Nonverbal Communication in International Business
非语言交流英文作文
非语言交流英文作文English:Nonverbal communication plays a crucial role in our daily interactions with others. It goes beyond the spoken or written word and includes things like facial expressions, body language, gestures, posture, and even the tone of voice. Nonverbal cues can convey a wide range of emotions, attitudes, and intentions, often more effectively than words alone. For example, a warm smile can instantly create a sense of connection and trust, while crossed arms might signal defensiveness or hostility. Nonverbal communication can also help to clarify or emphasize verbal messages, making interactions more impactful and engaging. In addition, it can also serve as a form of universal communication, transcending language barriers and cultural differences. Understanding and effectively using nonverbal communication can greatly improve our ability to connect with others, build relationships, and navigate social situations with greater ease and success.中文翻译:非语言交流在我们日常与他人互动中发挥着至关重要的作用。
Define the nonverbal communication
Define the nonverbal communication:(1)“Metacommunication(beyond the usual commmunication), paralinguistics, second-order messages, the silent language, and the hidden dimension of communication.” (Hall, 1959)(2)Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar and Porter, 2004)●Define it in Chinese:●非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信息的所有的刺激，简单地说就是“不用语言的交际”，被称为“无声的语言”。
●非语言交际在人类交际中非常重要。
因为它最能反映一个人的情感或情绪状态。
●一个人（或多个人）不利用言语形式或只利用副语言形式所传达的信息被另一个人（或多个人）接收的交际行为。
Nonverbal Communication Classifications:Body Language●Body language refers to all nonverbal codes which are associatedwith body movements.Body language includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, postures and other displays that can be used to communicate.1.Gesture:(1)finger:In the United States, the index finger is used to point to objects and even at people.Germans point with the little fingerJapanese point with the entire hand, palms upIn much of Asia, pointing with the index finger is considered rude 英语国家的人有不少‘手语’，其一就是cross one's fingers或keep one's fingers crossed。
non-verbal communication 无语言交流
It means No in Iran Aand Turkey.
28
Eye Gestures
• Eye contact indicates attention in America • Staring is rude in Korea, Japan, and Thailand • Eyebrow flash is a sign of flirtation • Wink is a sign of flirtation or shared secret • Dilated eyes indicates fear or anger • Rolling the eyes shows amazement
• Face can pout, grimace, snarl, wince, blush, gape, smirk, glare, frown, etc.
• Face can nod, shake, jerk, tilt, duck, turn.
• Nodding the head up and down means Yes.
A
7
Definition: (1)
• “Metacommunication (beyond
the usual commmunication),
paralinguistics, second-
order messages, the silent
language, and the hidden
dimension of communication.”
A
4
What is being communicated here?
A
5
What type of person is this lady?
nonverbal-communication-in-business-negotiation
The dissertation ispartitioned intofiveparts.
Partonesimplystatesthe research background, significance, research gap and outline.
The second part narrates the review of literature which includes nonverbal communication and international businessnegotiation abroad andat home.
3.2 Environment language8
3.2.1 Time Message8
3.2.2 Space Message9
3.3 Paralanguage11
3.4 Object language12
4．Case Analysis13
5. Conclusion15
References16
Acknowledgements18
Partthree istheprincipalpartof the thesis. It mainly analyzes the cases by books.
Partfour iscase analysis.
Partfive is about conclusions.
1.3
There are three research methodsusedin this thesis:
关键词：非语言交际；商务交流；文化差异
Contents
Abstracti
摘要ii
1.Introduction1
1.1 Background1
什么是非语言交际英语作文
什么是非语言交际英语作文Non-verbal communication refers to the transmission of messages or information through gestures, facial expressions, body language, and other non-verbal cues, rather than through spoken or written language. In English, an essay on non-verbal communication would delve into the various forms, significance, and cultural differences associated with this mode of communication.Non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in interpersonal interactions, often complementing or even overshadowing verbal communication. It includes facial expressions such as smiling, frowning, or raising eyebrows, which can convey emotions ranging from happiness to anger or surprise. Gestures like hand movements, nods, or shrugs also convey meaning and can emphasize or clarify spoken words.Body language, including posture and proximity, can signal openness, defensiveness, interest, or disinterest ina conversation. For instance, leaning forward and making eye contact may indicate attentiveness and engagement, while crossing one's arms and avoiding eye contact can suggest discomfort or disagreement.Moreover, paralinguistic cues such as tone of voice, pitch, volume, and pace of speech contribute significantly to communication. A soft tone may convey intimacy or gentleness, while a loud tone might indicate excitement or anger. Similarly, speaking quickly can denote enthusiasm or nervousness, whereas a slow pace may convey thoughtfulness or boredom.The interpretation of non-verbal cues varies across cultures, making it essential to consider cultural context when communicating. For example, while direct eye contact is often perceived as a sign of confidence and sincerity in Western cultures, it may be considered disrespectful or confrontational in some Asian cultures where avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect.Understanding non-verbal communication is vital invarious contexts, including professional settings, social interactions, and romantic relationships. In business, for instance, a firm handshake and confident posture can make a positive impression during job interviews or meetings. Similarly, in social situations, mirroring the body language of others can foster rapport and trust.Non-verbal communication also plays a significant role in detecting deception. Micro-expressions, fleeting facial expressions that reveal underlying emotions, can betray dishonesty even when someone is trying to conceal their true feelings. Detecting these subtle cues requires attentiveness and emotional intelligence.In conclusion, non-verbal communication is a complex and essential aspect of human interaction. It encompasses gestures, facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic cues, all of which contribute to the transmission of messages and the interpretation of meaning. Understanding non-verbal cues and their cultural nuances enhances communication effectiveness and fosters better interpersonal relationships.。
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 5 Non-verbal communication 2
1.2 The Importance of Nonverbal Communication
1.3 Functions of non-verbal communication
• • • •
Replacing Modifying Regulating Conveying
• Repeating • Contradicting • Emphasizing
Questions for Discussion:
• 1. What is nonverbal communication and how can we define it? Why can’t we ignore the existence of nonverbal behaviors in intercultural communication? • 2. How can we differentiate nonverbal communication from verbal communication? Depict the characteristics of nonverbal communication with examples in your daily life. • 3. What are the functions of nonverbal signals in intercultural communication?
Section 2
1. The Nature of Nonverbal Communication
1.1 Definition of Nonverbal Communication
• metacommunication (元信息传递) • paralinguistic (副语言，指手势语等；超语言， 如呻吟声、叹息声等) • second-order messages • the silent language • all those messages that people exchange beyond the words themselves / without the use
非语言交流的意义英文作文
非语言交流的意义英文作文英文：Nonverbal communication plays a significant role in our daily interactions with others. It serves as a powerfultool for conveying emotions, thoughts, and intentions without the use of words. Nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, body language, and eye contact can greatly impact the way a message is perceived and understood.For example, when I was traveling in China, I foundthat nonverbal communication was essential in bridging the language barrier. While I struggled to speak Mandarin fluently, I relied on hand gestures, facial expressions, and body language to communicate with locals. By nodding my head, smiling, or using simple hand gestures, I was able to convey my needs and understand the responses of others. This nonverbal exchange allowed me to connect with people and navigate through various situations, despite thelanguage differences.Nonverbal communication also plays a crucial role in professional settings. In business negotiations, for instance, maintaining eye contact and using open body language can convey confidence and trustworthiness. On the other hand, avoiding eye contact and displaying closed-off body language may signal discomfort or dishonesty. These nonverbal cues can significantly impact the outcome of the negotiation and the establishment of a successful business relationship.Overall, nonverbal communication is a universal language that transcends linguistic barriers. It allows usto connect with others on a deeper level, express our emotions, and understand the unspoken messages of those around us.中文：非语言交流在我们日常与他人的互动中起着重要作用。
自考论文On Nonverbal Communication in International Business Negotiation
湖南第一师范学院自考本科毕业论文考籍号: 姓名:指导教师:题目:On Nonverbal Communication inInternational Business Negotiation专业: 英语（外贸方向）联系电话:地址: 邮编: 410081二O 一一年四月Contents Abstract (I)1. Introduction (1)2.Verbal and Nonverbal Communication (3)2.1 The Relation of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication (3)2.2 The Function of Nonverbal in Cross-culture Communication..42.2.1 Repeating and Complementing (5)2.2.2 Substituting (6)2.2.3 Regulating (6)2.2.4 Contradicting (6)2.3 The Classification of Nonverbal Communication (7)3. Factors of Success in International Business Negotiation (9)3.1 The process of negotiation (9)3.2 Negotiation outcomes of international business negotiation..103.3 Culture and negotiation (11)4. The Application of Nonverbal Communication in InternationalBusiness Negotiation (13)4.1 Flexibly using eye language (13)4.2 Smartly using face expression (14)4.3 Properly using gesture as signals (16)4.3.1 Correctly using nodding and shaking head (16)4.3.2 Correctly using finger signaling and shaping (17)4.3.3 Correctly using thumbing (18)5. Conclusion (19)References (21)A cknowledgements (23)On Nonverbal Communication in International BusinessNegotiationAbstract:International business negotiation plays a very important role in today's international communication and cooperation, it is a special kind of cross-cultural communication form. People in these special events usually pay more attention to learn language communication ways and ignore the importance of nonverbal communication. Therefore, this paper mainly analyses three kinds of non-verbal communication application in international business negotiations, like facial expressions,eye language, gestures. Owing to different meaning caused by different culture background, what items need to be paid attention to are certainly discussed,so that it can be offered as a reference on intercultural business negotiations in future.Key words:cross-cultural communication; international business negotiation; nonverbal communication摘要：国际商务谈判在当今的国际交流与合作中扮演着很重要的角色，它是一种特殊的跨文化交际形式。
《Non-verbal Communication》 讲义
《Non-verbal Communication》讲义《Nonverbal Communication》讲义在我们的日常生活和人际交往中，沟通是至关重要的。
而大多数人往往会将注意力集中在语言交流上，却忽略了另一种同样强大且具有影响力的沟通方式——非言语沟通（Nonverbal Communication）。
非言语沟通涵盖了各种形式，包括肢体语言、面部表情、眼神交流、姿势、手势、触摸，甚至包括个人的空间利用和服饰打扮等。
肢体语言是我们传递信息的重要手段之一。
例如，一个自信的人通常会挺直腰背，走路步伐坚定；而一个沮丧或缺乏自信的人可能会弯腰驼背，脚步拖沓。
当我们与他人交流时，如果对方不停地交叉双腿或者摆弄手指，这可能暗示着他们的紧张或者不耐烦。
再比如，双臂交叉抱在胸前，有时可能表示防御或拒绝的态度。
面部表情能够传达丰富而细微的情感。
一个真诚的微笑可以瞬间拉近人与人之间的距离，让人感到温暖和受欢迎。
皱起的眉头则可能表示困惑、担忧或不满。
眼睛是心灵的窗户，眼神交流在沟通中起着关键作用。
坚定而直接的眼神通常被视为诚实和自信的表现；而回避眼神接触可能暗示着心虚、不自在或者缺乏兴趣。
姿势也能传递出大量的信息。
一个开放、放松的姿势，比如身体前倾、双手自然摆放，显示出对交流的积极参与和接纳。
相反，蜷缩起来的姿势可能表示退缩和不愿意参与。
手势可以强化我们的言语表达。
在描述某个大小时，用手比划可以让对方更直观地理解。
但需要注意的是，不同的文化中，某些手势可能具有完全不同的含义。
比如，在某些国家，竖起大拇指表示赞赏；而在另一些国家，可能是一种不礼貌的手势。
触摸是一种非常亲密和有力的非言语沟通方式。
轻轻的拍肩可以表示安慰和鼓励；握手的力度和方式也能传达出不同的情感和态度。
然而，触摸的方式和程度必须根据关系的亲疏和文化背景来把握，否则可能会引起不适或误解。
个人的空间利用也在非言语沟通中扮演着角色。
每个人都有自己的“个人空间泡泡”，当他人侵入这个空间时，我们可能会感到不舒服或有压力。
非语言交流英语作文四六级
非语言交流英语作文四六级Non-verbal Communication in English Writing。
In today's globalized world, communication skills are more important than ever. While language is often the first thing that comes to mind when we think of communication, it is important to remember that non-verbal communication can also play a significant role. In this essay, we will explore the importance of non-verbal communication in English writing.Non-verbal communication refers to any form of communication that does not involve words. This can include body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and even the way we dress. In English writing, non-verbal communication can play a crucial role in conveying our intended message.One of the most important aspects of non-verbal communication in English writing is tone. Tone refers tothe attitude or emotion that is conveyed through our words. For example, if we write a message in all capital letters, it can come across as aggressive or angry. On the other hand, if we use a lot of exclamation marks, it can convey excitement or enthusiasm. By paying attention to our tone, we can ensure that our message is received in the way we intend.Another important aspect of non-verbal communication in English writing is body language. While we may not be physically present when we are writing, our body language can still come across in our words. For example, if we use short, abrupt sentences, it can convey a sense of impatience or frustration. On the other hand, if we use longer, more descriptive sentences, it can convey a sense of thoughtfulness or consideration.Facial expressions are also an important part of non-verbal communication in English writing. While we may not be able to see each other's faces, we can still convey emotion through the words we choose. For example, if we use a lot of emoticons or emojis, it can convey a sense ofhumor or playfulness. On the other hand, if we use a lot of exclamation marks or capital letters, it can convey a sense of urgency or excitement.Finally, the way we dress can also be a form of non-verbal communication in English writing. While we may not be physically present, the way we present ourselves in our writing can convey a sense of professionalism or informality. For example, if we use a lot of slang or informal language, it can convey a sense of informality or casualness. On the other hand, if we use more formal language and structure, it can convey a sense of professionalism and seriousness.In conclusion, non-verbal communication plays a crucial role in English writing. By paying attention to our tone, body language, facial expressions, and even our dress, we can ensure that our message is received in the way we intend. As we continue to communicate with people from all over the world, it is important to remember that non-verbal communication can be just as important as the words we choose.。
Nonverbal-Communication-非语言交际
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外表：人们为了最求身体美费劲心思，人们曾经以美的名义纹 身，在身上系事物，穿上服装，有脱下服装，甚至不惜整形。 修饰身体具有文化上的普遍性。
外表在文化间的交流中很重要，因为人们评价的标准和做出的 判断都取决于文化的解释。
美国：人们青睐高个、苗条的女人；日本，人们认为小巧的女 人最有魅力；在传统非洲，丰满是美丽、健康、富有的标志， 而纤瘦则是不幸、疾病或受丈夫虐待的标志；在中国，女性美 又有不同的文化标准。多数女子发式简单，很少化妆或戴五颜 六色的围巾、珠宝首饰等来自我修饰以引人注明。
表示强烈反对
眨眼（很快的合上一只眼，微微一 表示下列几种感情：会意，赞许，
笑点点头）
鼓励，传递信息，表示团结等
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面部表情Facial Expression
面孔是心灵的镜子；面孔能泄密。
每个人都有相似的表情，但人们赋予它们的文化含义却因文化不 同而不同。
文化无法控制面孔 – 全世界有一套基本的面部表情，其中至少有 六种都是与生俱来的，具有普遍性，基本含义相同。这些泛文化、 普遍的六种面部表情就是快乐、悲哀、恐惧、气愤、厌恶和惊讶。
2021/8/信息的身体变动。这些信息关于： 你对他人的态度（与朋友面对面站着，或身体向前微倾，表明你很放 松）；你的情感状况（敲桌子表明你紧张）；你控制环境的欲望（示 意某人走过来意味着你想同他交谈）。
所有人在使用动作交流时，文化会教你如何使用和理解这些动作。
安慰；鼓励；钟爱
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美国文化中的动作
身势语 咂指甲
意义 重大思想负担；担心，不知所措
用大拇指盯着鼻尖，其它四指弯曲 着一起东
挑战；蔑视
非语言交际的重要性英语作文
非语言交际的重要性英语作文Nonverbal communication plays a crucial role in our daily interactions and relationships. It encompasses all the ways we convey meaning without the use of spoken or written words. From body language and facial expressions to tone of voice and personal space, nonverbal cues provide a rich and complex layer of meaning that enhances and often contradicts the verbal messages we exchange. Understanding the importance of nonverbal communication is essential for effective interpersonal skills and meaningful connections.One of the primary functions of nonverbal communication is to convey emotional states and attitudes. Facial expressions, in particular, are a powerful tool for expressing feelings. A warm smile can instantly put someone at ease, while a furrowed brow can signal confusion or displeasure. Similarly, the tone and inflection of our voice can dramatically alter the meaning of our words, conveying sarcasm, sincerity, or frustration. By paying attention to these nonverbal signals, we can gain valuable insights into the internal states of those around us, allowing us to respond moreempathetically and appropriately.Beyond conveying emotions, nonverbal communication also plays a crucial role in regulating social interactions. Body language and personal space can indicate levels of comfort, interest, and power dynamics. For example, a person who leans in and maintains eye contact during a conversation is likely signaling engagement and attentiveness, while someone who crosses their arms and avoids eye contact may be feeling defensive or disinterested. Recognizing and responding to these nonverbal cues can help us navigate social situations more effectively, allowing us to build stronger relationships and avoid misunderstandings.Nonverbal communication is also essential for conveying identity and cultural norms. The way we dress, groom ourselves, and carry ourselves can all communicate important information about our personal style, social status, and cultural background. In many cultures, specific gestures or body movements can hold deep symbolic meaning or carry significant social implications. Understanding and respecting these nonverbal codes is crucial for cross-cultural communication and fostering mutual understanding.Furthermore, nonverbal communication is often more immediate and powerful than verbal communication. While words can be carefully chosen and manipulated, our nonverbal behaviors tend tobe more instinctive and difficult to control. This makes nonverbal cues particularly valuable for assessing the authenticity and sincerity of others. When verbal and nonverbal messages conflict, we are often inclined to trust the nonverbal signals, as they are more likely to reveal a person's true thoughts and feelings.In the context of professional settings, nonverbal communication can also have a significant impact on success and career advancement. Effective body language, such as a firm handshake, upright posture, and confident eye contact, can convey competence, leadership, and trustworthiness – all of which are highly valued in the workplace. Conversely, poor nonverbal habits, such as fidgeting, slouching, or avoiding eye contact, can undermine the credibility and influence of even the most eloquent communicator.It is important to note that the interpretation of nonverbal communication is highly context-dependent and can vary across cultures. What may be considered a friendly gesture in one society could be perceived as rude or inappropriate in another. Consequently, developing a deep understanding and sensitivity to cultural differences in nonverbal communication is essential for effective cross-cultural interactions and global collaboration.In conclusion, the importance of nonverbal communication cannot be overstated. It is a fundamental aspect of human interaction thatshapes our understanding of others, regulates social dynamics, and conveys our identities and cultural backgrounds. By becoming more aware of and responsive to nonverbal cues, we can enhance our interpersonal skills, build stronger relationships, and navigate the complexities of communication with greater ease and effectiveness.。
跨文化交际中的非语言交际,英语其它论文
跨文化交际中的非语言交际,英语其它论文Nonverbal Communication in Intercultural Communication [Abstract] With the rapid development of science and technology, the world is becoming increasingly a global village. Cultural interflows in the world are irreversible trends. Communication can be divided into two categories, namely, verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Besides the language, the nonverbal language such as tone of voice, eye movement, posture, touch, facial expressions and so on are also of vital importance to people’s daily communication.Nonverbal communication can exert influences on people’s communication, reflect the people’s thoughts and complement the verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is universal. It is part of culture and a mirror of culture. Learning to communicate with another people from different culture means learning that culture’s nonverbal signals as well. It becomes imperative that people should not simply try to interpret messages of others with his or her local frames of reference. If people fail to handle this, it will inevitably cause conflicts or misunderstanding when two or more cultures encounter each other.This paper explores the functions of nonverbal communication in cross-cultural communication, significance of nonverbal communication and puts forward some suggestions on how to avoid and deal with the conflicts or misunderstanding when encountering people from different cultures[Key Words] Nonverbal communication; Culture; Cross-cultural communication跨文化交际中的非语言交际【摘要】随着科学技术的迅猛发展，整个世界已逐渐成为一个地球村，世界各国间的交流也成为一个不可逆转的潮流。
《Non-verbal Communication》 讲义
《Non-verbal Communication》讲义《Nonverbal Communication》讲义在我们日常的交流中，语言固然重要，但非言语交流（Nonverbal Communication）同样扮演着不可或缺的角色。
非言语交流指的是通过除语言之外的方式来传达信息和表达情感，比如肢体语言、面部表情、眼神交流、姿势、空间距离、触摸等等。
肢体语言是一种常见且有力的非言语交流方式。
例如，一个自信的人走路时通常会昂首挺胸，步伐坚定；而一个心情低落或缺乏自信的人可能会弯腰驼背，脚步拖沓。
再比如，当我们与他人交流时，手势能够增强我们所表达的意思。
张开双手可能表示欢迎和开放，而紧握拳头则可能暗示愤怒或紧张。
面部表情更是我们内心情绪的直观反映。
微笑往往表示友好、快乐和认同；皱眉则可能表示困惑、不满或担忧。
眼睛是心灵的窗户，眼神交流在交流中至关重要。
持续的眼神接触可以表示专注和真诚，但过度的注视可能会让人感到不舒服，而避免眼神接触可能被认为是不诚实或者缺乏自信。
姿势也能传达很多信息。
一个放松的姿势，如身体向后靠在椅子上，双腿交叉，可能表示舒适和自信。
相反，一个坐立不安、频繁变换姿势的人可能处于紧张或焦虑的状态。
空间距离在交流中也有特定的含义。
在不同的文化中，人们对于个人空间的需求有所不同。
例如，在一些文化中，人们在交流时喜欢保持较近的距离，而在另一些文化中，较近的距离可能会被视为侵犯个人空间。
一般来说，亲密距离适用于亲密关系，如爱人、家人之间；个人距离适用于朋友之间的交流；社交距离适用于工作场合或正式的社交活动；公共距离则适用于演讲等公开场合。
触摸也是一种非言语交流的方式，但需要谨慎使用，因为不同的文化和个人对于触摸的接受程度差异很大。
在某些文化中，拥抱、握手是常见的友好表示；而在另一些文化中，这样的触摸可能被视为不适当。
非言语交流的特点之一是它往往是无意识的。
我们可能在没有意识到的情况下通过肢体语言和面部表情传递出自己的真实感受。
跨文化交际中的非言语交际
Non-verbal Communication in Intercultural CommunicationDuring the process of intercultural communication, people pay more attention to verbal communication and ignore non-verbal communication. However, non-verbal communication plays an important role in intercultural communication. If we ignore the non-verbal communication, communicating with each other will be impeded by the differences of understanding of the non-verbal communication. So, if we communicated with foreigners smoothly and successfully, we must pay more attention to the differences of non-verbal. Therefore, this paper will focus on the non-verbal communication to avoid misunderstanding.1.The study on non-verbal communication1.1 The definition of non-verbal communicationWe do not only communicate our thoughts and feelings through the use of words, we also convey our ideas and experiences through non-verbal channels. Non-verbal communication is commonly used to describe all human events which transcend spoken or written words. That is to say, it refers to all those communication except verbal behavior.1.2The study on non-verbal communication abroadThe scientific study of non-verbal communication primarily started after World War II. One of the most influential pre-twentieth centuryworks was Darwin’s Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals in 1872. This work spawned the modern study of facial expression. In 1950s, there was a significant increase in the number of non-verbal research efforts. In 1956, Ruesch and Kees produced a book entitled Non-verbal Communication: Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. This was the first book to use the term nonverbal communication in its title. The 1960s produced a nuclear explosion of nonverbal studies. There were extensive studies on specific areas of eye behavior, personal space and pauses. The 1970s proved to be a mature period on non-verbal studies. The 1980s were a time of further development of non-verbal communication studies. Some non-verbal researches focused on identifying the ways a variety of non-verbal signals work together to accomplish common communicative goals.1.3The study on non-verbal communication at homeThe research on non-verbal behavior in our country began from 1980s. Scholars such as Hu Wenzhong, Bi Jiewan, Den Yanchang and Liu Runqing have done some research work. There is an increasing amount of research findings in this area. However, it is far from enough. Most of people still pay less attention to non-verbal communication.In summary, seeing the non-verbal communication from domestic and foreign perspectives, many scholars begin to pay more attention to the non-verbal communication.2.The classifications of non-verbal communicationMany scholars have different definitions of the classifications of non-verbal communication. I make a generalization of the classifications of non-verbal communication based on He Daokuan’s opinion and the textbook of dynamic intercultural communication.1) Kinesics, including posture, gestures, facial expressions, eye contact and touching.2) Chronemics, consisting of informal time (pace of walk and life, and punctuality), perceptions of past, present, and future; and monochromic and polyphonic time.3) Proxemics, about attitude toward spatial distance and arrangements, territoriality.4) Paralanguage, comprising non-verbal sounds and silence;5) Object language, made up of general appearance, dress, smell, and personal artifacts.3. The differences of non-verbal behavior between China and AmericaA great deal of non-verbal behavior is rooted in our culture. Non-verbal behaviors are not innate and influenced by the native culture. Chinese culture is different from American culture. Chinese culture isinfluenced by Confucius ideology. American culture is influenced by Christian ideology. Different cultures lead to different non-verbal behaviors. So I will analyze the differences of non-verbal behaviors between china and America.3.1 I will analyze the differences of proxemics between china and America.3.1.1 I will analyze the differences of postures between china and America.Due to different values and norms, different postures appear between china and America. Americans pay more attention to informality; however, Chinese pay more attention to formality and rigid rules. For example, when American students answer the teachers’questions, they don’t need to stand up to answer the teachers’questions. However, Chinese students must stand up to answer the teachers’ questions to show the respect for the teachers.3.1.2 I will analyze the differences of gestures between china and America.Different gestures have different meanings between china and America. For example, in America, people can point to objects and even at people with the index finger, while in china pointing with the index finger is considered rude.3.1.3 Thirdly, I will analyze the differences of facial expressions between china and America. Different facial expressions have different understandings in the different contexts between china and America. For example: when receiving praise, Americans respond “thank you”with smile. However, in china, this behavior may be considered too conceited.3.1.4 Fourthly, I will analyze the differences of eye contact between china and America. Different cultures have the different customs of using eye contact. In America, when children communicate with adults, they use eye contact with each other appropriately to show the character of honesty. However, in china, when children communicate with adults, they always don’t use eye contact straightly in order to show the respect for adults.3.1.5 Fifthly, I will analyze the differences of touch between china and America. The touch behaviors between china and America are great. For example, the behavior of kissing is open in public to express the meaning of welcome in America. However, in china, the behavior of kissing is not accepted in public.3.2 I will analyze the differences of Chronemics between china and America3.2.1 Chronemics is the study of time. The Chinese concept of time is different from the American concept of time. Americans pay moreattention to punctuality. They always say that time is money. We should not waste our time unless we were doing some things. However, Chinese pay less attention to punctuality. We always say that please take it easy. 3.2.2 The differences of monochromic and polychromic between china and America. Monochromic refers to do only one thing at any one time. People in America tend to do only one activity at a time. However, polychromic refers to do more than one activity at a time. People in china tend to do more than one activity at a time. For example, it is not strange to see shop assistants calculate price for one customer, show another customer goods, and greet to their acquaintances simultaneously.3.3 I will analyze the differences of proxemics between china and America.Proxemics includes spatial distance, spatial arrangements, and people’s attitudes towards territoriality.3.3.1 I will analyze the differences of spatial distance between china and America.Generally speaking, American culture that stresses individualism demands more space than Chinese culture that stresses collectivism. Americans try hard to avoid close contact with each other on buses and other public vehicles. However, in china, where any seats are not reserved on bus, three or four people may crowd together.3.3.2 I will analyze the differences of spatial arrangements between chinaand America. In America, the students’seats are arranged in a round circle. They tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated and standing by them. However, in china, the Chinese often experience alienation and uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite sides of a desk or a table from someone; it makes them feel as if they are on trial.3.3.3 I will analyze the differences of territoriality between china and America. In America, they pay more attention to the personal territoriality. They do not touch others’possessions without others’permission. However, in china, we always touch each other’s possessions to show friendliness.3.4 I will analyze the differences of paralanguage between china and America.3.4.1 I will analyze the differences of nonverbal sound between china and America. Due to the different social and living circumstances, Chinese tend to speak in a loud manner to convey the necessary information. However, Americans only make a speech in a loud manner. At the same time, quite a few Chinese words have double vowels which make Chinese language sound louder.3.4.2 I will analyze the differences of silence between china and America. Americans hold a kind of positive attitude towards silence. However, Chinese hold a kind of negative attitude towards silence. For example, inrespond to the question “will you marry me?” silence in America would be interpreted as a kind of uncertainty or refusal. However, in china, silence would be interpreted as acceptance.3.5 I will analyze the differences of object language between china and America.3.5.1 I will analyze the differences of general appearance between china and America. Americans pay more attention to the general appearance on formal and informal occasions respectively. However, Chinese rarely distinguish the general appearance on formal and informal occasions.3.5.2 I will analyze the differences of color between china and America. For example, in china, red means some good things. However, in America, red signals violence.In summary, there are some differences among kinesics, chronemics, proxemics, paralanguage and object language between china and America.。
非言语交际英文作文
非言语交际英文作文The Importance of Nonverbal Communication.Nonverbal communication is an essential aspect of human interaction that often goes unnoticed. It involves the transmission of messages through body language, facial expressions, eye contact, gesture, spatial relations, and other non-linguistic cues. This form of communication is crucial in everyday life, as it complements and sometimes even overrides the spoken word.Body language is one of the most powerful forms of nonverbal communication. It involves the position and movement of the body, as well as the posture and appearance of an individual. For instance, a person standing with arms crossed and a furrowed brow may convey a sense of defensiveness or displeasure. Conversely, a person with an open stance and a smile may appear friendly and approachable. Body language can also indicate levels of comfort, dominance, and submissiveness in a given situation.Facial expressions are another crucial aspect of nonverbal communication. They can convey a wide range of emotions, from happiness and sadness to anger and surprise. The eyes, in particular, are incredibly expressive and can communicate thoughts and feelings without the need for words. Eye contact is also essential in maintaining social interaction, as it establishes a connection between individuals and can convey interest, attention, and trust.Gesture is another form of nonverbal communication that can enhance or clarify spoken language. Hand movements, finger pointing, and other forms of gesticulation can add emphasis and clarity to a conversation. In some cultures, specific gestures may have particular meanings or significance, making it important to be aware of cultural differences in gesture interpretation.Spatial relations, or proxemics, refer to the use of space and distance in communication. The amount of space an individual maintains with others can communicate a variety of messages, including comfort, familiarity, and personalboundaries. For example, in some cultures, maintainingclose personal space may be considered intrusive, while in others, it may be considered a sign of warmth and friendliness.The importance of nonverbal communication lies in its ability to convey messages that are often difficult or impossible to express through words alone. It can add depth and nuance to conversations, helping us to betterunderstand the thoughts, feelings, and intentions of others. Nonverbal cues can also be used to establish trust, build rapport, and create stronger social bonds.In professional settings, nonverbal communication is particularly crucial. It can influence how we are perceived by others, affecting our credibility, likability, andoverall effectiveness. For example, a confident body language and warm facial expressions can convey professionalism and expertise, while nervous fidgeting or avoidance of eye contact may communicate a lack of confidence or sincerity.However, it's important to note that nonverbal communication is not always reliable. It can be influenced by cultural differences, individual personality traits, and even unconscious biases. Therefore, it's essential to approach nonverbal cues with caution and to seek clarification and confirmation through verbal communication whenever possible.In conclusion, nonverbal communication is an essential component of human interaction. It plays a crucial role in everyday life, helping us to convey complex messages, establish social bonds, and understand the thoughts and feelings of others. By paying attention to our own nonverbal cues and being aware of the cues of others, we can improve our communication skills and build stronger, more meaningful relationships.。
《Non-verbal Communication》 讲义
《Non-verbal Communication》讲义《Nonverbal Communication》讲义在我们的日常生活和人际交往中，沟通是至关重要的。
然而，我们常常只关注语言交流，却忽略了另一种同样强大且富有影响力的沟通方式——非语言沟通（Nonverbal Communication）。
非语言沟通涵盖了一系列无需通过言语表达的信息传递方式，包括肢体语言、面部表情、眼神交流、姿势、手势、空间距离、触摸、服装打扮等等。
肢体语言是一种非常直观的非语言沟通形式。
例如，一个人的站立姿势或者走路方式都能传递出他们的自信程度、情绪状态甚至性格特点。
当一个人昂首挺胸、步伐坚定时，往往给人一种自信、果断的印象；而如果一个人弯腰驼背、步履蹒跚，可能会让人觉得他缺乏自信或者心情低落。
还有手部的动作，比如紧张时会不自觉地搓手，兴奋时会用力挥手等。
面部表情更是一种丰富的信息传递渠道。
微笑通常表示友好和快乐；皱眉可能表示困惑、不满或担忧；瞪大的眼睛可能表示惊讶或恐惧。
眼睛作为心灵的窗户，眼神交流在非语言沟通中也起着关键作用。
持续的眼神接触可以表示真诚和专注，但过度的直视可能会被视为具有侵略性；而避免眼神接触可能暗示着不诚实或者缺乏自信。
姿势也能传达出许多信息。
坐得笔直可能表示专注和尊重，而懒散地靠在椅子上可能显得漫不经心。
手势在不同的文化中可能有不同的含义，但一些通用的手势，如竖起大拇指表示赞同或称赞，挥手表示再见等，在跨文化交流中也能被广泛理解。
空间距离在沟通中也有重要意义。
人们在与他人交流时，会不自觉地保持一定的距离。
这种个人空间的概念在不同文化和情境中有所差异。
比如，在商务场合，人们可能会保持相对较大的距离，以显示专业和尊重；而在亲密的朋友或家人之间，距离则会更近，体现出亲近和信任。
触摸也是一种有力的非语言沟通方式。
轻轻的拍拍肩膀可以表示鼓励和支持；握手的力度和方式可以传达出自信或友好的程度。
但需要注意的是，触摸在不同文化中的接受程度和含义可能大不相同，所以在跨文化交流中要谨慎使用。
非语言沟通在求职面试中的作用英语作文
非语言沟通在求职面试中的作用英语作文Nonverbal communication refers to the process of exchanging information and communicating through physical movements, posture, tone of voice, spatial distance, etc. In communication, the content part of the information is often expressed through language, and non-language is used as a framework to provide explanations to express the relevant parts of the information.The importance of nonverbal communication is further highlighted by the interview due to its position in the recruitment process and its own characteristics. First of all, in the recruitment process, the interview is often the first meeting between the employer and the candidate, so it becomes a key link for both parties to determine the first impression. Although the subjectivity of the first impression is criticized, its influence on interview decisions is beyond doubt. Secondly, the interview has the characteristics of short time, face-to-face communication and two-way communication. With limited linguistic information, the more nonverbal information is recognized and interpreted, the more useful it is to succeed in the interview. Face-to-face communication also leaves nonverbal information nowhere to be seen, and the wrong information passed at this time may make success pass by.。
介绍非语言交流的作文英语
介绍非语言交流的作文英语Non-verbal communication is an intricate dance of gestures, expressions, and body language that transcends the barriers of language. It conveys messages without the use of words, making it a universal language.Facial expressions are a powerful form of non-verbal communication, capable of expressing a wide range of emotions from joy to sorrow. A smile can bring warmth to a conversation, while a frown can signal disapproval or concern.Eye contact plays a crucial role in establishing trustand connection. It can indicate interest, respect, or even dominance, depending on the duration and intensity of the gaze.Posture speaks volumes about a person's confidence and attitude. A slouched posture may suggest insecurity or disinterest, while an upright stance can project confidence and assertiveness.Gestures, such as a wave or a thumbs-up, are another form of non-verbal communication that can be understood across cultures, though their meanings can vary. For instance, the "OK" sign in the U.S. might be offensive in other countries.Proxemics, or the study of personal space, is also a significant aspect of non-verbal communication. Invadingsomeone's personal space can make them feel uncomfortable, while respecting it can foster a sense of ease.Touch, when appropriate, can be a powerful form of non-verbal communication, offering comfort, reassurance, or congratulations. However, it's important to be mindful of cultural and personal boundaries when it comes to physical contact.In conclusion, non-verbal communication is a rich and nuanced form of interaction that can greatly enhance our ability to connect with others, provided we are sensitive to its subtleties and variations.。
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Nonverbal Communication in International Business
Good communication is the foundation of successful relationships, both personally and professionally. But we communicate with much more than words. In fact, research shows that the majority of the messages we send are nonverbal. Nonverbal communication, or body language, includes our facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture, and even the tone of our voice.
With the development of the international business,there are more and more conflicts and misunderstandings in the communication. In order to have a good corporation, we should know the differences of nonverbal communication of different cultures in international business.
Communications in international business are considered more often at the verbal level than in terms of body language and the signs and symbols that cultures use to convey messages and attitudes. Yet some claim that more than 90% of the social content of a message is contained in non-verbal cues. Clearly, if this is so, we neglect this aspect of communication at our peril.
Non-verbal communication is also a feature of the way we present information using multiple modalities: the colors and shapes chosen for a logo, the meaning inherent in certain types of gifts, such as flowers, the soundscape we use to reinforce advertising messages. These signs and symbols have culture-specific significance, so in localizing materials for the international marketplace we have to be sure not make cultural errors. The color orange, has overtones in northern Ireland; green is considered unlucky in some cultures; lilies, carnations, chrysanthemums may be inappropriate gifts in certain places.
The sending and receipt of non-verbal messages takes place on a subliminal level and
this makes it a much more difficult aspect of international communications to master. It is very easy, for example, to misinterpret a message because we do not understand its meaning outside our culture. Eye contact in western cultures is associated with openness, engagement, sincerity. But in some cultures it is considered disrespectful. Or we might assume that a behavior from our own culture has the same meaning elsewhere. People from more tactile cultures who use a lot of touch could inadvertently appear inappropriately friendly in more reserved cultures. For example, two person, one is a Chinese woman, the other is a French man, are going to have business corporation. Every time they meet with each other to have a conference, the French man will kiss the Chinese woman on her cheek astically, because it is accustomed to greeting people with at least two kisses on the cheek in France. But the woman feels uncomfortable,because she thinks they are not familiar with each other, and the kisses make her feel embarrassed. Finally,their corporation ended up as a failure.
So how can we deal with the non-verbal aspects of communication? The first stage is simply to become aware of the issue. Remember that we send powerful messages non-verbally but those messages will be interpreted differently in different cultures. Next we have to become aware of our own behavior patterns. How do we feel if a long silence opens up in a conversation? How do we greet colleagues, family and friends? What do we consider appropriate dress for work? Do we sit in a stiff and formal position with our arms crossed? What facial expressions do we use? To become fully aware of our non-verbal behavior we may have to video ourselves in a group interaction. Then we have to become observant of others. Note especially if people have similar traits. Note if there are gender differences. We must try also to notice how others react to us. From there we can go on to imitate the non-verbal behavior of those we are dealing with. This might be by small steps,
such as accepting silences, adjusting our personal space, dressing in a similar way. It seems that our intercultural effectiveness is likely to be enhanced if can at least go some way towards acting like our counterparts.
Reference:
1. FFast, J. (2006). Body Language- The Essential Secrets of Non-verbal Communication. New Y ork,NY: MJF Book.
2.Ekman, P.(2003). Emotions revealed: Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New Y ork: Times Books.。