1#桥施工方案
最新人教版高中英语选择性必修三课件Unit 1语法精析课
3. Learn and master the functions of Infinitive. 标
4. Learn and use Infinitive fluently in writing.
语法精讲透析
动词不定式作表语和定语 体验•悟 朗读下列句子, 体会动词不定式的用法 ①Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. ②During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. ③The best way to do business is to build trust between you and your client. ④When you are faced with a serious decision, my suggestion is to listen to your own inner voice. ⑤The mother believes her duty is to raise her son to become a man with a noble mind and a generous heart. ⑥All he wanted after a tiring day was to be left alone.
二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时应放在被修饰词的后面。 1. 动词不定式作定语的几种情况: (1)动词不定式作定语可表将来的还没发生的动作。 ※There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the moon. 在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前, 还有许多要处理的问题。
高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;
新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案
Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。
一如既往一的意思
一如既往一的意思“一如既往”这个词里的“一”，意思是“完全”“始终”“一直”的意思呀。
就是说某种状态、行为或者情况从过去到现在一直保持着，没有发生改变，就像一条直线似的，直直地延续下来啦。
衍生注释：“一”在这里作为副词，起到了强调的作用，强调了那种从头到尾的连贯性和一致性。
它不是指单纯的数字一哦，而是带有一种始终如一、不间断的意味。
比如说“一如既往地努力”，就是说从始至终都保持着努力的状态，没有松懈过呢。
在很多类似的词语里，“一”都有这种表示持续、连贯的意思呢。
像“一以贯之”，也是说用一种思想、原则等贯穿始终呀，这个“一”同样是强调从头到尾不变的那个劲儿。
赏析：“一如既往”这个词因为有了这个“一”，才让整个词充满了一种坚定和执着的感觉呢。
它能很形象地表达出一个人或者一件事在时间的长河里，始终保持着某种特质或者做法，给人一种靠谱、稳定的印象。
就好比一棵大树，不管风吹雨打，始终“一如既往”地扎根在那里，稳稳当当的，让人看着就觉得安心呀。
这种始终如一的感觉，在生活中可是很珍贵的呢，无论是对待友情、爱情还是工作等方面，能做到一如既往，那可都是值得点赞的哟。
作者介绍：“一如既往”其实是个常用的成语啦，它并不是某一个特定作者单独创作出来的哦。
它是在咱们汉语的长期发展过程中，经过人们不断地使用和沉淀，逐渐形成的一个固定的表达方式，用来准确地传达那种始终保持不变的意思呢。
以下是五个运用片段：例子1：我和我那好哥们儿的友情呀，那可真是一如既往地深厚呢。
从小学认识到现在，都多少年啦，我俩还是跟以前一样铁。
每次我有啥烦心事，第一个想到的就是找他倾诉。
就说上次我在工作上出了点岔子，心里别提多郁闷啦。
我给他打电话，他一听就说：“嘿，怕啥呀，兄弟我在呢！”然后就跑来陪我，给我出主意，就跟小时候我被欺负了他来帮我出头一样。
咱这感情，就像那老房子的地基，稳稳当当的，不管过了多久，都是一如既往的好呀，你说是不是很难得？例子2：我奶奶对我那可真是一如既往地疼爱呀。
1的数学符号
1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。
同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。
因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。
在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。
2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。
3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。
4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。
5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。
需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。
因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。
新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A
Exercises
汉译英： 今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一 份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你 是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴 趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。 即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的 标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸 的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你 通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只 读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.
SCH英寸对照表(1)
表示英制管壁厚系列：Sch.20----全称：Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用，碳钢不用。举个例子：2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢；2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法： 钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1）是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁 厚。 管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。 即: Sch＝P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级：Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级：Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2）以钢管壁厚尺寸表示 中 国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3）是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种： a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管，以XS表示 c.特厚管，以XXS表示。 对于DN≤ 250mn的管子，Sch40相当于STD，DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"
一的教案幼儿园
一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。
教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。
在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。
知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。
知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。
例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。
教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。
比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。
方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。
可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。
方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。
例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。
教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。
例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。
总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。
因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。
1班押韵口号
《1班押韵口号》其一，一班一班，活力满满，知识赛场，如虎下山。
就像运动健儿在赛场上全力冲刺，咱一班在知识的赛道上也毫不畏惧，每次考试都能像勇士攻克堡垒般，拿下难题，取得佳绩，难道咱会输给别人？其二，一班众将，气势高昂，团结如钢，光芒万丈。
记得那次拔河比赛，大家齐心协力，手臂上青筋暴起，如同坚固的链条，把对手一点点拉过来，这团结的力量，谁能阻挡？其三，一班同窗，志在翱翔，学习之洋，扬帆起航。
如同勇敢的航海者面对浩瀚大海，咱一班面对学习的海洋，拿起书本做船桨，划向那成功的远方，怎会在半路迷失方向？其四，一班伙伴，心手相牵，困难当前，勇往直前。
有同学摔倒受伤，大家纷纷伸出援手，没有丝毫犹豫，就像一群守护彼此的天使，这样的一班，啥困难能难倒咱？其五，一班儿郎，才情飞扬，文艺殿堂，闪耀华光。
上次文艺汇演，唱歌跳舞朗诵样样行，那歌声似百灵鸟婉转，舞姿像蝴蝶翩跹，舞台上的咱是不是超棒？其六，一班学子，毅力似石，学业之崎，稳步登陟。
不管是背单词还是做习题，都像登山者攀爬高峰，一步一个脚印，从不放弃，这种毅力，是不是很牛？其七，一班团队，智慧荟萃，思维之汇，灵感迸飞。
课堂讨论时，大家你一言我一语，各种新奇想法碰撞，如同烟花绽放，这样的智慧火花，能不绚烂？其八，一班挚友，欢乐长守，校园里头，笑声长有。
课间休息，教室里充满欢声笑语，大家分享趣事，那笑声能把屋顶掀翻，这样的快乐时光，谁不羡慕？其九，一班群星，璀璨亮晶晶，梦想之境，携手同行。
每个人都有自己的梦想，像星星在夜空闪烁，大家相互鼓励，一起向梦想进发，咱能不实现梦想吗？其十，一班骄子，青春如诗，成长之枝，结满果实。
在这美好的青春岁月，一班同学努力成长，就像果树在春天开花夏天结果，收获的季节，咱肯定能满载而归。
一班的口号，喊出的是咱的士气，展现的是咱的风采，凝聚的是咱的力量，这力量能让一班在任何时候都勇往直前，创造属于自己的辉煌。
高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start
Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。
1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。
脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。
商务英语综合教程1课后翻译
Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。
新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照
Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。
在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。
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大桥施工方案1.编制依据及编制范围1.1.编制依据高速公路的地质情况和本工程设计施工图、设计标准及施工规范。
1.2.编制范围高速公路大桥下部结构（桩基础、墩台）、上部结构、桥面系及附属工程施工。
2.工程概况2.1.工程概述本桥位于承德至秦皇岛高速公路秦皇岛段13标段，中心桩号K178+167，交角90º，全长307m。
上部结构为10³30m预应力混凝土先简支后连续T梁；下部结构为肋板式台，双柱式墩，钻孔灌注桩基础。
本桥平面位于R=1000m 左偏圆曲线和A=648.074缓和曲线上，纵断面纵坡0.8%。
墩台均按径向布置。
桥址区年平均气温一般为8.9ºC，测区极端最低气温-29.2ºC，极端最高气温40.2ºC，最冷1月，平均气温-9.1ºC，最热7月，平均气温24.8ºC，季节性最大冻土深1.08m。
桥址区属燕山山脉东段的盆地地貌区，地势起伏。
地层为太古界变质岩体，岩性为片麻岩，岩土体分布稳定。
2.2.主要技术指标1 设计荷载：公路-Ⅰ级。
2 桥面宽度：2³（0.5m护栏+11.75m行车道+0.5m护栏）+0.5m分隔带，桥梁宽度26.0m。
3 桥面横坡：超高4%。
4 地震动峰值加速度：0.10g。
2.3.主要材料上部结构：1 混凝土：预制T梁、横隔板采用C50混凝土，现浇接缝、墩顶湿接缝采用C50膨胀混凝土。
桥面铺装上层采用沥青混凝土，下层采用C50防水混凝土。
砂、石骨料就地取材，但应经过试验，并符合《公路桥涵施工技术规范》中有关条款要求。
2 预应力钢绞线：采用经过省部级鉴定的专业厂家生产的公称直径15.24mm，公称面积140mm2，抗拉强度标准值1860Mpa，高强度低松弛钢绞线。
3 普通钢筋：除特殊要求外，普通钢筋应满足下列要求。
直径≥12mm者采用HRB335钢筋。
直径<12mm者采用R235钢筋。
4 钢板：钢板采用A3钢板或16锰钢。
5预应力锚具：采用经过省部级鉴定的专业厂家生产的圆锚、扁锚锚具及其配套锚垫板、螺旋筋。
预应力管道采用预埋真空压浆波纹管（扁形和圆形两种规格）成孔。
6 伸缩缝：采用经过省部级鉴定的专业厂家生产的80型和160型异型钢伸缩装置。
7 支座：采用经过省部级鉴定的专业厂家生产的板式橡胶支座和橡胶加四氟板滑式支座。
下部结构：1 混凝土：⑴桥台：盖梁、耳背墙采用C30混凝土，承台、桩基础采用C25混凝土。
⑵桥墩：盖梁、墩柱、柱系梁采用C30混凝土，底系梁、桩基础采用C25混凝土。
2 普通钢材：同上部结构。
2.4.交通运输主要材料通过国道及沿线修建的临时便道用汽车运输至施工现场。
2.5.水、电、地材资源利用情况2.5.1.施工及生活用水施工用水采用桥下既有河水，生活用水采用打井取水。
2.5.2.电力情况施工用电从项目部沿线布设的变压器就近引线。
2.5.3.材料来源钢筋、水泥、地材、混凝土皆由项目部统一供应。
3.施工方案3.1.施工安排本工程拟定于2010年3月15日开工，2011年9月15日完工，施工配备人工挖孔机架12套，冲击钻机4台，吊车2台，4套墩柱模板，一套桥台模板及两组配套施工人员进行施工，每组人员最少20人，钢筋加工班8人。
3.2.临时工程3.2.1.临时用电生活、小型用电和施工用电由项目部沿线布设的变压器引线，并自备50千瓦发电机一台，以备停电时使用。
3.2.2.临时通信项目部、施工队的各专业人员均备手提电话，可随时与项目经理部、监理等部门进行工作联系，及材料供应部门进行业务联系和内部施工协调及调动。
3.2.3.施工便道施工便道沿线路布设。
3.2.4..施工房屋部置施工及生活用房，租用选矿厂厂房。
3.3.项目组织机构本标段项目经理部项目经理1人，项目副经理2人，总工程师1人，设五部二室一站。
头道河1#大桥项目下设1个桥梁施工队。
施工组织机构见图。
项目组织机构框图 图4-1项目经理项目总工 项目副经理施 工 技 术 部质量管理 部安全监察 部计划财务 部物资设备 部综合办公室精 测 组试 验 站大 桥 队序号姓名职务备注1 何玉贵项目经理兼党工委书记2 布新功项目副经理3 吴中林项目副经理4 于海滨总工程师5 王学利施工技术部长6 张延超安全监察部长7 王和兵物资设备部长8 李伟立计划财务部长9 雷波试验站长10 杨志峰测量组长11 韩晓雷办公室主任预制场主要管理人员表表4-2序号姓名职责备注1 邵和川场长，负责预制场全面工作2 张延超安全总监，负责安全监控3 于海滨负责技术协调和质量监控4 韩晓雷负责现场文明施工现场协调、对外宣传5 苗发青负责现场材料供应6 刘龙山负责现场技术指导、质量监控序号姓名职责备注1 李自来负责洋河大桥的全面工作2 李海山头道河1#大桥项目总工3 安同竞头道河1#大桥安全负责人4 杨道水现场材料员5 夏继伟质检员本工程投放80人，施工高峰为120人，拟定投入2个桩基施工队（一个钻孔队、一个挖孔队）、一个桥梁施工队。
3.4.主要机械设备详见表3.4-1洋河大桥机械设备一览表。
3.5.总工期安排头道河1#大桥下部结构拟定于2010年3月15日开工，2011年6月15日竣工。
施工工期15个月。
4.施工方法和技术措施根据设计文件要求，经过现场踏勘，结合实地测量，头道河1#大桥跨头道河有水段采用机械钻孔桩施工。
其余桩基础和其他桥梁桩基础由于钻孔施工困难，采用挖孔施工。
钻孔采用JKZ-8型冲击钻孔冲击成孔；挖孔采用人工和钻爆结合的方式进行。
4.1钻孔灌注桩施工4.1.1施工工艺流程（见图3-01）4.1.2施工准备根据设计提供的线路资料计算各钻孔位置的中心坐标与设计坐标进行校核，确保计算无误。
在设计交桩后，利用复测后的线路导线点布设桥梁控制网。
利用控制网的各控制点对全桥各桩位进行初步放样，并测设各桩位处的实际地表高程。
4.1.2.1施工场地准备1.机械开挖场地，人工平整使桩位处基本位于同一水平面。
对松软部位进行夯实，使基础具有一定的承载能力。
2.人工配合机械在桥下红线内开挖泥浆储备池、沉淀池，并使沉淀池、储浆池和护筒的出浆口连接通畅。
钻孔桩施工工艺框图 图3-013.利用控制网采用全站仪精确测放出各桩位中心位置，并测放出“十字”护桩。
测量放样 平整场地 埋设护筒 制作钢护筒钻机就位 钻机钻进制备泥浆泥浆循环清孔、终孔检查验收 安装钢筋笼 钢筋笼制作 安 装 导 管灌注水下砼 拔出钢护筒 质量检验 桩头破除拌制混凝土制作砼试件试件检测二次清孔4.1.2.2护筒的加工和埋设1.护筒的加工护筒采用8mm钢板卷制，直径大于钻头直径20～40㎝，长200-400 cm。
护筒顶部外侧焊接加强肋，设置40³20cm泥浆溢出口。
2.护筒埋设全桥护筒采用挖孔填筑法埋设。
按测量定位的中心位置采用石灰撒出护筒位置线。
对于软弱土质部位采用人工进行开挖，开挖时尽量保留中心桩位的土方不挠动；对于硬性土质或石方部位采用机械开挖，并降低埋设。
当挖至既定位置深度后，下放护筒就位，回填粘性土并夯实，护筒顶高出地面30㎝。
护筒中心与桩位中心偏差不大于50mm，护筒倾斜度不大于1％。
4.1.2.3泥浆池处理及泥浆制备1.泥浆指标钻孔泥浆的指标见下表：泥浆性能指标表表3-01钻孔方法泥浆性能指标相对密度粘度Pa²s静切力（Pa）含砂率（%）胶体率（%）失水率ml/30min酸碱度（pH）说明冲击1.10-1.20 18-241.0-2.5≤4 ＞95 ＜20 8-102.造浆施工前，在钻孔桩施工场地附近准备适量粘土。
制浆前，先把粘土尽量打碎，使其在搅拌中容易成浆，缩短成浆时间，提高泥浆质量。
制浆时，可将打碎的粘土直接投入护筒内，使用冲击锥冲击制浆，待粘土已冲搅成泥浆时，即可进行钻孔。
多余的泥浆用导入钻孔外泥浆池贮存，以便随时补充孔内泥浆。
桩基施工后，将泥浆池中的泥浆全部清除，并进行回填处理，回填分层夯实，保证地基的承载力。
4.1.3成孔施工4.1.3.1钻机就位钻机吊车安装就位，用测量仪器将护桩点引到孔口护筒上，形成十字交叉来进行钻机主绳定位。
钻机定位偏差小于50mm，钻机底盘基本水平，以保证钻架的竖直线倾斜不大于1%。
钻头采用质量8吨的十字型锤头，边刃、底刃用轨道钢或耐磨焊块堆焊，施工过程中经常检查，如有缺失，立即补焊，保证钻孔直径满足设计要求。
4.1.3.2钻进施工4.1.3.2.1开孔开孔前所有设备必须全部到位。
粘土的性能指标必须达到如下标准：造浆能力不低于2.5L/kg，制成的泥浆含砂率不大于4％，胶体率不低于95％。
开孔时向孔内投入粘土与片石的比例为2：1的掺合物，加清水用低冲程（0.5～1.0m）冲击造浆，泥浆比重1.6左右，钻进0.5～0.7m再回填片石、粘土反复冲击。
开孔后孔内泥浆液面高度控制在护筒口以下0.5米（且高出水面0.5～1.0米）。
开孔3～5米以内控制循环进尺0.5米，且需用粘土、片石回填两至三次。
让片石嵌入孔壁，粘土粘接成整体，基本形成均匀致密坚固的人工造壁，并隔离孔内外水渗透。
粘土造成的泥浆用以平衡孔外水头压力。
4.1.3.2.2冲击过程为防止冲击过程中发生掉钻情况，冲击前将抓钩、吊车等打捞设备运至施工现场。
冲击过程中，冲头冲击使孔内地层破碎成为钻渣，随着冲击时间的延长，钻渣越来越多、且逐渐变小，当孔内泥浆中含渣量超过20％时，采用底开单扇活门抽渣筒捞渣换浆。
每次捞渣彻底，使新加入的粘土、片石能下到孔底。
抽渣时加入补足孔内泥浆液面以保持水头压力。
在卵石土地层中钻进要注意粘土加量，循环进尺控制在0.8m，冲程控制在2～3m，泥浆比重1.4。
每个循环加入优质粘土约2～3m3。
如遇较大漂石要用与漂石同等硬度的块、片石回填反复冲击，形成圆直的钻孔。
在正常钻进过程中要“多次少量”捞渣，将捞渣用清水洗净，检查是否与设计地质情况相符，如果发现地质情况与设计不符，应及时通知监理工程师进行变更。
经常检查钢绳与钻头连接部分的活动情况及钢绳磨损情况。
另外孔径也必须控制好，用钢筋笼探孔器检测。
在钻进孔深5m左右时，用探孔器探孔。
检测时以探孔器能顺利通过为准，说明钻进孔径满足设计的要求。
探孔器采用Ø20钢筋加工制作而成，直径与设计孔径一致，长度为钢筋笼直径的4～6倍，每隔1米设一道箍筋，箍筋位于竖向主筋内侧，钢筋焊接牢固，形状见图：孔径、孔深、倾斜度以及沉淀厚度经监理工程师检查合格后进行清孔。
4.1.3.3清孔孔底沉渣的厚度直接关系到成桩后的沉降，施工中采取下列方法控制孔底沉渣的厚度。
4.1.3.3.1清孔方法采用正循环的方法进行清孔。
第一次清孔在终孔后进行，将钻头提起10-30cm 以中速度压入泥浆。