?A、如果当前业务平均速率高于最小保障速率，基站会降低调度优先级B、如果当前业务平均速率低于最小保障速率，基站会提升调度优先级C、该参数不是3GPP规范的标准参数D、该参数是用于non-GBR业务答案：B19.Rel15版本中，5GPUSCH的最大码字数是多少个？A、4B、2C、1D、3答案：C20.以下关于SSB波束数量的描述，A、低频场景最个B、SA组网下，实际的波束数量通过SIB1消息下发C、最大的波束数量只和频段因素相关D、高频场景最4个答案：A21.在SIB1消息中，如果前导期望功率为-100dbm，SSB发射功率为18dbm,当前RSRP为-90dbm，那么终端第一个PRACH的前导发射功率是多少？A、10dBmB、-108dBmC、8dBmD、-118dBm答案：C22.针对60KHZ的SCS配置，一个无线帧中包含了多少个时隙？B、80C、160D、20答案：A23.RAN3.0，异频切换使用那个事件触发？A、A3B、A4C、A5D、A6答案：C24.在NR组网下，为了用户能获得接近上行最高速率，其MCS值最低要求应该是多少?A、16B、32C、25D、2025.以下关于PRACH的Scs描述，错误的是哪一项?A、短格式PRACH的SCS必须和PUSCHI的Scs一样B、长格式PRACH的SCs和PUSCH的scs一定不一样C、长格式PRACH采用固定的Scs，无法配置D、短格式PRACH的SCS可以配置，通过SIB1消息下发答案：A26.在5GC中，以下哪个模块用于用户的鉴权管理?A、ANFB、AUSFC、PCFD、SMF答案：B27.为了解决NR网络深度覆盖的问题，以下哪项措施是不可取的? A、采用低频段组网B、使用Lampsite提供室分覆盖C、增加NR系统带宽D、增加AAU发射功率答案：C28.NR触发A3事件的条件是以下哪项?A、Mn+Ofn-Hys>Ms+Ofs+OffB、Mn+Ofn+Ocn>Ms+Ofs+OcsC、Mn+Ofn+Ocn+HysD、Mn+Ofn+ocn-Hys>Ms+Ofs+Ocs+off答案：D29.在同频小区重选过程中，如果想实现终端从服务小区到某个特定邻区重选更容易，那么该如何修改参数?A、增加QoffsetB、增加QhystC、减小QoffsetD、诚小Qhyst答案：C30.以下哪种SCs不允许用于SSB?A、60KHzB、30KHzC、120KHzD、15KHz答案：A31.在NSA组网中，如果在eNodeb例配置的5GSSB频点和实际的不一致，会出现以下哪个问题？A、gnodeb拒地添加请求B、enodeb无法下发NR的测量配置C、UE随机接入失败D、UE无法上报5G测量结果答案：C32.以下关于PRACH虚警的描述，正确的是哪一项？A、U2020可以支持PRACH根序列冲突检测功能，降低虚警概率B、只要邻区之间PRACH信道时频位置相同，就会导致根序列冲突C、如有PRACH虚警问题，可以调整PRACH功控参数解决虚警问题D、只要邻区之间的PRACH前导序列有重复，就会导致根序列冲突答案：A33.5GCPE接收机的NoiseFigure(NF)典型值为哪项?A、1dBB、5dBC、7dbD、3dB答案：C34.gNOdeB通过PDCCH的DCI格式Uo/U1调整TPC取值,DCI长度是多少? A、4bitB、2bitC、3bitD、1bit答案：B35.64T64RAA支持的NR广播波束的水平3dB波宽，最大可以支持多少?A、65°B、90°C、45°D、110°答案：D36.每个终端最大可以配置多少个专用BWP?A、2个B、8个C、4个D、16个答案：C37.如果采用32T32R.100MHz带宽,MU-MIMO8流场景下，使用eCPRI接口所需要的带宽是多少?A、25GbpsB、50GbpsC、10GbpsD、100Gbps答案：C38.以下哪种UCI信息只能通过周期的PUCCH资源进行发送？A、PMIB、SRC、CQID、ACK-NACK答案：B39.NSA锚点切换流程中使用的是以下哪种事件报告?A、A4B、A3C、A5D、A6答案：B40.以下哪个参数不会出现在SCG的配置消息中？A、T304B、RSRP最小接收电平C、SSB发射功率D、SSB频点答案：C41.以下哪个场景属于NR基于非竞争的随机接入?A、初始RRC连接建立B、波束恢复C、RRC连接重建D、上行数据到达答案：B42.在NSA组网中，如果只有5G发送了掉话，那么终端收到的空口消息是以下哪条?A、RRCReleaseB、RRCReconfigurationC、SCGFailueInfoD、RRCReestablishment答案：C43.gNodeB根据UE上报的CQI，将其转换为几位长的MCS?A、4bitB、3bitC、2bitD、5bit44.在PDU会话建立过程中，以下哪个模块负责PCF的选择?A、AUSFB、SMFC、NSSFD、AMF答案：B45.在5G异频重选流程中，终端通过哪个消息获取异频的重选优先级？A、SIB2B、SIB3C、SIB4D、SIB5答案：C46.55SA组网中，以下哪种RC状态转换流程是不支持的?A、RC空闲到RRC连接B、RRC去激活到RRC空闲C、RRC空闲到RRC去激活D、RRC去激活到RRC连接答案：C47.5G中上行一共定义多少个逻辑信道组?A、4B、2D、8答案：D48.如果小区最大发射功率为100W，SCS＝30kHZ，带宽为100MHZ，乘用64T64R 的AAU，那么小区基准功率大约为多少?A、31.9dBmB、-3.3dbmC、0dbmD、34dbm答案：B49.MIB消，息中的哪个参数指示了CORRESETO的时域位置?A、ssb-subcarrieroffsetB、systemframemumbetC、PDCCH-configSIB1高4位D、PDCCH-configSIB1低4位答案：C50.以下哪项不是对CPE做NR下行峰值调测时的建议操作?A、时隙配比设置为4:1B、调制阶数设置支持256QAMMIMO层数设置为4流D、把CPE终端放置在离AAU两米处答案：D51.以下几类数传问题中，哪一项不仅仅是空口质量的问题造成的？A、调度次数低B、IBLER高C、RAK低D、MCS低答案：A52.NR小区中，以下哪个指标可以反映UE业务态的覆盖情况?A、SSBRSRPB、CSIRSRPC、PDSCHRSRPD、CSISINR答案：B53.如果NR广播波束配置成水平3dB为65度波束，则对64T64R的AAU来说。
不同的rcd吸收电路
不同的rcd吸收电路英文回答：Different RCD (Residual Current Device) absorption circuits are used to protect electrical circuits and equipment from electrical faults and ensure safety. These circuits work by detecting any imbalance in the electrical current flowing through the circuit and quicklyinterrupting the power supply to prevent electric shock or fire hazards.One type of RCD absorption circuit is the AC type, which operates by comparing the current flowing into the circuit with the current flowing out of the circuit. If there is any difference between these two currents, it indicates a fault in the circuit, and the RCD quickly trips to disconnect the power supply. AC type RCDs are commonly used in residential and commercial buildings to protect against electric shock.Another type of RCD absorption circuit is the A type, which is designed to detect and protect against both AC and DC faults. This type of RCD is commonly used in industrial settings where there is a higher risk of DC faults, such as in factories or power plants. A type RCDs are moresensitive and can detect even small leakage currents, providing enhanced protection against electrical hazards.In addition to these two types, there are also other specialized RCD absorption circuits available for specific applications. For example, there are RCDs designed for use in wet environments, such as swimming pools or outdoor areas, which have enhanced protection against water-related electrical faults. There are also RCDs with adjustable sensitivity levels, allowing for customization based on the specific requirements of the electrical circuit or equipment being protected.Overall, the use of different RCD absorption circuits ensures that electrical circuits and equipment are protected from electrical faults and provides an extra layer of safety. These circuits are essential in preventingelectric shock and fire hazards, and their effectiveness depends on the specific type of RCD used and its application.中文回答：不同的RCD（剩余电流保护器）吸收电路用于保护电路和设备免受电气故障的影响，确保安全。
Marantz RC9200 5200 Remote Control User Guide
Automating Your Home TheaterWith MarantzAutomating Your Home Theater With The Marantz RC9200/5200RC9200/5200 Remote Control User GuideThe information in this manual is copyright-protected. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced in any form without prior written consent from Marantz America, Inc.MARANTZ AMERICA, INC. CORPORATION SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR OMISSIONS OR FOR TECHNICAL OR EDITORIAL ERRORS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL. MARANTZ AMERICA, INC. SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE SUPPLYING OR USE OF THIS INFORMATION. MARANTZ AMERICA, INC. SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE PERFORMANCE OR USE OF THE MATERIALS DESCRIBED IN THIS MANUAL.The information in this manual may be subject to change without prior notice.All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations.FCC NOTICE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rule. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and , if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is not guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:n Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.n Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.n Connect the equipment into an outlet on a different circuit from the receiver.n Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.Note If serial or parallel ports are configured, a filtered/shielded serial orT ap the Mode Button:to access the Mode Menus. They are different based on theDevicesMacros Home Panel number: shows active control panel Tap the Scroll Arrows:to scroll to otherpanels within theactive group.When you use the Remote Control for the first time, you will have place the Remote Control in the docking station and charge thebutton on the Home Panel to check batteryUse the Control PanelButtons:to operate yourcomponents2Place the battery pack in the battery compartment.4Place the battery cover back on.Note Make sure the cable of the battery pack does not get stuckbetween the molded interior and the battery cover.Control at an angle of 30° to 45°when you place the it in thedocking station.Charging starts immediately. The green charging LED on the front of the docking station indicates charging takes place. When the Remote Control is fully charged, the LED goes off.Normal charging time is 2 to 3 hours, depending on thecondition of the battery pack.You can operate the Remote Control while it is being charged.The battery pack does not have to be entirely empty beforerecharging.You can place the Remote Control in the docking station at anytime.you to immediately operate your devices.In Use mode the menu bar at the bottom of the screen displays theMode Menu. Tap the symbol. A menu will pop up with USE as an option. If the menu bar shows another symbol, like , tap it Note If you do not see the mode menuAfter using the scroll arrows to view all of the choices, simply tap the label of the group you would like.When you jump to a Device, the RC9200/5200 will change theinput of your home theater receiver/preamp (using the pull downPress and hold either of the two Left and Right hard buttons,Opposite the scroll arrow on the bottom of the screen, the Panel display shows you which panel you are viewing.Your Macro Groups have also been programmed with “one-touch” jump buttons and tab style navigation to make it easy to 1. To view the TV’s Effectspanel, press the EFX tab. 2. The RC9200/5200 will jump to the TV Effects panel.1. To view the channel macros for sports channels, press 2. The RC9200/5200 will jump to the panel displayingMake sure you are on the HOMEthe ModeSelect either the Home, Device or Macro divisions of panels by Touch the Mode icon at the bottom of the screen.Devices Macros HomeTap the Mode button1 to 100 cm apart (1/2 to 36 inches)Switch to Learn mode via the Mode button .Switch to Label mode via the Mode buttonTo delete a character, press the Right button.To enter a character, tap the keyboard near the characterThe keyboard is zoomed in, allowing you to tap exactly theAfter you have tapped the character, the keyboard is zoomed out. Repeat this action for every character.Switch to Label mode via the Mode button.Marantz constantly updates the templates for new models, so yourremote may show considerably more models than we show here.If you try to Create New Device and you cannot use a scrollarrow to reveal all of these devices, you have the RevertHelp- This template is used to create a Help List that will help users through a multiple step process that cannot be reliably programmed as a macro. See page 20-22 for more information about help lists.Moving Groups and Re-Ordering The Home Buttons You can change the order of Device menu items and Macro menu items. Changes you make in the Device menu are automaticallySwitch to Delete mode via the Mode button.Switch to LEARN mode via the Mode button . Switch to Add mode via the Mode buttonRecording A Macro Step By StepTo record a macro, there must be at least one macro group in the Macro menu. To create these groups, see page 35-40. Read theSwitch to Edit mode via the Mode button .Switch to Edit mode via the Mode button .Tap ordelay.Use the arrow buttons and Switch to Add mode via the Mode buttonYou can choose to operate devices using radio frequency(RF)approximately 20 meters (66unlike IR signals, go throughthe Remote Control are picked up by the RF-77 RF Extender. The RF Extender translates the RF signals in IR signals and sends the IR signals to the appropriate device. Therefore, the RF Extender has to be placed near the device you’re operating with the RF Extender’s sending eye pointed to the device.Your devices will always receive IR signals either directly from the Remote Control or from the RF Extender.Tap the Mode button。
uhpc增强损伤rc柱工作机理
uhpc增强损伤rc柱工作机理英文回答：Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a type of concrete with high strength and durability. It is often used in applications where high strength is required, such as in columns. When UHPC is used to reinforce damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns, it can significantly improve the strength and ductility of the column.There are two main mechanisms by which UHPC enhances the performance of damaged RC columns:1. Confinement: UHPC can provide confinement to the damaged RC column, which helps to prevent the column from buckling. This is because UHPC is able to transfer loads from the damaged RC column to the surrounding concrete, which helps to keep the column in place.2. Bonding: UHPC can bond to the damaged RC column,which helps to improve the strength and ductility of the column. This is because UHPC is able to form a strong bond with the concrete, which helps to prevent the column from cracking.In addition to these two main mechanisms, UHPC can also provide other benefits to damaged RC columns, such as:Increased shear strength: UHPC can increase the shear strength of damaged RC columns, which helps to prevent the column from collapsing.Improved fire resistance: UHPC can improve the fire resistance of damaged RC columns, which helps to protect the column from damage in the event of a fire.中文回答：超高性能混凝土（UHPC）是一种强度和耐久性都很高的混凝土类型。
亲核加成反应
由亲核试剂与底物发生的加成反应
01 定义
03 判断标准
目录
02 代表性的反应 04 其他重要反应
亲核加成反应(Nucleophilic addition reaction)指给电子能力强的原子与不饱和键结合所引起的加成反 应。亲核加成反应是由亲核试剂与底物发生的加成反应。反应发生在碳氧双键、碳氮叁键、碳碳叁键等等不饱和 的化学键上。
定义
反应底物中不饱和化学键带部分正电荷一 端原子，并与之成键，π键断开形成另一端原子的负离子中间体，然后试剂中的亲电部分与负离子中间体结合， 形成亲核加成产物。
代表性的反应
最有代表性的反应是醛或酮的羰基与格氏试剂加成的反应。 RC=O + R'MgCl → RR'C-OMgCl 再水解得醇，这是合成醇的良好办法。在羰基中，O稍显电负性；在格氏试剂中，C-Mg相连，Mg稍显电正性， C是亲核部位。于是格式试剂的亲核碳进攻亲电的羰基碳，双键打开，新的C-C键形成。 水、醇、胺类以及含有氰离子的物质都可以与羰基加成。碳氮叁键(氰基)的亲核加成主要表现为水解生成羧 基。 此外，端炔的碳碳叁键也可以与HCN等亲核试剂发生亲核加成，如乙炔和氢氰酸反应生成丙烯腈(CH2=CH-CN)。
判断标准
羰基碳正电性强的活性强，空间阻碍小的活性强，连有吸电子基可使正电性加强，推电子基减弱，这部分不 会考活性比较的，重点是亲核取代，即先加成再消除的机理还要有负碳离子反应。亲核加成反应活性最强的化合 物是:CCl3CHO。
其他重要反应
对羰基的加成。 当羰基是亲电试剂，亲核试剂可以是： 与水在水解反应中生成偕二醇（水合物）。 与醇在缩醛化反应中生成缩醛或缩酮。 与有机氢化物在有机还原反应中得到醇。 与胺、甲醛和一个羰基化合物发生曼尼希反应。 与烯醇发生羟醛缩合或者Baylis-Hillman反应。 与有机金属亲核试剂发生格氏反应、Reformatsky反应或者Barbier反应。 与叶立德比如维蒂希试剂、Corey-Chaykovsky试剂或者α-硅负离子Peterson烯烃合成发生反应。 与膦负离子反应：Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons反应。 与吡啶两性离子反应：Hammick反应。
北新泾社区65岁以上老人放弃免费体检原因调查与分析
北新泾社区65岁以上老人放弃免费体检原因调查与分析摘要]目的：了解社区65岁以上老人拒绝参加免费体检的原因。
可以有针对性的采取相应措施提高相应人群的免费体检率。
方法：收集2014年未参加65岁以上老人未参加免费体检的名单，采取分层随机抽样的方法调查相关居民，即在三个团队中各抽取一个居委进行调查，另外对居委卫生干部、家庭医生等进行采访，收集弃检可能因素，结合以往研究，制定调查问卷，对居民采用电话访问、上门方式完成问卷。
收集整理数据，汇总分析，完成论文。
结论：一村一居委、五村居委、和北翟居委，三个居委中应该参加65岁以上体检人数是3500名，实际体检人数2549人，未参加体检人数为953名，分层随机抽取其中300名进行未体检原因调查。
1.拒绝免费体检的老人年龄在65-70的最多；2.男性＞女性；3.城镇医保＞无保；4.拒绝免费体检的老人在下面三个原因居多：（1）体检项目不全以后免不了抽血化验，并表示自己回到医院做全面检查；（2）离家较远，身体活动不便，不能参加；（3）不知道有免费体检这回事。
[关键字]65岁以上老年人;放弃免费体检；原因Beixinjing community 65 years old to give up free medical Investigation and analysisZhao weiBeixinjing community health service centers,changning district,Shanghai ,200050 [Abstract]Objective:To understand the community more than 65 - year - old refused to join the free physical examination. Can be targeted to take corresponding measures to improve the corresponding the free physical examination rate of the crowd. Methods: To collect 2014 not to participate in more than 65 - year - old not in the list of free physical examination,adopt the method of stratified random sampling survey related residents,namely in the three teams each extract a rc investigation, in addition to rc cadres health, family doctors, such as interview, collect abandoned possible factors, combined with previous research, formulate questionnaires, telephone interviews, the door mode to the residents to complete the questionnaire. To collect data, summary analysis, complete thesis. Conclusion:Takes a rc, rc, and north zhai rc, five village of three rc should participate in more than 65 - year - old medical number is 3500, the number of actual physical examination, 2549, did not take part in the number of physical examination for 953, stratified random sample of 300 is not a medical reason for investigation. 1.Refused to free physical examination of the old people aged 65-65 the most;2. Men > women; 3. The urban health care > uninsured; 4.Refused to free physical examination of the old man in the majority in the following three reasons: (1) a medical project is not after all be exsanguinate assay, and said he returned to the hospital for full inspection; (2) far away from home, physical activity inconvenience, cannot attend; (3) don't know have free medical examination.[Key words] 65 years or older;Give up a free medical；Reason目前，上海老龄化程度全国最高，2008年60岁以上户籍老年人口比例21.6%,预计到2020年将达到33%[1]定期健康体检可以有效的早期发现身体异常状况，从而更好的进行预防治疗[2]。
酒店的rc流程及注意事项
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博恩斯（Bourns）电子组件产品线新增CMH322522系列芯片电感说明书
Bourns®Inductive Components Product LineAdds CMH322522 Inductor SeriesRiverside,California - June 11,2007 - Bourns®Inductive Components Product Line expands the chip inductor product offering with the addition of the CMH322522 series.This 1210-size chip inductor offers values from 0.01 µH through 330 µH with current ratings as high as 450 mA.Model CM322522,a shielded inductor,replaces JW Miller Model PM20S,which will be discontinued December 31,2007.A part number-to-part number cross-reference is included on the next page.The data sheet for the CMH322522 series has been added to the Bourns website (). Samples are available upon request.I N D U C T I V E C O M P O N E N T SFeatures• 1210 size• Magnetic shielding • High Q characteristic • High current rating • RoHS compliant*Applications•Prevention of electromagnetic interference to signals on the secondary side of electronic equipmentIC0738*RoHS Directive 2002/95 EC Jan 27 2003 including AnnexBourns®Inductive Components Product Line Adds CMH322522 Inductor Series June,2007Page 2 of2PM20S to CMH322522 Cross-Reference GuideJWM Part Number BOURNS Part Number Value (µH)PM20S-R010M-RC CMH322522-10NML0.010PM20S-R012M-RC CMH322522-12NML0.012PM20S-R015M-RC CMH322522-15NML0.015PM20S-R018M-RC CMH322522-18NML0.018PM20S-R022M-RC CMH322522-22NML0.022PM20S-R027M-RC CMH322522-27NML0.027PM20S-R033M-RC CMH322522-33NML0.033PM20S-R039M-RC CMH322522-39NML0.039PM20S-R047M-RC CMH322522-47NML0.047PM20S-R056M-RC CMH322522-56NML0.056PM20S-R068M-RC CMH322522-68NML0.068PM20S-R082M-RC CMH322522-82NML0.082PM20S-R10M-RC CMH322522-R10KL0.10PM20S-R12M-RC CMH322522-R12KL0.12PM20S-R15M-RC CMH322522-R15KL0.15PM20S-R18M-RC CMH322522-R18KL0.18PM20S-R22M-RC CMH322522-R22KL0.22PM20S-R27M-RC CMH322522-R27KL0.27PM20S-R33M-RC CMH322522-R33KL0.33PM20S-R39M-RC CMH322522-R39KL0.39PM20S-R47M-RC CMH322522-R47KL0.47PM20S-R56M-RC CMH322522-R56KL0.56PM20S-R68M-RC CMH322522-R68KL0.68PM20S-R82M-RC CMH322522-R82KL0.82PM20S-1R0K-RC CMH322522-1R0KL 1.0PM20S-1R2K-RC CMH322522-1R2KL 1.2PM20S-1R5K-RC CMH322522-1R5KL 1.5PM20S-1R8K-RC CMH322522-1R8KL 1.8PM20S-2R2K-RC CMH322522-2R2KL 2.2PM20S-2R7K-RC CMH322522-2R7KL 2.7PM20S-3R3K-RC CMH322522-3R3KL 3.3PM20S-3R9K-RC CMH322522-3R9KL 3.9PM20S-4R7K-RC CMH322522-4R7KL 4.7PM20S-5R6K-RC CMH322522-5R6KL 5.6PM20S-6R8K-RC CMH322522-6R8KL 6.8PM20S-8R2K-RC CMH322522-8R2KL8.2PM20S-100K-RC CMH322522-100KL10PM20S-120K-RC CMH322522-120KL12PM20S-150K-RC CMH322522-150KL15PM20S-180K-RC CMH322522-180KL18PM20S-220K-RC CMH322522-220KL22PM20S-270K-RC CMH322522-270KL27PM20S-330K-RC CMH322522-330KL33PM20S-390K-RC CMH322522-390KL39PM20S-470K-RC CMH322522-470KL47PM20S-560K-RC CMH322522-560KL56PM20S-680K-RC CMH322522-680KL68PM20S-820K-RC CMH322522-820KL82PM20S-101K-RC CMH322522-101KL100。
官能团转换
官能团转换利用有机物的化学反应实现官能团转换是制备有机化合物的基本方法。
一、转换成碳－碳双键的方法1．醇的消除反应C H COHC C+ H2OH2SO4活性顺序：叔醇>仲醇>伯醇；反应遵循札依采夫规律。
2．卤代烷的消除反应C H CXC C+ HXNaOH/ROH活性顺序：叔卤代烷>仲卤代烷>伯卤代烷；反应遵循札依采夫规律。
3．季铵碱的消除反应CHC NR3OH C C+ NR3 + H2O反应遵循霍夫曼规律（得到双键上取代最少的烯烃）。
二、转换成碳－碳叁键的方法二卤代烷或卤代烯烃的消除反应C H H CXXC C+ HXNaOR/ROHC H C X三、转换成碳－卤键的方法1． 烷烃的取代反应CH hvX 2CX + HX活性顺序：叔碳H 、烯丙式H 、苄基H > 仲碳H > 伯碳H ； Cl 2>Br 2。
反应条件：光照、高温、过氧化物。
2． 烯烃、炔烃的加成反应C HC XC CHXC XC XC CX 2C CHXC C H H X X C C H X HXC CX 2C C X X X XC CX X X 23． 芳烃的取代反应X 2FeX 3X4． 醇的取代反应C OHHX 或PX 3C X活性顺序：叔醇>仲醇>伯醇；HI>HBr>HCl 。
5． 重氮盐的取代反应N NXCuXX ：Cl 、Br ，I 取代时用KI 。
四、转换成羟基的反应1． 卤代烷的水解反应NaOH/H 2OC OHC X活性顺序：碘代烷>溴代烷>氯代烷2． 格氏试剂与醛、酮的加成反应CO (1)RMgX (2)H 2OC OH R由甲醛得到伯醇、由其它醛得到仲醇、由酮得到叔醇。
3． 羰基、酯基、羧基的还原反应CO C OHH H 2/Ni LiAlH 4或 NaBH 4由醛得到伯醇、由酮得到仲醇。
C R'OORCH 2OH R'H 2/Ni LiAlH 4CH 2OH R +C R OOHLiAlH 4CH 2OH R4． 烯烃与水的加成反应C HC OH C CH 2O/H 2SO 4按马氏规则，烯烃在酸催化下加水得不到伯醇（除乙烯外）；端基烯可以通过硼氢化反应得到伯醇。