NCE4 words.txt
NCE_4lesson1
tion of story tellers to another. (ll.2-4)
tools made of stone; legends recorded; remains found.
Write sentences using the following phrases:
B Note the use of tell in this sentence:
1
2 3 4 5
These legends are useful. They can tell us something about migrations of people. These people lived long ago. None could write down what they did. (ll.4-5) The first people who were like ourselves lived long ago. Even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. (ll.8-9) Archaeologists have no history to help them to find out where the first ‘modern men’ came from. Archaeologists have no legends to help them to find out where the first modern men came from. (ll.9-10) Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint. This is easier to shape than other kinds. (ll.11-12) They may also have used wood and skins. These have rotted away. (l.12)
内部交流
内部交流文科科研简报2006年第2 期总第19期社会科学处编2006年6月10日本期要目科研管理在线教育部日前发出《关于树立社会主义荣辱观进一步加强学术道德建设的意见》2006年中山大学科研工作会议召开2005—2006年度广东省高等教育学会社会科学研究管理专业委员会年会召开基地建设我校两个广东省人文社科重点研究基地在2005年度评估中获得优秀中国非物质文化遗产研究中心编撰的《广东民俗大典》出版中国非物质文化遗产研究中心参与主办的“双三角论坛”学术在上海隆重召开行政管理研究中心参与主办的“国家治理与公共预算”国际研讨会在我校隆重举行项目园地我校2006年国家社科基金立项情况黄天骥教授获得全国高校古籍整理重点项目立项国家社科基金重大招标项目“城市化进程中的农民工问题”课题论证会召开教育部重大攻关项目“信息技术与大都市政府管理体制创新研究”开题学术会议第三届「心灵环保与人文关怀」学术研讨会简讯人类学系召开“田野中的宗教”国际学术研讨会中国体育产业与体育管理发展战略国际论坛暨中山大学与美国春田学院体育交流十周年庆典活动举行“中山大学教育学院池田大作思想与亚洲教育研究中心”成立揭幕典礼暨“池田大作思想与亚洲教育”学术研讨会举行学术讲坛中外优秀文化讲座“文化：差异与沟通”大型系列专题讲座陈春声教授：与古人对话：历史研究如何跨越时代差异周大鸣教授：族群差异与跨族群交流黎红雷教授：儒家和谐哲学及其在当代中国的运用李萍教授：中西伦理文化的比较著名市场营销学专家Paul Chao为管理学院师生做学术讲座著名经济学家张曙光教授莅临管理学院作“案例写作的理论与方法”学术讲座管理学院第八届管理文化节开幕式暨“步入管理咨询”主题讲座举行我校第一届心理宣传月开幕式暨社会心理学讲座举办岭南大讲堂之博雅教育系列讲座在珠海校区开讲为师与为学——管理学院在东校区举办会计知识前沿系列讲座交流与合作香港中文大学工商管理学院访问岭南学院韩国社会科学院金俊烨理事长访问我校宋俊华副教授考察日本非物质文化遗产综合信息夏书章教授荣获2006年度“国际公共管理杰出贡献奖”管理学院欧阳洁教授新著成为GMC全球赛区培训教程我校学科建设再创佳绩服务社会“城市化进程中的农民工问题”课题组向政府有关部门提交调查报告新加坡举办泛珠三角区域合作研讨会李江帆教授作主题演讲保继刚教授主持的《新疆喀纳斯旅游区总体规划》顺利通过专家评审“前沿大讲坛”获2005年度广东理论宣传奖“前沿大讲坛”继续关注社会热点：刘林平教授：外来工及其高流动性值得各方关注于海涌副教授：物权法与我们每个人的生活息息相关孙立平教授：调整利益关系与转变发展模式马骏教授：中国公共预算改革的政治MPAcc财智论坛第三讲举行社会反映热烈我校发布《2006年泛珠三角区域合作与发展研究报告》“广东百村调查”项目正式启动教育部日前发出《关于树立社会主义荣辱观进一步加强学术道德建设的意见》二○○六年五月，教育部发出了《关于树立社会主义荣辱观进一步加强学术道德建设的意见》。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 3)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.You might think,then,that after all this time I'd have some grasp of the situation, that I'd actually know things—that I'd have some positive sense of assurance,of certainty,about knowledge and about life.于是，你或许会认为，经过这么长一段时间，我应该了解一些情况，确实知道一些东西，对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。
句子的主干为:You might think that…,that…,that…；think后接三个that引导的宾话从句；在三个宾语从句中，谓语均为I’d，是I would的缩略形式，与主句中的you might think均表示主观推测。
破折号后第三个that语从句是对第二个宾语从句的解释说明。
grasp在句中为名词，意为“理解；掌握”，相关搭配有：①in one’s grasp掌握；控制。
例：The people in your grasp are not guests,they are hostages.你所控制的这些人不是客人，而是人质。
②a grasp of理解；掌握。
例：They have a good grasp of foreign languages.他们外语掌握得很好。
③within one’s grasp为…所能实现；为…所能及。
例：Peace is now within our grasp.现在和平在望。
assurance与certainty均有“确定”之意，区别：assurance侧重依靠个人力量、本能、方法或对其他人或事的完全信任，强调有信心。
certainty指在客观上和主观上都无一丝一毫的怀疑。
英语词汇学教程第四版中文版
英语词汇学教程第四版中文版1、Most cities in the country have introduced “Clean Air Zones”whereby factories and households are only allowed to burn smokeless fuel.在全国大部分城市都有“洁净空气区”因此工厂和家庭只能燃烧无烟燃料。
2、He knows that the pursuit of social status can consume vast amounts of his time and effort. 他知道，追求社会地位可以消耗大量的时间和精力。
3、The doctors are at a loss because so far no medicine has been found to inhibit the spread of the disease.医生们正在进行损失，因为到目前为止，没有任何药物能抑制疾病的传播。
4、We see many special education directors trying to maintain the qualityof their programs with much less money and much smaller staff.我们看到许多特殊教育董事试图保持他们的节目的质量以少得多的钱和更少的工作人员。
5、People there are told it is their patriotic duty to support the na t ional cconomy by buying their own products. 人们有人告诉他们，通过购买自己的产品来支持国民经济是他们的爱国义务。
6、Darwin' s thinking both drew upon and transcendedthe conventional ideas of his time.达尔文的思想是借鉴和超越他的时代的传统观念。
exercise26.txt
start_point = start_point / 10
print "We can also do that this way:"
print "We'd have %d beans, %d jars, and %d crabapples." % secret_formula(start_pont
def break_words(stuff):
"""This function will break up words for us."""
words = stuff.split(' ')
return words
def sort_words(words):
"""Sorts the words."""
poem = """
\tThe lovely world
with logic so firmly planted
cannot discern \n the needs of love
nor comprehend passion from intuition
and requires an explantion
words = sort_sentence(sentence)
print_first_word(words)
print_last_word(words)
print "Let's practice everything."
print 'You\'d need to know \'bout escapes with \\ that do \n newlines and \t tabs.&la(started):
SAMPLE TEXT(TEM4)
TEM4 SAMPLE TEST（部分）TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A), B), C) and D), and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have thirty seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation One.1. A. The return trip is too expensive.B. There is no technology to get people back.C. People don’t want to return.D. The return trip is too risky.2. A. Intelligence.B.Health.C.Skills.D.Calmness.3. A. The kind of people suitable for the trip.B.Interests and hobbies of the speakers.C.Recruitment of people for the trip.D.Preparation for the trip to Mars.……Conversation Two6. A. Going to the high street.B.Visiting everyday shops.C.Buying things like electrical goods.D.Visiting shops and buying online.7. A. 3%B.33%C.42%D.24%8. A. They want to know more about pricing.B. They can return the product later.C.They want to see the real thing first.D.They can bargain for a lower shop price. ……PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on the shelf, _______?A. don't youB. do youC. will youD. won't you12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Only one out of six were present at the meeting.B. Ten dollars was stolen from the cash register.C. Either my sister or my brother is coming.D. Five miles seem like a long walk to me.13. It is not so much the language _______ the cultural background that makes the film difficultto understand.A. butB. norC. likeD. as14. There is no doubt _______ the committee has made the right decision on the housing project.A. whyB. thatC. whetherD. when15. If you explained the situation to your lawyer, he _______ able to advise you much betterthan I can.A. will beB. wasC. would beD. were16. Which of the following is a stative verb (静态动词) ?A. Drink.B. Close.C. Rain.D. Belong.17. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a subject-verb relation?A. The man has a large family to support.B. She had no wish to quarrel with her brother.C. He was the last guest to leave.D. Mary needs a friend to talk to.18. Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. Another two girls.B. Few words.C. This work.D. A bit of flowers.19. When one has good health, _______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. sheC. heD. we20. There _______ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.A. to beB. to have beenC. beD. being21. Bottles from this region sell _______ at about $50 a case.A. entirelyB. totallyC. wholesaleD. together22. The product contains no _______ colours, flavours, or preservatives.A. fakeB. artificialC. falseD. wrong23. _______ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fairin the city.A. CivilB. CivilizedC. CivilianD. Civic24. The city council is planning a huge road-building programme to ease congestion. Theunderlined part means _______.A. calmB. relieveC. comfortD. still25. His unfortunate appearance was offset by an attractive personality. The underlined partmeans all the following EXCEPT _______.A. improvedB. made up forC. balancedD. compensated for26. The doctor said that the gash in his cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part means_______.A. lumpB. depressionC. swellingD. cut27. During the economic crisis, they had to cut back production and _______ workers.A. lay offB. lay intoC. lay downD. lay aside28. To mark its one hundredth anniversary, the university held a series of activities includingconferences, film shows, etc. The underlined part means _______.A. signifyB. celebrateC. symbolizeD. suggest29. His fertile mind keeps turning out new ideas. The underlined part means _______.A. abundantB. unbelievableC. productiveD. generative30. These issues were discussed at length during the meeting. The underlined part means_______.A. eventuallyB. subsequentlyC. lastlyD. fullyPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]D ecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays that we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set. At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and (31) _______ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the character of every modern city. In the home, many (32) _______ devices are powered by electricity. E ven when we turn off the bedside lamp and are (33) asleep, electricity is working for us,d riving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely (34) _______ to consider why or how they run –until something goes wrong.In the summer of 1959, something did go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a (35) _______. Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, powerless to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that even if you were lucky enough not to be (36) _______ between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down (37) _______ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fif th Avenue in an instant became as gloomy and uninviting (38) _______ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to (39) _______ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and (40) _______ as anybody else.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO..PASSAGE ONEInundated by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we’re increasingly handing off the job of remembering to search engines and smart phones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory –and expecting that information will be continually and instantaneously available – is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments showed that when we don’t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find information again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.But this handoff comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can’t be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in the original hard drive, our long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, “factual knowledge must precede skill,” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia – meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren’t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate new information they encounter. You can’t Google context.Last, there’s the possibility, increasingly terrifying to contemplate, that our machines will fail us. As Sparrow puts it, “The experience of losing our Internet connection becomes more and more like losing a friend.” If you’re going to keep your memory on your smart phone, better make sure it’s fully charged.41.Google’s eyeglasses are supposed to ______.A.improve our memoryB.function like memoryC.help us see faces betterD.work like smart phones42.Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is CORRECT?A.We remember people and things as much as before.B.We remember more Internet connections than before.C.We pay equal attention to location and content of information.D.We tend to remember location rather than the core of facts.43.What is the implied message of the author?A.Web connections aid our memory.B.People differ in what to remember.C.People keep memory on smart phones.D.People need to exercise their memory.PASSAGE TWOI was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a nearby hospital. My university’s philosophy was to get students seeing patients early in their education. Nice idea, but it overlooked one detail: second-year students know next to nothing about medicine.Assigned to my team that day was an attending – a senior faculty member who was there mostly to make patients feel they weren’t in the hands of amateurs. Many attendings were researchers who didn’t have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition, there were two interns (住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs.I began the day at 6:30am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five – piece of cake.But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘气). He’d just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature wassteady. It didn’t seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on.“It’s really hot in here, Doc,” he replied.So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye.At 8:40 am., during our team meeting, “Code Blue Room 307!”blared from the loudspeaker.I froze.That was Mr. Adams’s room.When we arrived, he was motionless.The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity in half. His symptoms had been textbook: heavy perspiration and shortness of breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn’t read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help.This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what’s particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naïve as I, and how many more will?44.We learn that the author’s team members had ______.A.much practical experienceB.adequate knowledgeC.long been working thereD.some professional deficiency45.“His symptoms had been textbook” means that his symptoms were ______.A.part of the textbookB.no longer in the textbookC.recently included in the textbookD.explained in the textbook46.At the end of the passage, the author expresses ______ about the medical education system.A.optimismB.hesitationC.concernD.supportPASSAGE THREEThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation’s greatest public health success stories – but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states –Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama, to name just a few – seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation’s attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you’ve won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack – three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke –far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York’s. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking – far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.47.According to the context, “Their failure” refers to ______.A.those adults who continue to smokeB.those states that missed the messageC.findings of the reportD.hazards of smoking48.What is the passage mainly about?A.How to stage anti-smoking campaigns.B.The effects of the report on smoking and health.C.Tax as the surest path to cut smoking.D.The efforts to cut down on teenage smoking.PASSAGE FOURAttachment Parenting is not Indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves.Attachment parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover. I supervise. I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do the things that my child wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, notadversaries. And that children are taught, not trained.49.According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.50.What does “free-range” mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.According to the passage, what does “cognitive habits” refers to?PASSAGE TWO52.Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital?PASSAGE THREE53.What does “counting” mean in the context?54.What does the author think of raising tax on cigarettes?PASSAGE FOUR55.What does the passage mainly discuss?- 11 -PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Should we revive traditional Chinese characters or continue using simplified characters? This has been an intensely discussed question for years. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and writer your response in no less than 200 words, in which you should:1.summarize the opinions from both sides, and then2.give your view on the issue.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.THE END- 12 -。
nce4.6.1
death
iskiest things you do?
The Shenzhen happy valley paradise
merry go round Ferris wheel Roller coaster
冒着做某事的危险 At the risk of …
risk [transitive] When children start smoking, they don't realize that they're risking their health. risk something to do something He's prepared to risk everything to avoid this war. risk something on something You'd be crazy to risk your money on an investment like that! He risked his life helping others to escape. risk doing something They may even risk losing their homes. risk defeat/death etc He would prefer not to risk another embarrassing defeat.
Task 2
Risks in Entertaining Activities
List as many as possible the activities you think are exciting and risky as well. Choose the most risky one and tell why you think so. Do you prefer more traditional one or more thrilling one?
新概念英语句型NCE4
句型:P195.13This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that ...P91.6题To the extent that any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits…In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm.P87.7Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned.============================================== Yet,Still,But,So,Ever,OnceP138.3(JOM?? 不用说the gleams are blind and dazzle..)And though the gleams blind and dazzle,yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imaged.P138.16...,in a word,beauty means something,yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning.P268.14Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook,...,is essential. P149.7"She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck"P257.18(JOM?? it was a rather difficult question; it was rather a difficult question都是对的。
高教版大学英语泛读教程4(第三版)电子教案Unit 2
A Do You Get It?
Multiple Matching
Scan each of the five paragraphs (a-e) again. Below are a series of newspaper headlines that refer to ideas or information contained in each paragraph. Match the headline to the paragraph.
Before You Start
• Do citizens have to carry identification in your country? If yes, why? If no, what will happen?
• Is identity theft or the misuse of personal data a concern? Have you ever experienced or heard any stories related to it? What are they?
__e___ 1. Victory for the people as government ends Big Brother laws __c___ 2. NIR data to include eye scans __a___ 3. Author’s vision of the future was accurate __d___ 4. Prime Minister says measures will prevent terror __d___ 5. Critics say ID cards just more paperwork __a___ 6. Figures show most cameras do not belong to government __e___ 7. Victory for database opponents __b___ 8. ID bill passed
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 7)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.Stripping Down to Bare Happiness.返朴归真。
strip down to sth.拆除；剥去(只剩下…)。
例：He stripped down to his shorts and leaped into the stream.他把衣服脱得只剩下一条短裤，然后跳入河中。
其他与strip相关短语：①strip off揭开（伪装）；脱掉（衣服）。
例：If you can strip off that false manner she has,you will quite like her.你要是能揭开她那装模作样的假象，你会很喜欢她的。
He stripped off his wet clothes and stepped into the shower.他脱掉湿衣服走进浴室。
②tear a strip off sb.怒斥；痛骂；把…骂得狗血淋头。
例：He paused a moment,then continued to tear a strip off his daughter.他停了一会，然后接着训斥女儿。
bare意为“最基本的；裸露的”，相关搭配：①bare one’s heart/soul讲心里话，敞开心扉。
例：I must bare my heart to someone,or I shall go mad.我必须找个人说说心里话，不然，我会发疯的。
②lay bare揭露；使公开；使暴露。
例：This pierced me like a sword,and seemed to lay bare my private disloyalty.这句话象一把利剑刺透了我，似乎把我私下的不忠不义揭露了出来。
bare与naked均有“裸露的”之意，区别：bare形容物时，指没有遮盖或装饰；形容人时，指身体某一部位裸露。
naked形容人时，指完全不穿衣服，一丝不挂；还可指“无掩饰的、坦白的、赤裸裸的”。
4000 Essential English Words 1_Answer Key
Exercise 1Part A1. c2. c3. a4. b5. aPart B1. c2. b3. b4. a5. dExercise 21. a2. b3. a4. b5. a6. b7. b8. a9. a10. bReading Comprehension1. a2. c3. b4. c5. The lion saw his own face in the water. Exercise 1Part A1. a, b2. a, d3. b, d4. c, d5. a, dPart B1. create2. adventure3. approach4. secret5. projectExercise 21. a2. b3. b4. b5. a6. a7. b8. a9. b10. aReading Comprehension1. c2. d3. d4. a5. Mia and Liz went into the laboratory when Mia’s father left the laboratory to eat dinner.Exercise 11. c2. a3. d4. b5. c6. d7. b8. d9. a10. cExercise 21. a2. c3. b4. d5. bExercise 31. ever / describe2. chart / aliens3. planet / universe4. solve / fail5. several / viewReading Comprehension1. b2. d3. d4. c5. He viewed Mars on the trip. Exercise 1Part A1. spread2. content3. shake4. expected5. avoidedPart B1. a2. a3. b4. b5. bExercise 21. a2. b3. a4. a5. b6. a7. b8. b9. a10. aReading Comprehension1. a2. c3. b4. d5. They said the bell made people avoid him.Exercise 11. d2. c3. d4. b5. c6. d7. c8. d9. b10. aExercise 2Part A1. d2. c3. d4. a5. bPart B1. normal2. wild3. hurt4. relax5. fieldReading Comprehension1. d2. a3. d4. c5. She requested, “Will you carry me home?”Exercise 1.Part A1. return2. wise3. pet4. weather5. facePart B1.ghost, fright2. dead, upset3. reached, advantage4. escape, distance5. individual, communityExercise 2.1. a2. b3. a4. b5. a6. a7. b8. a9. a10. aReading Comprehension1. a2. c3. d4. a5. She lived on the north side of a large river.Exercise 1Part A1. c2. a3. a4. b5. bPart B1. allowed2. harm3. famous4. claim5. dividedExercise 21. a2. b3. b4. b5. a6. a7. a8. b9. b10. bReading Comprehension1. b2. a3. a4. d5. He would have to announce who would become king. Exercise 1.1. familiar2. necessary3. theory4. purpose5. encourage6. accept7. balance8. pattern9. contrast10. singleExercise 2.Part A1. c2. a3. d4. a5. bPart B1. b2. a3. a4. b5. aReading Comprehension1. b2. c3. c4. d5. She arranged her hair and wore a dress with a beautiful pattern.Exercise 11. c2. c3. a4. d5. b6. a7. b8. c9. b10. aExercise 21. b2. c3. b4. d5. cExercise 31. beach / wave2. island / ocean3. fix / damage4. rock / still5. throw / stepReading Comprehension1. a2. b3. c4. d5. Some starfish went back into the water, and they were safe. Exercise 1.1. essential2. benefit3. trouble4. certain5. function6. site7. image8. separate9. remain10. tailExercise 2.Part A1. effect, benefit2. immediate, primary3. proud, rested4. far, separate5. guard, remainPart B1. a2. b3. a4. a5. aReading Comprehension1. c2. a3. c4. b5. He only rested a few eyes at a time. The others stayed awake.Exercise 1.1. b2. c3. d4. c5. dExercise 2.1. ground2. spend time3. sail4. wake5. forestExercise 3.1. prepare2. serious3. strange4. conversation5. collect6. introduce7. decision8. truth9. compete10. asleepReading Comprehension1. c2. a3. c4. b5. She dreamed about a man with brown hair and brown eyes. It was the man she would wed. Exercise 1.Part A1. c2. b3. a4. c5. cPart B1. neighbor2. magazine3. professional4. compared5. attitudeExercise 2.1. b2. a3. b4. a5. a6. b7. a8. a9. b10. bReading Comprehension1. a2. c3. b4. b5. His friends felt excited about seeing his painting.Exercise 1:1. b2. a3. d4. d5. aExercise 2:1. spot2. feed3. cell4. whole5. correctExercise 3:1. b2. a3. a4. b5. a.Exercise 4:1. cell / structure2. lord / owe3. position / spot4. whole / hole5. feed / cropReading Comprehension:1. d2. b3. c4. d5. At the end of the week the lord will increase how much money they have to pay. Exercise 1.Part A.1. exam2. magical3. technology4. outline5. descriptionsPart B.1. a2. b3. a4. a5. bExercise 2.1. a2. b3. b4. a5. a6. b7. a8. a9. b10. aReading Comprehension.1. d2. b3. c4. a5. Her parents made her join the basketball team.Exercise 11. b2. c3. a4. b5. d6. a7. b8. c9. d10. aExercise 2Part A1. across2. respond3. race4. observed5. riskPart B1. a2. a3. b4. a5. bReading Comprehension1. a2. d3. c4. b5. The rabbit saw the turtle almost at the finish line. Exercise 1:1. c2. a3. b4. d5. c6. a7. b8. a9. a10. cExercise 2:1. a / d2. b / d3. b / c4. a / b5. a / dExercise 3:1. academy2. process3. maybe4. theater5. flatReading Comprehension1. c2. b3. a4. b5. Jeff was going to a concert.Exercise 1Part A1. d2. a3. d4. b5. dPart B1. fair2. waste3. disappear4. whether5. determineExercise 2Part A1. hill2. solution3. response4. puddles5. appreciatePart B1. a2. a3. b4. a5. aReading Comprehension1. c2. b3. b4. c5. “It doesn’t matter whether you want to fill it or not. You already did.”Exercise 11. b2. c3. b4. c5. c6. d7. a8. d9. c10. dExercise 2Part A1. recommend2. argue3. products4. communicate5. offerPart B1. treated2. fresh3. select4. dish5. gatheredReading Comprehension1. b2. a3. d4. b5. “I recommend doing some work,” said the little r ed chicken. “Use a tool to plant your own wheat.Exercise 1.Part A.1. a2. c3. b4. d5. bPart B.1. wood2. policy3. staff4. toward5. speechExercise 2.Part A.1. speech2. bother3. wood4. staff5. alivePart B.1. speech2. policy3. staff4. bones5. mentioned6. doubt7. injustice8. conclusion9. however10. botheredReading Comprehension1. b2. c3. a4. c5. The weather became very bad. Exercise 11. b2. d3. a4. b5. cExercise 21. meat2. destroy3. serve4. regard5. warExercise 31. b2. a3. a4. b5. b6. a7. a8. a9. b10. bReading Comprehension1. b2. c3. a4. b5. He turned away and went home.Unit 21Exercise 1.1. locate2. clerk3. hero4. pain5. hurriedExercise 2.1. a2. a3. b4. a5. bExercise 3.1. a2. b3. b4. a5. b6. a7. a8. a9. a10. bReading Comprehension1. b2. a3. c4. b5. Katy played games, read books, and got flowers for patients. Unit 22Exercise 1Part A1. a2. d3. c4. a5. cPart B1. b2. b3. b4. a5. bExercise 21. a2. a3. a4. b5. a6. a7. b8. a9. a10. aReading Comprehension1. d2. a3. b4. b5. “If anything strange occurs, call us. If you help us catch the thief, you’ll earn a reward.”Unit 23Exercise 1:1. matches2. remove3. average4. sounded5. advance6. member7. athlete8. course9. passenger10. personalityExercise 2:1. b2. a3. a4. b5. bExercise 3:1. d2. a3. b4. a5. dReading Comprehension1. b2. c3. a4. d5. It was a course on water safety. They learned how to be safe passengers on a boat. Unit 24Exercise 1Part A1.d2.a3.d4.c5.cPart B1. strike2. exercise3. perform4. passage5. pressureExercise 21. a2. a3. b4. a5. a6. b7. b8. a9. a10.aReading Comprehension1. c2. b3. b4. a5. He looked at Tim and said, “I thought I was smart, but I learned a new term today: friendship.”Unit 25Exercise 1Part A1. d2. c3. a4. c5. bPart B1. produce2. range3. populate4. sign5. periodExercise 21. b2. a3. a4. b5. b6. a7. b8. b9. b10. aReading Comprehension1. d2. a3. a4. c5. The video’s features made Joe associate trash with hurting people and their environment. Unit 26Exercise 1Part A1. a2. a3. b4. c5. cPart B1. react2. society3. neither4. final5. proveExercise 2Part A1. advice, suggest2. attention, situated3. standard, dropped4. attracted, reacted5. further, alongPart B1. a2. a3. a4. a5. bReading Comprehension1. c2. a3. b4. c5. They laughed at Tom and Archie. They started to throw stones.Exercise 1:1. b2. a3. b4. d5. d6. b7. a8. a9. d10. dExercise 2:1. a2. a3. b4. a5. aExercise 3:1. gift / value2. coast / desert3. hunger / bite4. tour / journey5. quite / examineReading Comprehension1. b2. b3. c4. a5. He asks the bug a question first. Exercise 1:1. professor2. barely3. predict4. garbage5. list6. boring7. band8. schedule9. message10. rushExercise 2:1. b, c2. a, c3. c, d4. a, c5. a, dExercise 3:1. a2. b3. b4. a5. aReading Comprehension1. a2. c3. a4. b5. To tell him that they would be late.Exercise 1.1. b2. d3. a4. a5. d6. c7. b8. c9. d10. bExercise 2.Part A.1. advertise2. major3. competition4. skills5. votePart B.1. a2. b3. b4. a5. bReading Comprehension1. a2. d3. c4. c5. The sun was inside the bag! Exercise 11. c2. b3. c4. b5. d6. b7. a8. d9. b10. bExercise 21. b2. a3. a4. a5. b6. b7. a8. a9. a10. bReading Comprehension1. d2. a3. c4. a5. Later, the man returned to trick more people. Beth saw him, and the memory of the cat came back.。
NCE4 Lesson 4新概念文本
Lesson 4 单词讲解1. solidThe lake was frozen solid.solid gold/silver etc.a solid rubber ballA sphere is a solid figure.2. opaque:opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick [≠ transparent]a shower with an opaque glass doorsomething you cannot see through:opaque / frosted ( frosted glass 毛玻璃）Lesson 4 课文讲解1. Several cases have been reported in Russia recently ofpeople who can read and detect colors with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls.of people who can…walls作定语修饰cases，这部分较长，所以被移到谓语部分后，这样句子就不会头重脚轻。
句中的of意为“关于”。
分隔句While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.2. One case concerns an eleven-year-old schoolgirl, VeraPetrova, who has normal vision but who can alsoperceive things with different parts of her skin, andthrough solid walls.and through solid walls与with different parts of her skin并列作状语，修饰perceive例: I perceived that I could not make her change her mind. 我发觉我不能使她改变她的主意。
nce4笔记
Lesson 1 Finding fossil manNew words and expressionsrecount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述/ ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后叙述：recount : emotionless 重复describedepict：a little emotionalnarrate：temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。
portray：描述saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇unreal e.g robin hoodanthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家anthrop：人philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人）anthropology :人类学带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学geography 地理学ecology 生态学remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先an- 在前面forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉leave me rot.＝leave me alongrot to death.soon ripe,soon rotten.decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡decompose 逐渐衰竭deteriorate关系逐渐恶化trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹trace the problemI follow your trace＝i follow where you gopolynesia波利尼西亚poly-多polyandric: a wife with more than one husbandpolygeny : a husband with more than one wifeflint /flint/ n.燧石flinting heartedfossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石cobble 鹅卵石Notes on the text 课文注释read of 读到谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear ofnear east：近东mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east非限定性从句，表原因oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language.precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词counterpar t: two things or two people have the same positionoral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart.preserve: 保留，保存（腌制）如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth.storyteller: 讲故事的人fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生migration：移民１）migrant ２）immigrantv. migrate:迁移，迁徙migratory bird:候鸟none: no bodypeople＋s民族if they had any: 即便是有his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized.find out千方百计，费尽周折＝exploremodern men :the men who were like ourselveshowever－anywhere you want ,加逗号but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentencetherefore－自由so－自由tool:小工具instrument:实验器械equipmen t:设备shape:成型；教育，改造may also have:表推测peel:果皮leather:皮革hide:兽皮cowhide:牛皮without (any) trace:无影无踪Lesson 2 Spare that spiderNew words and expressionsflocks and herds牛群和羊群／flCk/ the birds of the same feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分you are the same flock.也可指人herd多指牛群cowherd cowboy throng and crowd swarmowe /[U/ vt.感激欠i owe you. i owe you a big favor. 欠issue oblige indebt appreciate----常用口语词正式：grateful thankfulbeast /bi: st/ n 兽形容人野蛮无比，不能用animal 形容creature可以指小孩，女人，不用于男性．fraction / ＇frAkF[n/ n.小部分分数，小数 a fraction of rice will sufficeon one＇s behalf 代表．．．利益I beat you on your behalf.我打你是为你好on behalf of somebody /somethinge.g on behalf of chinese government on behalf of ＝representauthority /C:＇WCriti/ n.权威authorize批准authoritative权威性的authoritarian独裁的－tarian带有这种词缀的词都是坏词dictator独裁者dictatorial独裁的authorities １．权威（可单数可复数）２．当局（复数）census /sens[s/ n.统计数据the fifth national population census. censor审查censorious 挑剔的，挑刺的acre /＇eik[/ n.英亩１acre＝４０４７square metersfootball pitch 足球场football yard football court football fieldbe content with 满足于满足作表语，不能出现定语结构He is content with status quo. contented heart :心满意足的人spare /spZ[/ v. 不伤害，宽恕spare me He doesn‟t spare himself.I spare no efforts to learn english.( spare no efforts: 不遗余力作什么)Notes on the text 课文注释why, you may wonder－you may wonder why插入语先不管插入语，弄清句子结构you may wonder why spiders should be our friends？插入语位置不固定why以疑问句开头why,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings.why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.destroy程度比damage要重得多，片甲不留，消灭光tear into piecesgreatest enemies:天敌dying enemy crying enemy dear enemyhuman race:人的种族，一般不加复数，表示一个总称词impossible 和possible 永远不要以人开头It is impossible for somebody to do something.likely可以以人做主语。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(全文翻译 Unit 4)【圣才出品】
三、全文翻译Text A工作、劳动和玩耍威斯坦·H·奥登1就我所知，汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。
一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。
如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。
在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。
然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。
如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。
2与劳动相对的是玩耍。
玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。
但这完全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。
3处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。
如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是一个工作者。
从社会角度看是必需的劳动在他自己看来却是自愿的玩耍。
一个职位是劳动还是工作，并不取决于这个职位本身，而是取决于占据这个职位的个人自己的情趣。
这种差异与体力劳动和脑力劳动之间的差异并不吻合。
譬如，一个园丁或者鞋匠也许就是一个工作者，而一个银行职员则可能是一个劳动者。
一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对闲暇的态度上看出来。
对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时，所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。
工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。
而对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制，所以，他自然会想象：他不得不花费在劳动上的时间越少，而自由自在地玩耍的时间越多，那才越好。
4在一个现代化的技术社会里，总人口中有多大比例的人能够像我一样有幸成为工作者呢？我估计大概有16％，而且，我认为这个数字将来也不会增加。
5技术和劳动的分工成就了两件事：通过在许多领域取消了特别才能和技术的需要，把过去本来令人愉快的大量受雇职业的工作变成了令人厌倦的劳动；通过提高生产力，缩短了劳动所需的时间。
4000-Essential-English-Words4--默写纸
4000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 1-Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. he or she is responsible for the effects of hisor her actionsadj. it is hard to stop doingn a plan or goal that guides someone’s behavio r v. to create a new word or phrasev. to have a close connection to somethingn a medical condition that makes a person veryunhappyadj. it is characterized by computer technologyn. the quality or state of being important, valuable, or significantn. buttons marked with letters and numbers that are pressed to put information into a computern. the unhappiness that is felt by someone if they do not have any friendsn. the different ways of entertaining and giving information to the publicn. something that allows someone to tell a large number of people about an idea, product, etc.adj. it is not as good as it could or should ben. when someone or something is present in aparticular placev.to cause or force someone or something to experience something harmful or unpleasantn. a sudden, large increase in something n. a set of questionsv. to aim an attack at someone or something错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 1-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格4000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 2-Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a chemical elementn. a gas made from one carbon atom and two oxygen atomsn. dry particles of earth or sand.v. to send out gas, heat, light, sound, etc. v. to make it possible for something to happen.v. to break something into small pieces or powderv. to become healthy or well againv. to make something a part of another larger thingadj. it is the most advanced or bestadv. used to introduce information that adds to or s upports what has previously been said.v. to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of somethingn. a substance that makes the air or water not safe for usen. a dry substance in the form of very small grainsv. to cause someone to do somethingv. to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with somethingn. a person who disagrees with particular claims that are generally thought to be truen. a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas adv. it changes a lot错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 2-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格44000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 3 –Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to support a political group, country, or person that you agree withn. someone who has the powern. a large farm buildingv. to be disloyal to someone who trusts youn. the book of sacred writing in the Christian religionadj. person is one that is connected with the RomanCatholic Churchv. to work with someone to achieve something thatyou both wantv. to prevent someone from leaving a place n. a way to get out of a placeadj. outstandingv. to leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape from dangern. a group of people or organizations that are in some way connected to each otherv. to make someone feel very angryn. the area for which a priest in some Christian churches is responsiblen. a narrow space that people can move through n. a minister in charge of a parish or church.n. a group of people or vehicles that go through an area to make sure that it is free of trouble or dangerv. to attack a place in a short time错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 3-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格64000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 4-Day1Word Part Definition adj. feel relaxedn.the process of teaching and learning, usually at a school, college, or universityn. something that makes someone more determined, hopeful, orconfidentv. to express formal supportadj. the same in size, number, amount, or valueas something elsev. to deal with something in a direct way n. a subject that people studyv. to help a skill, feeling, or idea develop overa period of timen.help and advice that is given to someone about their work, education, or personal lifev. to have a particular degreen. the act of including someone or something in a larger group or setv. to encourage someoneadj. how small or unimportant something or someone is n. a rank or rolen. the ability to influence peoplen. a task or dutyv. to increase quickly to a high leveln. a piece of equipment or a skill that is usefulfor doing your job错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 4-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格84000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 5-Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. it relates to schools and educationn. when people agree that an idea, statement, explanation, etc.n. a large group or number of things v. to make something unclearn. a small restaurant where you can buydrinks and simple mealsn. a thick piece of clothn. a building in which films are shownn. the way people in society are divided into different social and economic groups.adj. special quality, character, or appearance that is different and easy to recognizeadj. it is extremely important.n. a series of organized activitiesn. something that is done often or regularly adj. it is shown as it is in real lifen. an image that is seen in a mirror or othershiny surface.n.an official instruction that says how things must be done or what is allowed.n. a single movement of a penn. the natural light that comes from the sun. adj. it is based on old-fashioned ideas错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 5-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格104000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 6-Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a formal or religious songprep. used to say that one thing is more than anothern. what you have when you try to do something even when it is difficultn. physical conflict between people or groups in awar, in the street, etc.adj. it is done by or involves two or more people orgroupsn. when you return to the ground or another surface after a flight or a boat ridev. to celebrate an important event v. to prepare an army to fight in a warn. a large area of land that is controlled by its owngovernmentadv. when something first happened or began n. a sudden startv to speak to God in order to ask for help or togive thanksn. someone who is taken by force and keptsomewherev a formal custom that people do regularly n. the complete absence of sound or noise adv. as a result of something that was just mentionedn. something that you say, do, or give in order to express respect for someonen.a situation in which you win a battle, game,election, or dispute11错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 6-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格124000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 7-Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to adopt the ways of a new culturen. an act of trying to do something, especiallysomething difficultn. an example of a particular situation v. to stop doing somethingn. the possibility that someone or something will be harmed, destroyed, or killedadj. it causes great harmn. the quality or state of having many different forms, types, ideas, etc.n. a sudden shaking of a part of the Earth’s surface that often causes a lot of damageadj. very raren. when a particular animal, plant, type of person, custom, skill, etc. stops existingadv. for all future time adv. in most casesn. the deliberate murder of a whole group or raceof peoplev. to affect someone or something in a harmful ordangerous wayv.to have something that is important or necessary taken from you or destroyed.adj. it refers to the place someone was born and raisedn. an amount that is equal to one one-hundredthof somethingn.a statement or fact that explains whysomething is the way it is13错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 7-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格144000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 8 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to use something as a source of energyv. to ask someone whether something is correct, true, or allowedn. a large brown fruitn. a medical condition that affects the brain and canmake someone become unconsciousn. an oily solid or liquid substance in foodv. to gradually get more and more of a quality,feeling, etc.n. a natural form of sugaradj. it is greater than usual in amount, number, or degree v. to stay in a particular stateadj. it is something that people are aware of orhave discoveredn. a large organ in the body that produces bileand cleans bloodadj. it is smaller than usual in amountn. the act or process of controlling and dealingwith somethingadj. it relates to the chemicaln. thick liquid made from plants or some animals n. a small egg-shaped black or green fruit n. how well someone or something functions adj. it has a strong effect15错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 8-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格164000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 9 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. it is related to logic and reasoningn. a reasonably large placen. an unmarried manadj. it is related to learning and knowing thingsn. the act of two things hitting intoeach anotheradj. they are able to think or actsuccessfullyn. a certificate proving that someonehas completed their studiesv. a subject or activity means to bevery good at itn.the study of the Earth’s natural structures and how they changeadj. an important part of the wholen. a person’s ability to understandthings easilyn. the work you do to earn moneyadj. student could have solved thatmath problemadj. the smallest amountn. the study of how the brain affects our thought and actionsadj. then it lets out, or is related to,radiationn. a set of ideas about time and spacedeveloped by Albert Einsteinn.the study of human society, itsorganizations, and problems17错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 9-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格184000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 10- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a person who controls a business,company, or organizationadj. wealthyv. to inspect financial records from a person or businessv. to have machines or computers dothe workv. to illegally persuade them for a favor with moneyadj. they break the law for money orfamev. something means to get rid of itn. a building where the bosses of acompany workn. what makes a person want to dosomethingn. a collection of services needed torun a society or businessv. to make lawsadj. then it is acceptable according tothe lawv. to skillfully or unfairly control oraffect itn. goods ready to be purchased orsoldn. the activity of selling goods to the public, often for personal usen. the income made by a company n. trash or wasten.money given by the government tocompanies to assist them19错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 10-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格204000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 11- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to judge the structure, purpose, or qualityof itv. to greatly surprise them v. to begin itn. its important qualities or basiccharacteristicsv. to remove itadj. extremely goodn. speed in movement or actionn. a sudden thoughtless urge to dosomethingv. you stop it from developingadj. describes something last in a series or the second choice of two thingsn. the smallest basic unit that makes up a physical substanceadj. then it is still happening or still growing adj. exact and careful about their work n. closeness in time, space, or relationshipsn. public attention given to someone or something by the median. a cure for a disease, argument, or problem n. the quality that makes it important adj. then it comes after something else in time21错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 11-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格224000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 12 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. very severe and intensen. behavior that is mean or violent to othersn. an account of someone’s life that is written by someone elsen. to increase or improve itv. to hit one’s hands together to express pleasure or get attentionadj. more formal and serious than popularmusicv. to force them to do itn. something original that is maden. a person is their state of being morepowerful than othersadj. very pleasing and attractiveadj. certain to happen or cannot be avoided.n. an effect that exists because of a personor thing in the pastn. a very good painting, novel, movie, orother work of artadj. many of themv. to write about it or read it aloudadj. it is well known because of somethingbadadv. the whole thing is consideredn. a tendency to prefer one thing to another23错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 12-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格244000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 13 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. one part or feature of something.n. a skill or quality that is useful orvaluablen. task that is given to you to do n. knowledge or perceptionn. a part of a plant that turns into aflower or a leafv. to make different parts worktogethern. money available for a client toborrowv. to show that it is not trueadj. it is connected to helping people’s livesn. an idea about something that has not been proved yetadj. it provides a lot of information adj. it relates to the eyes or lightn. an idea on which something isbasedn. an object with shelves that holdsthingsn. a period between the 14th and17th centuriesadj. it relates to the position and sizeof thingsv. to describe something clearlyv.two things together, you fastenthem with rope, string, etc.25错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 13-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格264000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 14 -Day1Word Part Definitionn. a person who cannot stop doingsomethingadj. it relates to archeologyn. the study of ancient people through theirartifactsv. to have a lot of ideas about a certain topicn. the amount of money available to spend onsomethingadj. crazy, confused, and hecticv. to mention it as an example or as proof ofsomethingv. to match or to be similar to somethingn. an outdoor area that is surrounded by thewalls of a buildingn. a large area of land owned by a family ororganizationn. the crime of gaining money by lying or bytricking peoplen. a gas that has no taste, color, or smell n. honesty and good moralsn. a person’s opinion or way of thinkingabout somethingn. a device that helps people and things fallto the ground safely.adj. from a time before written history n. a person who supports an idea or a plan v. to make it better by making changes27错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 14-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格284000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 15- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. it is made up of smaller amounts addedtogethern. a medical drug used to kill bacteria andtreat infectionsn. a piece of an electronic device that allowselectricity to flowv. to make them betterv. to press or squeeze it so that it takes upless spacen. a collection of datan. an amount or value that is the same as another amount or valueadj. they cannot be affected by itn. information that is put into a computer adj. the two things are very closely connected n. a piece of iron or other materialn. the way chemical processes in their bodyuse energyn. a small device in a computer that holdsinformationn. a stage in a process or the gradualdevelopment of somethingv. to take a piece of skin between one’s fingers and squeezeadj. commonn. it relates to the behavior of atomicparticlesn.a relationship between two thingsexpressed in numbers or amounts29错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 15-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格304000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 16- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a chemical that can burn or dissolve othersubstancesn. the group of people who manage a company ororganizationadj. describes anything related to managing a company or organizationn. the use of living parts, such as cells, in industryand technologyn. a substance in fat, tissues, and blood of all animalsn. a group of people or organizations working for acommon purposeadj. it encourages one to believe something that is falsen.a medical condition in which a person’s body cannot control the level of sugar in their bloodv. to completely remove itn. the destruction of rockn. moral beliefs or rules about right or wrong adj. it is very clear, open, and truthfuln. a set of rules or ideas that people use to solveproblemsv. to make it in a factoryn. a part of a machine that performs a certainfunctionv. to reduce something to the lowest possible level n. a sweet liquid produced by flowersn. an idea or belief about something31错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 16-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格324000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 17- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. then they are unable to pay their debtsv. to rules or laws is to obey themv. to give work to themv. to force them to leave a placen. a part added to something to give it moretime or spaceadj. then it is about to happen in the future v. to put furniture in a house or roomn. the conditions or methods needed for health and cleanlinessadj. clean and unlikely to cause disease n. a man who rents property to a person v. to rent propertyadj. it is required by lawv. to fix it when it is broken or damagedn. a loan for property, especially a home ora businessn. employees in a business.n. the system of pipes used in a home tosupply watern. what someone has said, including saying how much a piece of work will costn.a person who rents property from alandlord33错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 17-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格344000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 18 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to change in order to deal with a new situationadj. describes the process of life and living thingsadj. it relates to the cells of animals or plants adj. lively and have creative ideasn. a pleasant situation that people think about but is unlikely to happenn. the process of passing on features from parents to childrenadj. it exists or happens inside a person, object, or placeadj. very smalln. a person who is the first to discover v. to tell someone to take itadj. they relate separately to each person justmentionedadj. they cannot be changedn. a number of events or things that come one after anotheradj. almost the samev. something or someone means to have the m take the place of anothern. a doctor who is trained to do surgeryn. treatment for a particular physical or ment al illness or conditionv. to move it from one place to another35错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 18-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格364000 Essential English Words 3Word ListUnit 19- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. the study of the stars in the belief that they influence people’s livesn. made of two things that gotogetherv. to move away from your propercoursev. to show the difference betweenthemv. something or someone is to prevent them from workingn. a math operation to determine thevalue of somethingv. to make a mistakeadj. it is incorrect or only partlycorrect.adj. they behave in a wild way because they are frightenedadj. it is done without realizing whatyou are doingv. to do it with whatever is available or without planningn. place is its distance from theequatorn. a sailorn. a very large number of themn. a person or thing that is annoyingor causes a lot of problemsn. something is its ability to lastforeverv. to keep it as the main feature orfocusv.to calm someone who is angry orupset37错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 19-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格384000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 20- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadj. ridiculousn. the highest class of people in certainsocietiesn. a person who is of the highest class incertain societiesn. nice or special clothingn. a brief and popular activity or object v. to make knownv. to make it biggern. an amount of something that is more than needed or wantedadj. then it has qualities that are commonlyrelated to womenn. a system of things or people rankedone above the othern. thick piece of soft material used to protect or clean thingsn. someone who lives or works with youas an equaladj. then it is the most important, common,or strongestn. a system of rules and customs thatguides how things are doneadj. then they have a good reputation v. to be a symbol of somethingn. a thin long piece of fabric used to fasten, carry, or hold somethingn. the way you do things39错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 20-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格404000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 21 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionadv. it goes from the water to the landv. to state the opposite of what someone else has saidn. something that is very similar to something else in what it doesadj. devoid of a thing, they are missing itv. to become different or to follow a different directionn. a human or animal that is still growing inside its motheradv. at the end of a series of events n. a newspaperadj. it is made up of things which are allthe samen. a single member of a group adj. a very important event v. to get in its wayv. to move down into something veryquicklyv. to make something last for a longertimev. to make something get a lot ofattentionn. an extra amount of somethingv. it manages to continue to live in spite of difficult circumstancesv. to develop ideas about something41错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 21-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格424000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 22- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a table used in churchesn. an illness causing pain and swelling in aperson’s jointsn. the study of plantsadj. they can be believed or trusted adj. deadn. the act of lying or tricking someonen. a written text, usually not in the form of abookn. solid waste material produced by animalsn. the time in the evening when it begins to getdarkv. to please themv. to improve it and make it very good v. to find its meaningn. your reason for doing somethingn. a dangerous illness causing the lungs to fillwith liquidadj. they know what will happen or what peoplethinkadj. they have a very serious mental illnessn. something is how many people or things itrelates toadj. they are evil43错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 22-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格444000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 23 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionn. a tube that takes blood from the heartto the rest of the bodyn. the act of becoming worse adj. they are hard to findv. to make sure it happensv. to make it happenadj. they can’t be separatedadj. not correctv. to make it look bigger than it really isn. what is considered normal and accepted by most peoplen. a very small living thingadj. a very small and unimportant problem adj. it is extremely small and not importantn. the loss of the ability to move all orpart of your bodyn. an animal or insect that hurts plants orfoodv. to be accepted or very common n. you are chasing itv. to tear or burst open adj. very violent or cruel45错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 23-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格464000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 24 -Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. a plan or idea is to support orsuggest it in public.conj. althoughv. to give permission for itn. someone who is not in the military n. something that can be bought or sold v. to talk or write to themn. an event by which one country takes over another countryv. to tell it to someone elsen. a situation are the way that parts of itaffect each otherv. to put one’s name on a list as a member of a groupadj. they want something that anotherperson hasadj. it is happy and related to a party orcelebrationv. we show or point out our thoughts orplansn. very small beans that people cookand eatv. to assemble them in ordern. the amount of hope that people have during a difficult situationn. the way you are feelingn.a prediction about what will happenin the future47错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 24-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格484000 Essential English Words 4Word ListUnit 25- Day1Word Part Chinese Definitionv. to confirm that its results are trueadj. sticking togetherv. to work together on somethingv. to collect a variety of them into agroupv. to prevent it from happening orincreasingv. to identify the medical conditionthey havev. to make it into a lawn. a group of states or businesses working for a common causeadj. disgusting adj. good and kind adj. very poorn. something unpleasant is the beginning of itv. to make a promise to do something v. to not allow itv. to make it become something elsen. a disease that causes tiny bumps onthe skin and high feversv. to change it in a very significant wayv.to pass it from one person or placeto another49错的单词，重新背熟后在此默写三遍Unit 25-Day21.完成书上对应练习2.将练习中错误或不熟悉的单词、词组、句子摘抄在下面表格50。
4000 Essential English Words 4 – Answer Key
Unit 1Exercise 11. rapid / rate2. contemporary / vary3. humid / toxic4. texture / aroma5. cluster / combined6. subtle / soothing7. cultivated / odor8. palate / beverage9. condensed / divine10. paradise / plantationsExercise 2Part A1. i2. e3. c4. g5. b6. a7. f8. h9. d10. jPart B1. g2.i3. h4. a5. j6. e7.f8.c9. d10. bReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F The Aztecs cultivated chocolate trees on plantations.4. T5. F The first chocolate beverages were made by the Mayans and Aztecs.6. TPart B1. a2. c3. d4. cUnit 2Exercise 1 Part A1. a2. d3. d4. b5. bPart B1. c2. b3. a4. b5. dExercise 21. admiral2. sour3. Kerosene4. conscience5. grapefruits6. steward7. fiery8. string9. hay10.hoopExercise 31. stake2. flesh3. wreck4. accident5. characterReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F The admiral put branches with sharp thorns in the monkey’s cages.4. F The steward had a good conscience.5. F The steward was horrified because the monkeys were thin and weak.6. TPart B1. b2. b3. c4. bUnit 3Exercise 11. option / idiot2. torment / admonished3. pinpoint / echoed4. brag / perfect5. switch / beware6. eventual / pastime7. awesome / disagreed8. audible /conscious9. immense / indirect10. hint / thoroughExercise 2Part A1. b2. j3. f4. a5. i6. e7. d8. g9. h10. cPart B1. e2. j3. h4. i5. a6. c7. d8. g9. b10. fReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. T4. F When the young man had an option of two trails, he always chose the more difficult of the two.5. T6. F When the young man arrived home, he knew that he had acted like an idiot.Part B1. d2. b3. a4. aUnit 4Exercise 1Part A1. a2. c3. b4. a5. c6. b7. a8. a9. d10. bExercise 21. perish / oblivious2. roost / fond3. rim / pit4. soars / flight5. moan / weep6. typical / immoral7. except / beak8. trivial / disapprove9. utterly / ivy10. slippery / damp Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F Eagle had a roost near the pit.3. T4. T5. F Fox was oblivious to the hidden animals.6. TPart B1. b2. c3. d4. dUnit 5Exercise 11. operate / cyberspace2. recent / global3. ignorant / weird4. essays / edit5. semester / index6. fainted / lecture7. typewritten / highlighted8. resolution / gymnasium9. moral / awhile10. evaluated / privateExercise 2Part A1. g2. e3. a4. i5. c6. b7. j8. h9. f10. dPart B1. e2. g3. c4. j5. i6. b7. f8. h9. d10. aReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F The private study rooms were downstairs.3. F The computers in the private study rooms were operating correctly.4. T5. F The geography test was worth seventy percent of the final grade.6. TPart B1. c2. a3. b4. bUnit 6Exercise 1 Part A1. b2. a3. c4. b5. aPart B1. b2. a3. a4. d5. cExercise 2 Part A1. g2. c3. b4. j5. f6. i7. d8. a9. e10. hPart B 1. e 2. c3. j4. b5. f6. d7. h8. a9. i10. gReading ComprehensionPart A1. F Jack Frost likes playing tricks on folks.2. T3. F Jack Frost’s role is to decorate everything with frost and ice.4. T5. T6. F When Jack Frost set fire to the food, the butter started to melt.Part B1. a2. d3. b4. cUnit 7Exercise 1 Part A1. b2. a3. c4. b5. dPart B1. c2. d3. b4. a5. cExercise 21. a2. c3. b4. d5. dExercise 31. resources2. rally3. memorable4. offense5. account6. obliged7. proclaimed 8. volunteered9. habitat10. gratitudeReading ComprehensionPart A1. F The architect wanted to build a new office building.2. T3. T4. T5. F The people could not conceal their gratitude, so they cheered.6. TPart B1. b2. c3. a4. dUnit 8Exercise 11. replace / conduct2. influenced / laws3. gripped / snapped4. enclosed / whatsoever5. impending / constantly6. cracks / tends7. device / mode8. halted / access9.valid / version10. perspired / slyExercise 2Part A1. f2. a3. e4. b5. j6. d7. g8. c9. h10. iPart B1. h2. i3. e4. f5. b6. a7. d8. c9. j10. gReading ComprehensionPart A1. F Janie thought constantly abouta device that played music.2. T3. F Janie found the player when she reached into the bag.4. T5. F When Linda put the player to “on” mode, it didn’t work.6. TPart B1. a2. b3. a4. bUnit 9Exercise 1 Part A1. a2. c3. b4. a5. dPart B1. b2. a3. d4. a5. dExercise 21. alongside2. assist3. rumor4. wages5. smashed6. feeble7. efficient8. subject9. outraged10. forgaveExercise 31. b2. c3. b4. a5. bReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F George was a strong boy witha large appetite.4. T5. F George was a lazy student who didn’t like any subjects.6. TPart B1. a2. b3. c4. dUnit 10Exercise1Part A1. a2. d3. c4. b5. cPart B1. a2. b3. c4. a5. dExercise 21. particle / animate2. numerous / handy3. classify / upright4. longing, plea5. worthwhile, sophisticated6. concept, review7. isolate, diagram8. constructed, decades9. ferry, concede10. refrain, surrender Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F Anton had a longing to become famous.3. T4. T5. F Anton drew diagrams of the bacteria.6. F The scientists took a ferry to Holland.Part B1. d2. b3. d4. aUnit 11Exercise 11. c2. b3. d4. a5. bExercise 21. sort2. enchanted3. applause4. vain5. diverse6. genre7. ceremony8. defense9. obstacles10. exceptionExercise 3 Part A1. e2. h3. i4. a5. f6. d7. b8. c9. j 10. gPart B1. e2. h3. a4. j5. b6. d7. i8. c9. f10. gReading ComprehensionPart A1. F Baker’s first job was to carry messages written in code to and from Resistance members.2. T3. T4. F In 1940, armed soldiers entered Paris.5. T6. TPart B1. a2. c3. b4. aUnit 12Exercise 11. muscles / violence2. bid / belly3. timid / disrespect4. enthusiasm / continent5. meantime / lean6. avenue / alternative7. rescue / conflict8. terrain / harsh9. mischief / succession10. blow / currentExercise 21. continent2. terrain3. succession4. avenue5. lean6. alternative7. current8. meantime9. harsh10. violenceExercise 31. a2. a3. c4. a5. c Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F The North Wind did not blow the jacket off of the man.3. T4. F The man was the target for the North Wind.5. F The Sun was usually timid but did teach the North Wind a lesson.6. TPart B1. a2. d3. c4. dUnit 13Exercise 11. b2. a3. a4. a5. aExercise 21. autograph2. nightmares3. maximize4. van5. workout6. irritable7. horn8. lag9. warns10. nutritiousExercise 31. c2. b3. a4. a5. a6. b7. a8. a9. d10. c Reading ComprehensionPart A1. F Alex has a nightmare that he fell during the race.2. T3. F Alex wanted to eat something nutritious for breakfast.4. T5. T6. TPart B1. b2. c3. b4. aUnit 14Exercise 11. a2. b3. a4. c5. bExercise 21. d2. a3. b4. b5. dExercise 31. lump / brick2. uttering / reconciled3. shutters /sparkled4. stale / flushed5. crumbled / dough6. sift / shattered7. fist / flexible8. mixture / sprinkle9. expressed / slight10. ruined / injured Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F The dough needed to be soft and flexible.4. F The younger brother uttered a sigh.5. T6. F A slight mistake now became a major problem.Part B1. b2. b3. b4. dUnit 15Exercise11. await / research2. beloved / misery3. variety / complained4. confused / due5. establish / climate6. Although / prior7. furnace /entire8. midst / mature9. leash / measured10. apply / buriedExercise 2Part A1. a2. d3. f4. c5. i6. b7. j8. h9. e10. gPart B1. a2. b3. e4. j5. h6. i7. c8. f9. d10. gReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F Wires were applied to Laika’s skin so that scientists could know how she felt.3. F Although Laika could not be buried, a memorial was established in her honor.4. T5. F In a prior launch scientists senta man- made object into space.6. TPart B1. a2. a3. c4. aUnit 16Exercise 11. misfortune, negative2. bruise, altogether3. sake, per4. pleaded, disobedient5. source, glimpsed6. hoop, stitched7. bound, custom8. stern, ripped9. thump, scraped10. foresee, vehementExercise 2Part A1. i2. c3. f4. b5. h6. j7. a8. e9. d10. gPart B1. d2. i3. h4. j5. g6. c7. b8. f9. a10. eReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F There were six girls per team.4. T5. F Stephanie asked Gwen to try her best for the sake of the team.6. TPart B1. b2. d3. b4. bUnit 17Exercise 11. lid / convenient2. folded / shield3. urban / exit4. mighty / civilization5. swayed / stormy6. waded / reeds7. flock / dew8. poison / drastic9. den / mushrooms10. native / loomedExercise 21. poison2. mushrooms3. dew4. native5. shield6. den7. folded8. flock9. lid10. exitExercise 31. c2. b3. d4. b5. d Reading ComprehensionPart A1. F Tracy invites Kara to go camping with her family.2. T3. T4. T5. F The weather is sunny on the second day.6. TPart B1. d2. a3. c4. dUnit 18Exercise 1 Part A1. b2. c3. a4. c5. dPart B1. a2. b3. d4. b5. bExercise 2 Part A1. e2. j3. d4. a5. g6. b7. c8. h9. i10. fPart B 1. i2. b3. e4. g5. a6. f7. c8. j9. d10. hReading ComprehensionPart A1. F The title of the script was The Lost Glove.2. T3. F Peter declined Robby’s offer to practice together.4. T5. T6. TPart B1. b2. b3. c4. bUnit 19Exercise 11. b2. a3. b4. b5. aExercise 21. atmosphere2. stated3. chapters4. notified5. tray6. afflicted7. etc.8. aisle9. breakdown10. authorExercise 3 Part A1. f2. c3. g4. i5. d6. e7. b8. j9. a 10. hPart B1. e2. g3. c4. h5. j6. b7. d8. i9. a10. fReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F Isaac listened to music and read a book by his favorite author.3. T4. F Isaac was still scared after the shaking stopped.5. F The pilot stated that the conditions in the atmosphere were bad.6. TPart B7. b8. d9. a10. cUnit 20Exercise 11. a2. a3. d4. b5. bExercise 21. sole2. pray3. choked4. ceased5. mass6. dent7. distrust8. rife9. betrayed10. crossExercise 31. blast / choke2. fort / treachery3. sweep / tuck4.sole / lining5. distrust / betray6. founded / ceased7. commented / civil8. bracelet / dent9. mass / cross10. rife / pray Reading ComprehensionPart A1. F The land near the King’s fort was rife with enemies.2. F When Clara and Susie met, Susie was sweeping the path.3. T4. T5. F Clara commented to her father that he shouldn’t distrust people.6. TPart B1. d2. b3. a4. bUnit 21Exercise 11. sum2. vein3. relate4. chronicles5. copper6. millennium7. background8. venom9. trustworthy10. updateExercise 21. c2. d3. a4. a5. aExercise 3 Part A1. f2. i3. j4. e5. b6. a7. h8. c9. d 10. gPart B1. e2. d3. b4. f5. i6. a7. h8. c9. j10. gReading ComprehensionPart A1. F A teller at a bank thought her fellow employees were stealing.2. T3. F The venom was taken from a poisonous snake.4. T5. F Three of her coworkers were scratching their hands and arms.6. TPart B1. d2. b3. c4. dUnit 22Exercise 11. mocking, temper2. scribes, unity3. hitchhiked, cozy4. charity, goods5. heeded, neutral6. empire, commerce7. victor, throne8. reduced, pity9. persecuted, economy10. depleted, condemnedExercise 21. goods2. depleted3. charity4. persecuted5. victors6. hitchhiked7. mock8. reduced9. unity10. empireExercise 31. c2. b3. d4. a5. c Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F The trees were important to the western areas' economy.3. T4. F The emperor sat upon his throne, and the scribe stood in front of him.5. F The emperor condemned the citizens of the western areas to starve.6. TPart B1. b2. c3. d4. aUnit 23Exercise 11. b2. d3. a4. a5. d6. c7. d8. d9. c10. aExercise 2 Part A1. g2. d3. f4. h5. j6. e7. b8. i9. a10. cPart B1. b2. e3. j4. f5. c6. i7. d8. g9. a10. hReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F A tiny insect may have been the biggest factor in the death of these huge creatures.3. T4. F A vast majority of dinosaurs, from the vegetarians to the meat eaters, died.5. F In addition, scientists have found the genetic material of mosquitoes in fossils.6. TPart B1. d2. a3. b4. aUnit 24Exercise 1Part A1. c2. b3. a4. d5. dPart B1. c2. d3. b4. d5. aExercise 21. cherish / moderation2. growl / predator3. sane / compassion4. snatch / saucer5. core / foster6. cunning / grind7. tumbled / dizzy8. withhold / consent9. tense / stumble10. equilibrium / stagger Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F The innkeeper staggered outside.3. T4. T5. F He did not want to withhold the truth any longer. He just wanted to foster happiness.6. TPart B1. d2. b3. d4. aUnit 25Exercise 1Part A1. c2. a3. d4. c5. dPart B1. c2. c3. b4. b5. bExercise 21. b2. b3. b4. b5. dExercise 31. hardy / traverse2. celebrity / institute3. migrate / aircraft4. jealousy / esteemed5. extinct / swamp6. species / secluded7. decisive / ethical 8. zoology / nurture9. rural / overhead10. principle / concreteReading ComprehensionPart A1. F The journey on the aircraft to Australia took twenty hours.2. F Gilbert was a professor of zoology.3. F Gilbert was hardier than Eliza.4. T5. T6. TPart B1. b2. c3. a4. aUnit 26Exercise 1 Part A1. b2. b3. c4. a5. bPart B1. c2. d3. c4. b5. aExercise 2 Part A1. e2. h3. i4. a5. j6. c7. f8. g9. d10. bPart B 1. h 2. g3. d4. e5. c6. f7. i8. b9. j10. aReading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. F It was impossible for the colonel to extinguish the fire on the plane.3. F The plane did not have any gasoline left after the crash.4. T5. F The couple searched for help in the forest for three days.6. F The forest people led Wilbur and Mary through the trees and they promptly arrived at a small town.Part B1. a2. a3. c4. bUnit 27Exercise 1Part A1. b2. c3. a4. c5. bPart B1. a2. b3. a4. b5. aExercise 21. wooded2. distributed3. federal4. objective5. exotic6. oxygen7. comprehensive8. equator9. comparative10. beneficialExercise 31. d2. a3. b4. d5. aReading ComprehensionPart A1. F Rainforests provide much of the world’s oxygen supply.2. T3. T4. F These humid, wooded mountaintops are mainly in African and Central and South American countries.5. T6. TPart B1. a2. a3. c4. dUnit 28Exercise 1Part A1. d2. d3. a4. a5. cPart B1. c2. a3. c4. b5. dExercise 21. riot / shrine2. paraphrased / defined3. presently / expand4. avail / solitude5. fundamental / worsen6. scribble / linger7. horrifying / dreaded8. incredulous / stark9. summon / organism10. random / plague Reading ComprehensionPart A1. F In 430 BCE, a horrifying plague broke out in Athens.2. T3. T4. F Thucydides was incredulous that the plague was caused by the gods.5. T6. TPart B1. b2. c3. d4. bUnit 29Exercise 11. candidate / enhance2. era / solar3. pollute / incorporate4. corporate / confidential5. phenomenon / mobile6. automobile / parallel7. transportation / ridiculed8. guidelines / intervals9. modify / territories10. tournament / interactExercise 21. pollute2. tournament3. parallel4. modify5. ridiculed6. era7. interact8. incorporate9. automobiles10. candidateExercise 31. d2. c3. b4. b5. a Reading ComprehensionPart A1. T2. T3. F The cars incorporate solar panels onto the outside that lie parallel to each other.4. F These cars drive over 3,000 kilometers across the Australian territories.5. T6. F They must stop at certain intervals to charge their batteries.Part B1. c2. a3. d4. aUnit 30Exercise 11. a2. a3. d4. b5. d6. d7. a8. c9. b10. dExercise 2 Part A1. i2.d3. b4. j5. g6. e7.f8. a9. c10. hPart B1. j2. h3. e4. a5. f6. b7. i8. c9. g10.dReading ComprehensionPart A1. F Martin was a farmer who grew organic ginseng and poultry.2. T3. T4. F Tom’s stance on discipline was too strong.5. T6. F The brothers could not see the land’s boundary.Part B1. c2. d3. a4. d。
NCE4_必背篇目
ᔫᆪႤݢኡࣗ——ቤগศ5!CONTENTS KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY (1)S ILICON V ALLEY (10) (1)T HE MODERN CITY (16) (1)S ECRECY IN INDUSTRY (15) (1)K NOWLEDGE AND PROGRESS (22) (2)CULTURE AND SOCIETY (3)P ATTERNS OF CULTURE (44) (3)T HE SPORTING SPIRIT (6) (3)A DOLESCENCE (34) (4)ART (5)B EAUTY (24) (5)T HE SCULPTOR SPEAKS (31) (5)W HAT EVERY WRITER WANTS (39) (6)EDUCATION (7)E DUCATION (33) (7)Y OUTH (5) (7)GOVERNMENT AND ECONOMY (9)T RADING STANDARDS (8) (9)T HE COST OF GOVERNMENT (36) (9)HUMAN BEING AND INDIVIDUALS (10)H OW TO GROW OLD (11) (10)H OBBIES (46) (10)T HE PROCESS OF AGEING (37) (11)O F MEN AND GALAXIES (45) (11)HISTORY (13)R OYAL ESPIONAGE (9) (13)G ALILEO REBORN (32) (13)Knowledge and Technology Silicon Valley (10)Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now workstations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drip to a few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized by expensive failures. Mead predicts that inventors will be able to perfect powerful customized chips over a weekend at the office—spawning a new generation of garage start-ups and giving the U.S. a jump on its foreign rivals in getting new products to market fast. ‘We’ve got more garages with smart people,’ Mead observes. ‘We really thrive on anarchy.’And on Asians. Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms. And Chinese, Korean, Filipino and Indian engineers are graduating in droves from California’s colleges. As the heads of next-generation start-ups, these Asian innovators can draw on customs and languages to forge tighter links with crucial Pacific Rim market. For instance, Alex Au, a Stanford Ph.D. from Hong Kong, has set up a Taiwan factory to challenge Japan’s near lock on the memory-chip market. India-born N. Damodar Reddy’s tiny California company reopened an AT&T chip plant in Kansas City last spring with financing from the state of Missouri. Before it becomes a retirement village, Silicon Valley may prove a classroom for building a global business.The modern city (16)In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has no been planned for the good of its inhabitants.Secrecy in industry (15)Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of suchgeneral and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.Knowledge and progress (22)Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them ? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.Culture and SocietyPatterns of culture (44)Custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-off-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. In the first place any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization. Anthropology was by definition impossible as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree, of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief over against our neighbor’s superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest.The sporting spirit (6)I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, onecould deduce it from general principles.Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations. Who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe--at any rate for short periods--that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.Adolescence (34)Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it ca hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realize how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parents' refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact hey did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.ArtBeauty (24)A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined. Greater too than we can describe, for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret. But, if this world is not merely a bad joke, life a vulgar flare amid the cool radiance of the stars, and existence an empty laugh braying across the mysteries; if these intimations of a something behind and beyond are not evil humor born of indigestion, or whimsies sent by the devil to mock and madden us, if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek to interpret the meaning. If we glimpse the unutterable, it is unwise to try to utter it, nor should we seek to invest with significance that which we cannot grasp. Beauty in terms of our human meanings is meaningless.The sculptor speaks (31)Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the abi8lity to respond to form in three dimensions. That is perhaps why sculpture has been described as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than color-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensional distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.This is what the sculptor must do. He must strive continually to think of, and use, form in its full spatial completeness. He gets the solid shape, as it were, in- side his head--he thinks of it, whatever its size, as if he were holding it completely enclosed in the hollow of his hand. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what the other side is like; he identifies himself with its center of gravity, its mass, its weight; he realizes its volume, as the space that the shape displaces in the air.And the sensitive observer of sculpture must also learn to feel shape simply as shape, not as description or reminiscence. He must, for example, perceive an egg as a simple single solid shape, quite apart from its significance as food, or from the literary idea that it will become a bird. And so with solids such as a shell, a nut, a plum, a pear, a tadpole, a mushroom, a mountain peak, a kidney, a carrot, a tree-trunk, a bird, a bud, a lark, a ladybird, a bulrush, a bone. From these he can go on to appreciate more complex forms of combinations of several forms.What every writer wants (39)I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respected, confess at once that they have little idea where they arc going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two, they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration, all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a 'skeleton', as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not con- seriously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears, he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books, like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.EducationEducation (33)Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—those purchasable wells of wisdom-- what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow- citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is, equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no 'illiterates '--if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency.' No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.Youth (5)People are always talking about' the problem of youth '. If there is one—which I take leave to doubt--then it is older people who create it, not the young them- selves. Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beings--people just like their elders. There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him: and maybe that is where the rub is. When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain--that I was a new boy in a huge school, and I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, being a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them with life, and the origins of things. It's as if they were in some sense cosmic beings in violent and lovely contrast with us suburban creatures. All that is in my mind when I meet a young person. He may be conceited, ill- mannered, presumptuous of fatuous, but I do not turn for protection to dreary clichés about respect for elders--as if mere age werea reason for respect. I accept that we are equals, and I will argue with him, as an equal, if I think he is wrong.Government and Economy Trading standards (8)Chickens slaughtered in the United States, claim officials in Brussels, are not fit to grace European tables. No, say the Americans: our fowl are fine, we simply clean them in a different way. These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. It is not just farmers who are complaining . An electric razor that meets the European Union’s safety standards must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the United States, and an American-made dialysis machine needs the EU’s okay before it hits the market in Europe.As it happens, a razor that is safe in Europe is unlikely to electrocute Americans. So, ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic, why have two lots of tests where one would do? Politicians agree, in principle, so America and the EU have been trying to reach a deal which would eliminate the need to double-test many products. They hope to finish in time for a trade summit between America and EU on May 28th. Although negotiators are optimistic, the details are complex enough that they may be hard-pressed to get a deal at all.Why? One difficulty is to construct the agreements. The Americans would happily reach one accord on standards for medical devices and then hammer out different pacts covering, say, electronic goods and drug manufacturing. The EU-following fine continental traditions—wants agreement on general principles, which could be applied to many types of products and have extended to other countries. The cost of government (36)If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country, and it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and back- ward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost--the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overhead in a business is analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overhead of a business is low to the extent that everyone working in the business can, be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen, and administrative overhead will rise correspondingly. As administrative overhead rises, so the earnings of the business, after meeting the expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.It is precisely the same with a nation. To the extent that the people can be relied upon to behave in a loyal and responsible manner, the government does not require armies of police and civil servants to keep them in order. But if a nation is disunited, the government cannot be sure that the actions of the people will be in the interests of the nation; and it will have to watch, check, and control the people accordingly. A disunited nation therefore has to incur unduly high costs of government.。
《4000 essential words》英文版【PDF】
智课网TOEFL备考资料《4000 essential words》英文版【PDF】摘要：《4000 essential words》英文版【PDF】!托福考试最重要的就是词汇，离开词汇其他一切都是空谈，给大家推荐一份很不错的国外原版单词书，每个list后面有练习可以做。
适合已有8000左右词汇量的童鞋，有时间并需要进一步提升自己词汇量的同学们可以看一看作为辅助。
《4000 essential words》英文版【PDF】! 托福考试最重要的就是词汇，离开词汇其他一切都是空谈，给大家推荐一份很不错的国外原版单词书，每个list后面有练习可以做。
适合已有8000左右词汇量的童鞋，有时间并需要进一步提升自己词汇量的同学们可以看一看作为辅助。
000 Essential English Words, Book 4 (Audio book)Publisher: Compass Publishing (June 1, 2009) | Language: English | ISBN-10: 1599664054 | mp3 | 110.88 Mb4000 Essential English Words is a six-book series that is designed to focus on practical high-frequency words to enhance the vocabulary of learners from high beginning to advance levels. The series presents a variety of words that cover a large percentage of the words that can be found in many spoken or written texts. Thus, after mastering these target words, learners will be able to fully understand vocabulary items when they encounter them in written and spoken form.Each unit presents 20 words which are defined and used in sample sentences. The activities in the books are designed to present the words in different uses so that learners can fully see how they can be utilized. Also at the endof each unit there is a story whch contains the unit's target words to give learners further examples of the words in use. Each level properly prepares the learner for the next which progressively challenges the learner with more sophisticated vocabulary and stories.小马为大家研发出新的托福备考神器，小马托福APP把历年的托福机经以及最新更新考前预测内容的大范围、小范围、逆天版机经从纸质型做成APP机经库，让大家直接体验托福机经在线模考环境;界面及内容设计完全依照真实的新托福听力环境，并同时给出了TPO1-34模考题及答案解析；小马托福听力APP开启两种模式：“修炼”、“闯关”，两大模式进行魔鬼式训练。
云词4编辑器帮助文档
云词4编辑器帮助文档.doc安装首先在官方网站下载最新的绿色安装包，点击查看。
将下载好的解压包XXX.zip 解压到某一个目录中。
解压好之后，运行“YC4Editor.exe”（）即可启动云词4词典编辑器了。
编辑器入门创建第一本词典首次登录编辑器点击“新建词典”，创建属于自己的第一本词典。
按要求填写好了信息之后点击“确定”（需要联网）即可。
注：修改词典也需要连接网络创建第一个词条对着词典鼠标右键打开菜单：单击“添加词条”会在左边弹出添加词条的界面：点击“”保存效果：词典创建词典见编辑器入门中的“创建第一本词典”词典的属性介绍一本词典的属性有词典类型、语音包类型、词典名称、词典描述等等，您可以对着某一本词典点击鼠标右键，在弹出的菜单中选择“查看词典信息”：1.词典类型：词典的类型关系到“您创建的词典”在官方网站上所属的分类栏目。
2.语音包类型（可选）：如果选择了语音包类型，可以使您的词典中的词条在安装了云词4的终端上（如：Andriod，Iphone，Ipad等等）发音。
修改词典信息当对某一个词典信息进行了修改了之后，在右上角会出现“”，点击即可保存。
注：修改词典需要连接网络词典目录（词条分类）创建单个词典目录新建一本词典（见编辑器入门），在词典上方点击鼠标右键在弹出的菜单中：点击“新建词典目录”：叠加的词典目录创建可叠加的词典目和创建单个词典目录的方法是一样的修改词典目录的层次拖动要修改的词典目录到其他目录（或词典）下即可修改该目录的层次结构。
如：将目录“Child”拖动到词典“我的云词词典”下的效果：修改词典目录顺序选择要修改的目录：点击“”，“”即可上下移动目录顺序：词典词条词条显示规则在移动终端设备上，只有最在最底层词条分类（词典目录）下的词条才可以显示，所以当在非最底层词条分类下存在词条的时候，编辑器会以红色词条名作为提示修改词条分类。
创建词条（见编辑器入门---创建第一个词条）快速添加模式点击“开始”栏中的“”进入/取消词条的快速添加模式。
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39 fundamentals n．基本原则
40 glorious a. 光荣的,辉煌的
41 splendid a. 极好的
42 rub n. 摩擦,困难,障碍; v. 擦,搓,摩擦
43 identity n. 身份
44 dreary a. 沉闷的
141 abject a. 不幸的,可怜的,悲惨的
142 ignoble a. 卑贱的,卑鄙的,不名誉的
143 impersonal a. 不受个人感情影响的
144 ego n. 自我
145 recede v. 向后退,退却,减弱
146 increasingly ad. 逐渐地,渐增地
76 apparatus n. 装置,器具,器官
77 shoal a. 浅的; n. 鱼群; v. 浅滩
78 herring n. 青鱼,鲱,紧密
79 cod n. 鳕鱼; v. 哄骗,愚弄
80 squeak n. 吱吱声; v. 吱吱叫,咬
59 deduce v. 推论,演绎出
60 competitive a. 竞争的,比赛的
61 patriotism zhonggangxia n. 爱国心,爱国精神
62 disgrace n. 耻辱,不名誉; v. 耻辱,使...失体面
63 savage 野性的；凶猛的；粗鲁的；荒野的；
130 constitute v. 构成,组成,任命
131 drove v. 驾驶
132 innovator n. 改革者,刷新者
133 forge n. 熔炉,铁工厂; v. 打制,想出,伪造
134 memory-chip n．内存条
135 AT&T 美国电话电报公司
1 fossil man a．化石人
2 recount v. 详述,叙述,重新计算
3 saga n. 传说,英雄事迹,冒险故事
4 legend n. 传说,传奇
5 migration n. 移民,移往,移动
6 anthropologist n. 人类学家
136 Kansas n. 堪萨斯州
137 Missouri n. 密苏里(美国州名)
138 justification n. 辩护,证明正当,释罪; [计算机] 对齐
139 justifiably ad. 言之有理地(无可非议地)
140 cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为; v. 欺骗,作弊
104 conqueror n. 征服者,胜利者
105 casual a. 偶然的,随便的,非正式,漫不经心的
106 precaution n. 预防,留心,警戒
107 proceeds n. 收益
108 assemble v. 聚集,集合,装配
34 commission n. 委任状,任官令,佣金; v. 委任,委托,使服役
35 opaque a. 不透明的,难懂的
36 lotto n. 一种有编号的纸牌
37 slipper n. 拖鞋
38 blindfold a. 被蒙上眼睛的; ad. 盲目地; v. 蒙住眼睛; vt. 蒙住...的眼睛
49 cosmic a. 宇宙的
50 suburban a. 市郊的(城郊的)
51 conceited a. 自负的
52 presumptuous a. 放肆的,冒昧的,冒失的
53 fatuous a. 愚昧的, 昏庸的, 发呆的, 愚笨的, 自满的 5 mimic warfare 模拟战争
66 behaviour n. 行为(工作情况,运转状态,特点)
67 absurd a. 荒唐的
68 strictly ad. 严格地
69 utilitarian a. 功利的,实利的
45 commitment n. 委托,实行,承诺,保证(律）拘禁令; n. 奉献，献身
46 mean n.平均值,平均数; a. 低劣的,卑贱的,平均的; v. 意谓,想要,意欲
47 social climber 追求更高社会地位的人，向上爬的人
48 devotion n. 献身,忠诚
119 California n. 加利福尼亚,加州
120 workstation n. 工作站; 工作站
121 chip n. 薄片,芯片; v. 削,切,削成碎片
122 newsletter n. 时事通讯,时事分析,时事传报
123 macintosh n. 苹果机,一种个人电脑
124 penalize v. 处刑,宣告有罪,使不利
125 customize [计算机] 用户化
126 spawn n. 卵(子,产物,菌丝); vt 产卵
127 thrive v. 兴旺,繁荣
128 anarchy n. 无政府状态,混乱
129 oriental a. 东方人的
81 fit a. 适宜的,对的,准备好的; v. 适合,安装; n. 适宜,发作,一阵
82 grace n. 优雅,雅致,魅力,恩惠,慈悲
83 tariff n. 关税
84 standard a. 标准的; n. 标准
85 dialysis n. 透析
147 passionately （指性爱）强烈地
148 painlessly ad.无痛苦地
149 vitality n. 活力,生命力
150 weariness n. 疲倦,厌倦,疲劳
151 account n. 帐目,报告,估计; v. 叙述,解释; n. 利益,好处
89 device n. 装置,设计,策略,设备
90 hammer out v．推敲
91 pact n. 契约,协定,条约
92 Danish n. 丹麦文; a. 丹麦的,丹麦人的,丹麦文的
93 minstrel n. 吟游诗人(或歌手)
158 debit n. 借方,借; v. 记入借方; [计算机] 借方
86 electrocute v. 以电椅处死,以电击杀死,通电致死
87 eliminate v. 除去,排除,剔除; [计算机] 消除
88 accord n. 一致,调和,协议，自愿; vi. (与)一致（accord with）; vt.使一致，调解；给予，赠予
18 summit n. 顶点; n.最高官阶;最高级会议
19 attain v. 达到,获得
20 perilous a. 危险的
21 shudder n. 战悚,发抖; v. 战悚,发抖
22 court n. 法院,庭院,奉承,球场; v. 献殷勤,追求,招致危险
109 trivial a. 琐碎的,不重要的
110 prolonged adj. 持续很久的; 长时间的
111 commissary n. 军粮供应
112 episode n. 插曲,插话,(作品的一段)情节,有趣的事件
113 epic n. 史诗,叙事诗; a. 史诗的,叙事诗的
29 parishioner n. 教区居民
30 shepherd n. 牧羊者,牧师,指导者; v. 看守,领导,指导
31 linen n. 亚麻布,亚麻线,亚麻制品; a. 亚麻布制的,亚麻的
32 the Alps n．阿尔卑斯山脉
33 safe a. 安全的; n. 保险箱
70 appreciation n. 赏识,鉴识,感激
71 obstruction n. 障碍,妨碍,闭塞
72 elapse v. 逝去,过去
73 hull n. 壳,皮,船体; v. 去壳
74 interval n. 间隔
75 receipt n. 收据
114 harry v. 掠夺,使...苦恼,侵掠
115 assail v. 攻击
116 skirmish n. 前哨战,小争斗,小冲突; v. 从事小争斗
117 integrated a. 整合的; v. 整合; vbl. 整合
118 circuit n. 电路,一圈,巡回
23 solitary a. 孤独的; n. 隐士
24 impoverish v. 使...穷
25 alpine a. 高山的,阿尔卑斯山的
26 flea-ridden a．布满跳蚤的
27 coarse a. 粗糙的,下等的,粗俗的
28 boast n. 吹牛; v. 吹牛,自夸
7 archaeologist n. 考古学家
8 ancestor n. 祖宗,祖先
9 Polynesian a. 波利尼西亚(中太平洋之一群岛)的
10 Indonesia n. 印度尼西亚
11 flint n. 打火石,极硬的东西
12 rot n. 腐烂,腐蚀,败坏; v. 腐烂,使...枯朽,衰弱
13 census n. 户口普查; v. 实施统计调查
14 acre n. 英亩
15 content n. 内容,目录,含量; a. 满足的,满意的,意义的; v. 使...满足,使...安心
16 alpinist n. 登山运动员
17 pioneer n. 先锋,拓荒者,开劈者; v. 提倡,作先驱,开劈
99 Athelney n．阿塞尔纳(英国一个小岛)
100 Chippenham n．切本哈姆(英国一城市)
101 thither a. 对岸的,那边的; ad. 到那处,向那方
102 Dane n. 丹麦人
103 slack n. 松弛,家常裤; a. 松弛的,不流畅的; v. 使松弛,松弛