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临床试验相关词汇中英对照

临床试验相关词汇中英对照

临床试验词汇中英文对照Accuracy准确度Active control, AC 阳性对照,活性对照Adverse drug reaction,ADR 药物不良反应Adverse event,AE不良事件Adverse medical events 不良医学事件Adverse reaction 药物不良反应Alb 白蛋白ALD(Approximate Lethal Dose) 近似致死剂量ALP碱性磷酸酶Alpha spendingfunction 消耗函数ALT丙氨酸氨基转换酶Analysis sets 统计分析的数据集Approval 批准Assistant investigator助理研究者AST天门冬酸氨基转换酶ATR衰减全反射法AUCss稳态血药浓度-时间曲线下面积Audit稽查Audit or inspection 稽查/视察Audit report稽查报告Auditor 稽查员Bias 偏性,偏倚Bioequivalence 生物等效应Blank control 空白对照Blindcodes编制盲底Blindreview盲态审核Blind review 盲态检查Blinding method 盲法Blinding/ masking 盲法,设盲Block分段Block 层Blocksize 每段的长度BUN 尿素氮Carryovereffect延滞效应Case history 病历Case report form病例报告表Case reportform/ case record form, CRF病例报告表,病例记录表Categoricalvariable分类变量Cav 平均浓度CD 圆二色谱CL(clearance)清除率Clinicalequivalence 临床等效性Clinical study 临床研究Clinical studyreport 临床试验的总结报告Clinical trial临床试验Clinicaltrial application,CTA临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption,CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol, CTP临床试验方案Clinicaltrial/ study report临床试验报告Cmax峰浓度Co-investigator 合作研究者Comparison对照Compliance依从性Compositevariable 复合变量Computer-assisted trial design,CATD 计算机辅助试验设计Confidence interval 可信区间Confidence level 置信水平Consistency test一致性检验Contract research organization,CRO合同研究组织Contract/ agreement协议/合同Control group 对照组Coordinatingcommittee 协调委员会Crea 肌酐CRF(case reportform)病例报告表Crossover design 交叉设计Cross-over study交叉研究Css 稳态浓度Cure痊愈Data management 数据管理Database建立数据库Descriptivestatisticalanalysis描述性统计分析DF 波动系统Dichotomies 二分类Diviation 偏差Documentation记录/文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量-反应关系Double blinding 双盲Double dummy双模拟Doubledummytechnique双盲双模拟技术Double-blinding双盲Drop out 脱落DSC 差示扫描热量计Effectiveness疗效Electronic data capture, EDC电子数据采集系统Electronicdata processing, EDP 电子数据处理系统Emergencyenvelope 应急信件Endpoint终点Endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标Equivalence 等效性Essentialdocumentation 必须文件Ethics committee 伦理委员会Excellent 显效Exclusioncriteria 排除标准Factorial design析因设计Failure 无效,失败Final point 终点Fixed-dose procedure固定剂量法Forced titration 强制滴定Fullanalysis set 全分析集GC-FTIR气相色谱-傅利叶红外联用GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用Genericdrug通用名药Global assessment variable 全局评价变量GLU血糖Good clinicalpractice,GCP药物临床试验质量管理规范Goodmanufacture practice, GMP 药品生产质量管理规范Goodnon-clinical laboratory practice,GLP药物非临床研究质量管理规范Group sequentialdesign 成组序贯设计Healtheconomicevaluation,HEV健康经济学评价Hypothesis test 假设检验Hypothesis testing 假设检验International ConferenceofHarmonization, ICH 人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会,国际协调会议Improvement 好转Inclusion criteria入选标准Independent ethics committee, IEC 独立伦理委员会Information consent form, ICF知情同意书Information gathering 信息收集Informed consent, IC知情同意Initial meeting 启动会议Inspection 视察/检查Institutioninspection 机构检查Institution review board,IBR机构审查委员会Intention to treat 意向治疗(——临床领域)Intention-to–treat,ITT 意向性分析(- 统计学)Interactivevoiceresponsesystem, IVRS 互动式语音应答系统Interimanalysis 期中分析Investigator研究者Investigator's brochure,IB 研究者手册IR 红外吸收光谱Ka吸收速率常Lastobservation carry forward, LOCF最接近一次观察的结转LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用LD50 板数致死剂量Logic check逻辑检查LOQ(Limit of Quantitation)定量限LOCF,Last observation carry forward最近一次观察的结转Lost offollow up 失访Marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证Matchedpair匹配配对Missing value缺失值Mixed effect model 混合效应模式Monitor 监查员Monitoring 监查Monitoring report 监查报告MRT平均滞留时间MS 质谱MS-MS 质谱-质谱联用MTD(Maximum Tolerated Dose) 最大耐受剂量Multicenter trial 多中心试验Multi-center trial多中心试验New chemical entity,NCE 新化学实体New drug application,NDA 新药申请NMR 核磁共振谱Non-clinicalstudy非临床研究Non-inferiority 非劣效性Non-parametric statistics非参数统计方法Obedience 依从性ODR旋光光谱Open-blinding 非盲Open-label非盲Optional titration 随意滴定Original medical record 原始医疗记录Outcome 结果Outcome assessment 结果指标评价Outcome measurement 结果指标Outlier 离群值Parallel groupdesign 平行组设计Parameter estimation 参数估计Parametric statistics 参数统计方法Patient file病人档案Patient history 病历Per protocol,PP符合方案集Placebo 安慰剂Placebocontrol安慰剂对照Polytomies 多分类Power检验效能Precision 精密度Preclinical study临床前研究Primary endpoint 主要终点Primaryvariable 主要变量Principal investigator 主要研究者Principle investigator, PI主要研究者Productlicense, PL 产品许可证Protocol 试验方案Protocol试验方案Protocolamendment方案补正Qualityassurance unit,QAU 质量保证部门Qualityassurance,QA 质量保证Quality control, QC 质量控制Querylist,query form 应用疑问表Randomization 随机化Randomization随机Range check范围检查Rating scale 量表Regulatoryauthorities,RA 监督管理部门Replication可重复RSD 日内和日间相对标准差Run in准备期Safety evaluation 安全性评价Safety set安全性评价的数据集Samplesize样本含量Sample size 样本量,样本大小Scaleof ordered categorical ratings 有序分类指标Secondaryvariable次要变量Sequence试验次序Serious adverse event, SAE 严重不良事件Seriousadverse reaction,SAR严重不良反应Seriousness 严重性Severity 严重程度Significant level检验水准Simplerandomization简单随机Singleblinding 单盲Single-blinding单盲Site audit试验机构稽查SOP试验室的标准操作规程Sourcedata verification, SDV原始数据核准Source data,SD 原始数据Source document,SD 原始文件Specificity特异性Sponsor申办者Sponsor-investigator 申办研究者Standard curve标准曲线Standard operatingprocedure, SOP标准操作规程Statistic 统计量Statistical analysis plan 统计分析计划Statisticalanalysis plan统计参数计划书Statistical analysisplan,SAP统计分析计划Statistical model 统计模型Statisticaltables 统计分析表Stratified 分层Studyaudit研究稽查Subgroup 亚组Sub-investigator助理研究者Subject受试者Subjectdiary受试者日记Subjectenrollment受试者入选Subject enrollmentlog受试者入选表Subject identificationcode, SIC 受试者识别代码Subject recruitment 受试者招募Subject screening log 受试者筛选表Superiority 检验Survival analysis 生存分析SXRD单晶X-射线衍射Systemaudit系统稽查T1/2 消除半衰期Target variable 目标变量T-BIL总胆红素T-CHO总胆固醇TG 热重分析TLC、HPLC制备色谱Tmax 峰时间TP总蛋白Transformation 变量变换Treatment group试验组Trial error 试验误差Trial master file试验总档案Trial objective试验目的Trialsite试验场所Tripleblinding 三盲Two one-side test 双单侧检验Unblinding 揭盲Unblinding破盲Unexpected adverse event, UAE预料外不良事件UV-VIS 紫外-可见吸收光谱Variability 变异Variable变量Visual analogyscale直观类比打分法Visual check人工检查Vulnerable subject弱势受试者Wash-out清洗期Washout period 洗脱期Well-being 福利,健康临床采血相关词汇Intravenous injection(IV)静脉注射Intravenousdrip/Intravenously guttae(ivgtt)静脉滴注intramscular injection(IM)肌内注射intradermal injections 皮内注射subcutaneous injections(SC)皮下注射disposable sterile injector一次性无菌注射针ﻫinjection set注射器ﻫdi sposablevenousinfusion needle一次性静脉输液针ﻫdisposable i nfusionset一次性使用输液器ﻫblood transfusion set输血器infusionbag液袋ﻫurine drainage bag集尿袋bloodbag血袋ﻫmedical catheter医用导管ﻫstainless steelneedle不锈钢医用针管ﻫblood taking needle/blood collectionneedle采血针Needle Holder持针器Blood samples血样样本sample drawing/collection 采血/抽血needles针vacutainerneedles真空采血针tubes导管vacutainer tubes真空管vacutainer holder真空持针器tourniquet止血带disinfectionswabs消毒海绵microporetapedentalrollsadhesivedressing胶布敷料rubber gloves 橡皮手套pillow枕头stopper 塞子(采血管的塞子)vacuum tubes真空管non-vacuumtubes 非真空管needledisposal box穿刺针处理盒(利器处理盒) transfer and storage tubes 转移和存储管pipette 吸管吸液管移液管disposable pipettes一次性使用吸管centrifuge离心机swinging bucket rotor浮桶式转头、吊桶式转头timer 计时器racks fortubes 试管架identificationcodes识别码mark/label the tubes标记导管freeze冷冻refrigerator冰箱freezer冰箱冷冻机Serum SeparationTube血清分离试管Serum血清Plasma血浆wholeblood全血be inverted 倒垂的倒置的clot 凝块凝结Coagulate 凝固凝结clotting time 凝血时间minimally 最低限度地最低程度地maximally最高限度地最高程度地Separation of serumorplasma 分离血清或血浆Hemolysis 溶血hemolyzed samples 溶血样本assays含量测定analysis 分析(名词)analyze分析(动词)analyzing分析(动名词)non-frozen samples非冷冻样本chemistrylaboratories化学实验室Analyticalprocedures分析程序Qualification 资质资格Personnelin the laboratory实验室人员Field personnel 现场工作人员Internal qualitycontrol 内部质量控制External quality control 外部质量控制Hepatitis B乙肝HepatitisC 丙肝Positive 阳性Negative阴性Measurement 测量pulse rate脉搏Bloodpressure 血压systolic blood pressure 收缩压diastolic bloodpressure 舒张压hypertensives 高血压hypotension 低血压antihypertensive drug抗高血压药mercury sphygmomanometer 水银式血压计mercury column水银柱serum total cholesterol 血清总胆固醇lipid lowering drug 降脂药Obesity 肥胖症Blood Glucose 血糖BMI (body massindex) 体重指数Overweight 超重samplesize样本大小statistically 统计上地,统计地statistical precision统计精度sub-groups亚群Recruitment招募Ethical 伦理的道德的Legal法律的合法的Data inelectronicformat 电子版数据back-updata 备查资料常用临床医学英文术语cough咳嗽asthma哮喘pneumonia肺炎heartdisease心脏病arrhythmia心律不齐indigestion 消化不良gastritis胃炎appendicitis盲肠炎hepatitis肝炎dermatitis皮炎freckle/ephelis 痣,雀斑acne粉刺flu 流感diarrhoea痢疾quarantine检疫vaccinate打疫苗endemic 水土不服relapse复发症casualty急症stupor 昏迷sprain 扭伤scalding 烫伤graze擦伤scratch 搔挠trauma外伤bruise 淤伤fracture骨折dislocation脱臼tinnitus耳鸣trachoma沙眼colour blindness色盲nearsightedness/myopia近视astigmatism散光gingivitis牙龈炎cavity 龋齿fever发烧discomfort/disorder 不适malnutrition营养不良incubation 潜伏期asthenia 虚弱poisoning 中毒fatigue疲劳heat stroke 中暑itching 发痒ache/pain痛tetanus破伤风nightsweat 盗汗chill 打冷颤pale 脸色发白shuddering发抖inflammation 炎症acute 急症chronic慢性病congenital先天性病nausea恶心vomit 呕吐diseases疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases病沉重期,晚期疾病chronicdiseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functionaldiseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inheriteddiseases 遗传病malignantdiseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases阵发性病periodicaldiseases周期病primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病secondarydiseases继发病sexual(venereal,social)diseases 性病terminal diseases绝症wastingdiseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint主诉clinical manifestation临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personalhistory个人史symptoms 症状cardinalsymptom 主要症状classical symptom典型症状concomitant symptom伴发症状constitutional(systemic)symptom 全身症状indirect symptom间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状localsymptom 局部症状mentalsymptom精神症状symptom-complex(syndrome)symptom综合症,症候群signs体征antecedent前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative后遗症signof death 死征diagnostic诊断征signof disease病征subjective自觉征,主观征vein sign静脉征vitalsign 生命体征body length (height ofthe body)身高body weight 体重barrel chest桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsiveposition被动体位critical facies病危面容emaciation消瘦enophthalmos眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face面色潮红gain(loss)in weight增加(减轻)体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗dizziness,vertigo 眩晕lassitude,fatigue 无力,倦怠malaise不适night sweat 盗汗numbness麻木rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching痒,somasthenia躯体无力tingling麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion充血dehydration 脱水distention膨胀edema水肿embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成fluidand electrolyteimbalance水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma血肿hemorrhage,bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞,梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis转移perforation穿孔necrosis坏死shock 休克response 反应,应答reaction 反应,感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-gradefever 低热remittentfever 驰张热relapsing fever回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,…) pain胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffusedpain弥漫性钝痛pleuriticpain胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina绞痛cardiacangina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛,急腹痛earache耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum带血的痰cough咳嗽drycough干咳expectoration咳痰expectorationof blood咳血hemoptysis咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暂停,窒息asthma气喘,哮喘Cheyne Stokesrespiration切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpneahyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全,呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧,缺氧orthopnea端坐呼吸respiratoryarrest呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea呼吸急促fetidbreath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全cardiacarrest心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀,青紫distensionof jugular vein颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少palpitation心悸tachycardia心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill震颤absent breath sounds呼吸音消失dullsound 浊音hyperresonant鼓音rale啰音rhonchus,rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia,loss of appetite食欲不振,厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气,屁gaseousdistention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃,回流thirsty口渴vomiting 呕吐analfissure,crack in the anal canal肛裂ascites腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophagealvarices食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘,瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominalwall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde(reversed)peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapseof anus脱肛rectalprolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus结石,石biliarycalculus胆结石vesicalcalculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea腹泻incontinence of feces大便失禁hematochezia便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occultblood 潜血painful strainingwith defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecalvomiting, stercoraceousvomiting呕粪,吐粪foulfatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black)stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burningsensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea排尿困难,尿痛enuresis, bedwetting遗尿frequency ofurination尿频micturation 排尿uresis,urination,voiding排尿nocturia夜尿oliguria少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremiacoma 尿毒症昏迷urgency ofurination尿急urinaryincontinence尿失禁aciduria酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经,月经过多menstruation月经uterinecontraction子宫收缩blotch斑点bruise挫伤,青肿acne痤疮,粉刺desquamation脱皮,脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈nevus痣papule丘疹petechia 瘀点,瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule脓疱purpura紫癫rednodule红结节roseola玫瑰疹scar伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spideranaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo白斑blindness 失明blurredvision, visualdisturbance视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光,羞明retinal detachment视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss听力丧失tinnitus耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血impaired smelling嗅觉障碍nasal discharge鼻涕nasalobstruction 鼻塞sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice失音症hoarseness嘶哑gum bleeding齿龈出血herpeslabialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line ofthe gum龈铅线salivation,drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue草莓舌tremulous tongue舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形,变形dislocation脱位fracture 骨折closed(simple)fracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开(开放性)骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis假体spasm 痉挛tetany(肌)强直,手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉,意识convulsion 抽搐,惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint昏厥hallucination幻觉hemiplegia偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱lossof orientation定向丧失mania躁狂memorydefects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡,嗜睡stupor 木僵,昏呆tetraplegia四肢瘫痪unconsciousness失去知觉yawning打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral(febrile,hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive,thyrotoxic,……) crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象failure 衰竭,故障centra(circulatory,cardiac, myocardiac,peripheral,con gestive, renal,respiratory)failure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation听诊inspection视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratoryexamination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal(vaginal)touch 直肠(阴道)指诊impression 印象tentativediagnosis暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断finaldiagnosis最后诊断prognosis预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period潜伏期prodromal stage前驱期incipientstage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻,缓和remission缓解attack发作convalescence (recovery)stage恢复期rehabilitation康复relapse复发sudden death 猝死moribund濒死的courseof the disease 病程course of thetreatment 疗程indication适应症,指征complication并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症therapies治疗方法acupuncture therapy针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy(chemo-therapy)化学疗法combinedtherapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment,alleviativetreatment 姑息疗法physicaltherapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radicaltreatment根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiacmassage心脏按摩cardiac pacing心脏起博electrotherapy电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis血液透析hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法insulin-shocktreatment胰岛素休克疗法light therapy光疗法Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪ﻫbloodsugar(glucose) analyzer血糖分析仪ﻫteststrip测试条reagent 试剂Semi-automaticBiochemicalAnalyzer半自动生化分析仪ﻫAutomaticBlood Cell Analyzer全自动血细胞分析仪ﻫUrine sedimentsanalyzer 尿沉渣Bio-safety Cabinet 生物安全柜Incubator培养箱ﻫHigh Frequency Electrotome高频电刀ﻫshadowless lamp无影灯ﻫHighspeed refrigerated centrifuge高速冷冻离心机ﻫhot airsterilizer热空气消毒箱microbiological incubator微生物培养箱ﻫHalogenlight 卤素灯ﻫneedle destroyer针头销毁器automaticpacker自动纸塑包装机ﻫscalp vein set头皮针uniprocessor version单机版ﻫnetwork version网络版ﻫmacromolecule-s olvent 高分子溶解的ﻫmacromoleculecoldaccumulation 高分子蓄冷cold treatment冷疗法ﻫice pack冰袋ﻫeyeshade 眼罩ﻫMedical injection pump医用灌注泵ﻫlithotrite碎石机extracorporealshock wave lithotrite体外冲击碎石机ﻫBallisticintracroporeal lithotrite 气压冲击体内碎石机ﻫLaparoscope 腹腔镜Urology泌尿外科ﻫkidney stones肾结石Multi-parametermonitor, 多参数监护仪ﻫmaternal monitor/fetal monitor母亲/胎儿监护仪ﻫICUmonitor 重症监护仪anesthetic equipment麻醉机respirator呼吸机ﻫelectroniccolposcope电子阴道镜ﻫsmog absorber 烟雾吸收器digitalfilm room 数字胶片室Permanent Magnet Open MagneticResonancesystem永磁开放式磁共振系统UltrasonicColorDoppler Diagnosticsystem彩色超声多普勒诊断系统ﻫMobile CT system 移动CT系统ﻫX-ray Mammary Machine 乳腺X 线机Mammography乳腺ﻫhigh precision Stereotaxic 高精度脑立体定向仪portableType-B ultrasonic 便携式B超ﻫSterilization andDis infection Equipment消毒灭菌设备ﻫRadiotherapeutic equipment.放射疗法设备ﻫpharmaceuticalequipments.制药设备horizontalpressurized steam sterilizer普通卧式压力蒸汽灭菌器medical electronic linear accelerator医用电子直线加速器highfrequency X-rays diagnostic machine高频X射线诊断机simulated positioner模拟定位机ﻫhigh frequency mobileX-rays m achine高频移动X射线机医疗卫生人员职衔职称主任医师(讲课):Professor of Medicine ﻫ主任医师(医疗):Profes sorofTreatmentﻫ儿科主任医师:Professorof Paediatricsﻫ主治医师:Doctor-in-charge外科主治医师:Surgeon-in-charge内科主治医师:Physician-in-chargeﻫ眼科主治医师:Oculist-in-charge妇科主治医师:Gynaecologist-in-chargeﻫ牙科主治医师:Dent ist-in-chargeﻫ医师:Doctorﻫ医士:AssistantDoctor 主任药师:Professor of Pharmacyﻫ主管药师:Pharmacist-in-charge药师:Pharmacistﻫ药士:Assistant Pharmacist主任护师:Professor ofNursingﻫ主管护师:Nurse-in-chargeﻫ护师:Nurse Practitioner护士:Nurseﻫ主任技师:Senior Technologistﻫ主管技师:Technologist-in-chargeﻫ技师:Technologist技士:Technician常用抗菌药物青霉素类青霉素(G) Penicillin(G)Benzylpenicillin, 苄青霉素,盘尼西林青霉素V PenicillinVPhenoxymethylpenicillin, Blinvan,Osp en, 苯氧甲基青霉素苄星青霉素BenzathinePenicillin 长效西林, 长效青霉素,比西林, LPG,苄星青氨苄西林Ampicillin安比西林,氨苄青霉素,安必仙, 安必林,安比林阿莫西林Amoxicillin 特力士, 弗来莫星,羟氨苄青霉素, 益萨林, 阿莫仙, 安福喜,本原莫星巴氨西林Bacampicillin美洛平, 氨卡西林, 氨苄青霉素甲戊酯阿洛西林Azlocillin 阿乐欣,咪氨苄西林,氧咪苄青霉素, Azlin美洛西林Mezlocillin天林, Baypen,Mezlin,Baycipen替卡西林Ticarcillin羧噻吩青霉素, 的卡西林, Nonapen,Ticarpen酞氨西林Talampicillin 氨苄青霉素酞酯, 酞氨苄青霉素, 酞氨苄西林,TAPC, Talpen夫苄西林Furbenicillin 呋脲苄青霉素,呋苄青霉素, 呋氨西林, 呋喃酰脲苄青霉素氟氯西林Flucloxacillin 氟氯苯唑青霉素,氟沙星, 福氯平,Floxapen 羧苄西林Carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素,卡比西林, 羧苄青阿扑西林Aspoxicillim 天冬羟氨青霉素,Doyle, ASPC匹氨西林Pivampicillin氨苄西林酯, 匹凡西林, 匹呋西林, 吡呋氨卡西林双氯西林Dicloxacillin双氯青, Dynapen,Consaphyl, Stampen,Diflor甲氧西林Meticillin新青霉素Ⅰ,美替西林,Azapen,Penysol苯唑西林钠Oxacillin Sodium 新青霉素Ⅱ, 苯唑青霉素钠,苯甲异噁唑青霉素奈夫西林Nafcillin 新青霉素Ⅲ, 乙氧萘青霉素匹美西林Pivmecillinam 氮卓咪青霉素双酯, Celfuron,Melysin仑氨苄西林Lenampicillin Varacillin, Takacillin美西林MecillinamSelexidleo, Selexid,Coactin, Amdinocillin,氮卓脒青霉素哌拉西林钠Piperacillin Sodium氧哌嗪青霉素,哔哌西林, 哌氨苄青霉素Avocin, Orocin, Pipril氯唑西林钠Cloxacillin Sodium 邻氯青霉素钠,氯唑青, Orbenin阿帕西林钠Apalcillin Sodium萘啶青霉素钠,APPC,Lumota,Elumota, Palcin磺苄西林钠SulbenicillinSodium磺苄青霉素钠, 卡他西林, 格达西林Sulfocillin, Lilacillin, Kedacillin青霉素V钾Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassiume 6–苯氧乙酰胺基青霉烷酸钾, CillaphenDistaquaine VK, Compocillin VK,Dowpen VK Ci licaine VK, Apopen,Biopen海他西林钾Hetacillin Potassium 缩酮氨苄青霉素钾,Etacillin,V eisapen卡茚西林钠CarindacillinSodium Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium,Geopen, Geocillin治平霉素替莫西林二钠Temocillin Disodium Temopenﻫ头孢菌素类第一代头孢噻吩钠CefalotinSodium 先锋Ⅰ号,头孢金素,噻孢霉素,CET 头孢噻啶Cefaloridine 先锋Ⅱ号,头孢利素, CER, Kafspor头孢来星Cefaloglycine 先锋Ⅲ号, 头孢甘酸, Kafocin,Kefglycin头孢氨苄Cefalexin先锋Ⅳ号, 苯甘孢霉素, 头孢力新, CEX头孢唑啉钠Cefazolin Sodium 先锋Ⅴ号, 塞福宁,西华乐林, 先锋啉,凯复唑Cefalin, CEX, Cefamedin, Kefzol, Cramaxin头孢拉定Cefradine 先锋Ⅵ号,头孢雷定, 头孢瑞丁, 头孢环已烯,泛捷复,Velosef, CED,塞福定头孢乙腈Cefacetrile 先锋Ⅶ号, 头孢腈甲, 头孢赛曲头孢匹林Cefapirin先锋Ⅷ号, 头孢吡硫, Ceta-Dri头孢硫脒Cefathiamidine 先锋18, 吡脒头孢头孢克洛Cefaclor 赐福乐素, 新达乐,头孢氯氨苄,Ceclor,希刻劳,头孢克罗,可福乐, 氯头孢菌素, CCL头孢羟氨苄Cefadroxil Cefadril, Kefroxil, 羟氨苄头孢菌素, 欧意, CDX,Duracef, Bidocef,Cefamx头孢沙定Cefroxadine头孢环烯氨,ORASPON,CGP-9000, CXD头孢罗齐Cefprozil 头孢丙烯, Cefzil头孢替唑Ceftezole特子社复, Tezacef,Alomenﻫ第二代头孢呋辛钠Cefuroxime Sodium头孢呋肟, 赐福乐信, 舒贝洛,西力欣,特力欣, 明可欣,CXM, Zinacef,Monacef,Ketocef,Furex Kes iut, Supero头孢替安Cefotiam噻乙胺唑头孢菌素,头孢噻乙胺唑,泛司博林, 泛司颇灵,Pansparin, Halospor, CTM头孢呋辛酯Cefuroxime Axetil头孢呋肟酯, 新菌灵,西力达, 头孢呋新乙酰乙酯Zinnat头孢西丁Cefoxitin 头孢氧唑, 甲氧头霉噻吩,噻吩甲氧头孢菌素, 美福仙, 甲氧头霉噻吩,CXT,CFX头孢尼西二钠Cefonicid Disodium 铭乐希,Monocid, Cefonicid, Cefodie,Cefol头孢孟多Cefamandole 头孢羟唑,羟苄四唑头孢菌素, Mandolkef, CMT,Cefadole,Mandol头孢美唑钠Cefmetazole Sodium 先锋美他醇,氰唑甲氧头孢菌素,头孢氰四唑,头孢美他唑, CEFMETAZON,CMZ, Cemetol头孢布宗Cefbuperazone头孢拉宗,Keiperazon, Tomiporan,Cefobutazine, CBPZ头孢雷特Ceforanide 头孢氨甲苯唑, 头孢苄胺四唑,氨苄唑头孢菌素Precef第三代头孢地尼Cefdinir Cefzon头孢布坦Ceftibuten头孢布烯, Cedax头孢卡品Cefcapene Pivoxil 头孢卡喷新戊酰氧甲酯, Flomox头孢噻肟钠CefotaximeSodium头孢氨噻肟, 泰可欣, 塞福隆, 菌必灭, 治菌必妥, 凯福隆, 凯复龙,头孢噻肟, 喜福得, Claforan, CTX头孢曲松钠Ceftriaxone Sodium头孢三嗪, 头孢泰克松, 罗氏芬, 罗噻嗪,菌必治, 菌得治,头孢三嗪噻肟,泛生舒复, 西华瑞隆, Rocephin, Ro-139904, CTRX头孢哌酮钠CefoperazoneSodium 头孢氧哌唑, 先锋必, 头孢必,达诺欣,塞福必,Cefobid,T-1551, CPZ头孢他啶Ceftazidime 头孢塔齐定, 头孢羧甲噻肟, 复达欣, 凯复定, Glazidine, Fortaz,Eposerin,Modocin, Fotrum, Tazidime,CTZ, Sp ectrum, Eposerin,Modocin头孢唑肟Ceftizoxime头孢去甲噻肟, 益保世灵,安保速灵, Epocelin CZX, CEFTIZOX头孢克肟Cefixime头孢烯噻羟肟,世伏素,世福素, FK027,Suprax, CFIX ,CEFSPAN头孢甲肟Cefmenoxime头孢氨噻肟唑,倍司特克, BESTCALL, CMX头孢地嗪Cefodizime头孢双唑,莫敌, 莫敌威, Modivid,Timcef头孢匹胺Cefpiramide 先福吡兰,甲吡唑头孢菌素,头孢吡胺, CPM,Cefpiran, Sepatren头孢特仑酯Cefteram Pivoxil头孢特仑新戊酰氧甲酯, 托米仑,头孢他美酯,富山龙, Tomiron头孢磺吡苄钠Cefsulodin Sodium 头孢磺吡酮,头孢磺啶钠,磺吡苄头孢菌素钠,达克舒林, Cefsulodine, Takesulin, CFS, SCE129拉他头孢Latamoxef 羟羧氧酰胺菌素,拉氧头孢, 头孢拉坦, 噻吗灵Moxalactam,Shiomarin, Moxam, LMOX头孢米诺Cefminox 氨羧甲氧头孢菌素, 美土灵, Meicelin头孢咪唑Cefpimizole Benilan,SPIE, Ajicef头孢替坦二钠Cefotetan Disodium 双硫唑甲氧头孢霉素, Yamatetan,CTT, Cefotan第四代头孢唑喃钠CefuzonamSodium Cosmosin, CZON氟氧头孢钠Flomoxef Sodium氟莫克西,6315-S头孢匹罗Cefpirome 头孢吡隆,氨噻肟吡戊头孢ﻫ其它Β-内酰胺类亚胺培南Imipenem 伊米配能,亚胺硫霉素,NFT氯曲南Aztreonam菌克单, 君刻单, 噻肟单酰胺菌素,AZACTAM,Prim bactam,Primbactin, SQ-26776氟罗培南Faropenem 福劳派南, Farom苄西林/氯唑西林Ampicillin/Cloxacillin 复方安比西林,爱罗苏, 氨氯西林, 白罗仙, 淋必清, Pinocine亚胺培南/西司他丁Imipenem/Cilastatin 亚胺硫霉素/西拉司丁,泰能,TIENAM,PRIMAXIN阿莫西林/氟氯西林Amoxicillin/Flucloxacillin 氟羟西林,新灭菌, Biflocin, Infectrin三羟阿莫西林/单羟双氯西林Amoxycillin Trihydrate/Dicloxacillin康彼身, 克菌, CompliscanﻫΒ-内酰胺类抗生类+Β-内酰胺酶抑制剂氨苄西林/舒巴坦Ampicillin/Sulbactam 强力安必仙,舒他西林, 优力新,新凯兰欣,舒氨欣, Unasyn, Sultamicillin头孢哌酮/舒巴坦Cefoperazone/Sulbactam 舒普深, 舒哌酮,Sulperazone 头孢噻肟/舒巴坦Cefotaxime/Sulbactam 新治菌哌拉西林/他佐巴坦Piperacillin/Tazobactam Tazocin,YP-14阿莫西林/克拉维酸Amoxillin/ClavulanicAcid安灭菌, 安美汀, 奥格门汀, 安美汀,阿莫克拉Augmentin, BRL25000替卡西林/克拉维酸Ticarcillin/ClavulanicAcid 泰门汀,特泯菌,特美汀,Timentin舒巴坦Sulbactam 舒巴克坦, 陪他美,青霉烷砜氨基糖甙类链霉素Streptomycin RIMACTANE, RIFAMPINN, ovostrep庆大霉素Gentamycin 庆大霉素C, 瑞贝克,正泰霉素庆大霉素链Gentamicin Chains 塞透派勒链, Septopal妥布霉素Tobramycin 立可信软膏,点必舒眼药水(妥布+地塞米松)泰星,妥布拉霉素,托普霉素,NEBCIN,Factorb, Brulamycin, Tobra,Ne bramycin, Gernebcin, Obracine小诺霉素Micronomicin 小诺米星,沙加霉素, 相模霉素, Sagamicin, Kw-1062, MCR核糖霉素Ribostamycin 威他霉素, 维生霉素, Vistamycin, Ibistacin 大观霉素Spectinomycin 奇霉素, 壮观霉素, 淋必治,奈毒素, Spectram, 克淋, Trobicin,Kirin阿米卡星Amikacin 丁胺卡那霉素, Amikin,Likacin西索米星Sisomicin西梭霉素, 西索霉素, 紫苏霉素,Sisomin, Sipeptin奈替米星Netilmicin 乙基西梭霉素,奈特, 奈替霉素,乙基西素米星,立克菌星, 乙基紫苏毒素,Ethylsisomicin, Vectacin,Zetamicn,Certomycin,NETROMYCIN异帕米星Isepamicin 依克沙霉素, HAPA-B,Exacin阿司米星Astromicin 阿司霉素, 福提霉素,武夷霉素, 强壮霉素FORTIMICIN, Kw-1070, ASTM,Fortimicin地贝卡星Dibekacin双去氧卡那霉素B,Dideoxykanamycin B, DKB, 达苄霉素,Icacine依替米星Etimicin 悉能磷霉素类磷霉素Fosfomycin福赐美仙, Phosphonomycin, Fosfocina, FOM磷霉素氨基丁三醇Fosfomycin Tromethamine Monurol喹诺酮类第二代吡哌酸Pipemidic Acid PPAﻫ第三代诺氟沙星Nofloxacin 氟哌酸, 淋克星, Fulgram, Noroxin, AM-715 MK-0366,Brazan,Baccidal环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin 悉复欣, 悉普欣, 悉普宁,丽珠环丙, 特美力,环丙氟哌酸, 健宝灵, CIPRO,Bay-0-9867,Ciprobay,Ciproxin培氟沙星Pefloxacin培福新, 甲氟哌酸, 倍泰, Peflacine洛美沙星Lomefloxacin洛威,罗氟酸, 欣美罗, 多龙,Bareon芦氟沙星Rufloxacin 如氟沙星左旋氧氟沙星Levofloxacin 可乐必妥, 左氟沙星, Cravit依诺沙星Enoxacin 氟啶酸,福禄马,复克, FLUMARK, GYRAMID,Flu mark氟罗沙星Fleroxacin 复诺定,多氟哌酸, 喹诺敌, 麦加乐定,沃尔得FLX,Megelone,Quinodis, Ro-236240, AM-833氧氟沙星Ofloxacin氟嗪酸,秦利必妥, 泰利特, 奥复星,康泰必妥, 竹安新, TARIVID,赞诺欣,Zanoxin, Oflocin,泰利得,正康培氟沙星Pefloxacin 甲氟哌酸,培氟哌酸,培福新,倍宁,Pefalcine磺胺类柳氮磺胺吡啶Sulfasalazine SASP, 水杨酰偶氮磺胺吡啶, Rorasul Salicyl azosulfapyridine复方新诺明SMZ+TMP SMZ Co,Cotrim磺胺嘧啶Sulfadiazine 大安净, 地亚净, 磺胺哒嗪,SD磺胺甲噁唑Sulfamethoxazole 磺爱胺甲基异噁唑,新诺明, SMZ, SINOMI N磺胺米隆Mafenide 甲磺灭脓,Sulfamylon, 氯苄磺胺, SML磺胺嘧啶银Sulfadiazine SilverSD-Ag磺胺醋酰钠Sulfacetamide Sodium 碘胺乙酰, 斑马眼药水, 目宁, SA, SC-Na磺胺脒Sulfaguanidine 磺胺胍,克痢定, 消困定, 止痢片,SGﻫ甲氧苄啶类甲氧苄啶Trimethoprim甲氧苄氨嘧啶, 美替普林, 磺胺增效剂, TMP,三甲氧普林溴莫普林Brodimoprim Clafalix,BMP, Hyprim,溴莫卜宁ﻫ大环内酯类红霉素Erythromycin 福爱力,Eryc, EM琥乙红霉素Erythromycin Ethylsucinate 琥珀酸乙酯红霉素, 红霉素琥乙酯,乙琥威霉素, 利尹沙依托红霉素Erytromycin Estolate 无味红霉素,Laurylin, Mistral,Eriscel阿红霉素Azitromycin 阿泽红霉素, 阿奇霉素, 氮红霉素,舒美特, 希舒美, Sumamed白霉素Leucomycin吉他霉素,阿波霉素, 利可霉素, Kitasamycin, Yosaxin。

民办幼儿园生均成本监测审计报告

民办幼儿园生均成本监测审计报告

民办幼儿园生均成本监测审计报告英文版Audit Report on Monitoring the Average Cost Per Student in Private KindergartensIntroductionThis audit report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the average cost per student in private kindergartens. The audit was conducted to ensure transparency and accountability in the financial management of these institutions, which play a crucial role in the education system.Audit Scope and MethodologyThe audit covered a sample of private kindergartens across various regions, representing a diverse range of operational sizes and financial structures. The audit team employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including reviewing financial records, interviewing key stakeholders, and conducting on-site visits.Key FindingsThe audit revealed several key findings regarding the average cost per student in private kindergartens. Firstly, the cost varied significantly across different institutions, ranging from low to high depending on factors such as location, facility quality, and staffing levels. Secondly, the audit identified areas where cost efficiency could be improved, such as optimizing resource allocation and improving procurement processes.RecommendationsBased on the audit findings, several recommendations were made to improve the financial management and cost efficiency of private kindergartens. Firstly, institutions should establish transparent financial reporting systems to ensure accountability and transparency. Secondly, they should prioritize cost-effective procurement and resource allocation to maximize the use of funds. Additionally, regular audits should be conducted to monitor compliance with financial regulations and identify areas for improvement.ConclusionThe audit report provides valuable insights into the average cost per student in private kindergartens. It highlights the need for improved financial management and cost efficiency in these institutions to ensure sustainable and quality education for children. The recommendations outlined in the report serve as a roadmap for private kindergartens to enhance their financial practices and provide better value for money to parents and stakeholders.中文版《民办幼儿园生均成本监测审计报告》引言本审计报告旨在全面分析民办幼儿园生均成本。

药物临床试验英文词汇及缩写

药物临床试验英文词汇及缩写

药物临床试验英文缩写.药物临床试验英文缩写.......实验室检查英文缩写..Accuracy 准确度Active control, AC 阳性对照,活性对照Adverse drug reaction, ADR 药物不良反应Adverse event, AE 不良事件Adverse medical events 不良医学事件Adverse reaction 药物不良反应Alb 白蛋白ALD(Approximate Lethal Dose)近似致死剂量ALP 碱性磷酸酶Alpha spending function 消耗函数ALT 丙氨酸氨基转换酶Analysis sets 统计分析的数据集Approval 批准Assistant investigator 助理研究者AST 天门冬酸氨基转换酶ATR 衰减全反射法AUCss 稳态血药浓度-时间曲线下面积Audit 稽查Audit or inspection 稽查/视察Audit report 稽查报告Auditor 稽查员Bias 偏性,偏倚Bioequivalence 生物等效应Blank control 空白对照Blind codes 编制盲底Blind review 盲态审核Blind review 盲态检查Blinding method 盲法Blinding/ masking 盲法,设盲Block 分段Block 层Block size 每段的长度BUN 尿素氮Carryover effect 延滞效应Case history 病历Case report form 病例报告表Case report form/ case record form, CRF 病例报告表,病例记录表Categorical variable 分类变量Cav 平均浓度CD 圆二色谱CL 清除率Clinical equivalence 临床等效应Clinical study 临床研究Clinical study report 临床试验的总结报告Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial application, CTA 临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption, CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol, CTP 临床试验方案Clinical trial/ study report 临床试验报告Cmax 峰浓度Co-investigator 合作研究者Comparison 对照Compliance 依从性Composite variable 复合变量Computer-assisted trial design, CATD 计算机辅助试验设计Confidence interval 可信区间Confidence level 置信水平Consistency test 一致性检验Contract research organization, CRO 合同研究组织Contract/ agreement 协议/合同Control group 对照组Coordinating committee 协调委员会Crea 肌酐CRF(case report form)病例报告表Crossover design 交叉设计Cross-over study 交叉研究Css 稳浓度Cure 痊愈Data management 数据管理Database 建立数据库Descriptive statistical analysis 描述性统计分析DF 波动系统Dichotomies 二分类Diviation 偏差Documentation 记录/文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量-反应关系Double blinding 双盲Double dummy 双模拟Double dummy technique 双盲双模拟技术Double-blinding 双盲Drop out 脱落DSC 差示扫描热量计Effectiveness 疗效Electronic data capture, EDC 电子数据采集系统Electronic data processing, EDP 电子数据处理系统Emergency envelope 应急信件End point 终点Endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标Equivalence 等效性Essential documentation 必须文件Ethics committee 伦理委员会Excellent 显效Exclusion criteria 排除标准Factorial design 析因设计Failure 无效,失败Final point 终点Fixed-dose procedure 固定剂量法Forced titration 强制滴定Full analysis set 全分析集GC-FTIR 气相色谱-傅利叶红外联用GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱联用Generic drug 通用名药Global assessment variable 全局评价变量GLU 血糖Good clinical practice, GCP 药物临床试验质量管理规范Good manufacture practice, GMP 药品生产质量管理规范Good non-clinical laboratory practice, GLP 药物非临床研究质量管理规范Group sequential design 成组序贯设计Health economic evaluation, HEV 健康经济学评价Hypothesis test 假设检验Hypothesis testing 假设检验International Conference of Harmonization, ICH 人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会,国际协调会议Improvement 好转Inclusion criteria 入选标准Independent ethics committee, IEC 独立伦理委员会Information consent form, ICF 知情同意书Information gathering 信息收集Informed consent, IC 知情同意Initial meeting 启动会议Inspection 视察/检查Institution inspection 机构检查Institution review board, IBR 机构审查委员会Intention to treat 意向治疗(——临床领域)Intention-to –treat, ITT 意向性分析(-统计学)Interactive voice response system, IVRS 互动式语音应答系统Interim analysis 期中分析Investigator 研究者Investigator's brochure, IB 研究者手册IR 红外吸收光谱Ka 吸收速率常Last observation carry forward, LOCF 最接近一次观察的结转LC-MS 液相色谱-质谱联用LD50 板数致死剂量Logic check 逻辑检查LOQ (Limit of Quantitation)定量限LOCF, Last observation carry forward 最近一次观察的结转Lost of follow up 失访Marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证Matched pair 匹配配对Missing value 缺失值Mixed effect model 混合效应模式Monitor 监查员Monitoring 监查Monitoring report 监查报告MRT 平均滞留时间MS 质谱MS-MS 质谱-质谱联用MTD(Maximum Tolerated Dose)最大耐受剂量Multicenter trial 多中心试验Multi-center trial 多中心试验New chemical entity, NCE 新化学实体New drug application, NDA 新药申请NMR 核磁共振谱Non-clinical study 非临床研究Non-inferiority 非劣效性Non-parametric statistics 非参数统计方法Obedience 依从性ODR 旋光光谱Open-blinding 非盲Open-label 非盲Optional titration 随意滴定Original medical record 原始医疗记录Outcome 结果Outcome assessment 结果指标评价Outcome measurement 结果指标Outlier 离群值Parallel group design 平行组设计Parameter estimation 参数估计Parametric statistics 参数统计方法Patient file 病人档案Patient history 病历Per protocol,PP 符合方案集Placebo 安慰剂Placebo control 安慰剂对照Polytomies 多分类Power 检验效能Precision 精密度Preclinical study 临床前研究Primary endpoint 主要终点Primary variable 主要变量Principal investigator 主要研究者Principle investigator,PI 主要研究者Product license,PL 产品许可证Protocol 试验方案Protocol 试验方案Protocol amendment 方案补正Quality assurance unit,QAU 质量保证部门Quality assurance,QA 质量保证Quality control,QC 质量控制Query list,query form 应用疑问表Randomization 随机化Randomization 随机Range check 范围检查Rating scale 量表Regulatory authorities,RA 监督管理部门Replication 可重复RSD 日内和日间相对标准差Run in 准备期Safety evaluation 安全性评价Safety set 安全性评价的数据集Sample size 样本含量Sample size 样本量,样本大小Scale of ordered categorical ratings 有序分类指标Secondary variable 次要变量Sequence 试验次序Serious adverse event,SAE 严重不良事件Serious adverse reaction,SAR 严重不良反应Seriousness 严重性Severity 严重程度Significant level 检验水准Simple randomization 简单随机Single blinding 单盲Single-blinding 单盲Site audit 试验机构稽查SOP 试验室的标准操作规程Source data verification,SDV 原始数据核准Source data,SD 原始数据Source document,SD 原始文件Specificity 特异性Sponsor 申办者Sponsor-investigator 申办研究者Standard curve 标准曲线Standard operating procedure,SOP 标准操作规程Statistic 统计量Statistical analysis plan 统计分析计划Statistical analysis plan 统计参数计划书Statistical analysis plan,SAP 统计分析计划Statistical model 统计模型Statistical tables 统计分析表Stratified 分层Study audit 研究稽查Subgroup 亚组Sub-investigator 助理研究者Subject 受试者Subject diary 受试者日记Subject enrollment 受试者入选Subject enrollment log 受试者入选表Subject identification code,SIC 受试者识别代码Subject recruitment 受试者招募Subject screening log 受试者筛选表Superiority 检验Survival analysis 生存分析SXRD 单晶X-射线衍射System audit 系统稽查T1/2 消除半衰期Target variable 目标变量T-BIL 总胆红素T-CHO 总胆固醇TG 热重分析TLC、HPLC 制备色谱Tmax 峰时间TP 总蛋白Transformation 变量变换Treatment group 试验组Trial error 试验误差Trial master file 试验总档案Trial objective 试验目的Trial site 试验场所Triple blinding 三盲Two one-side test 双单侧检验Unblinding 揭盲Unblinding 破盲Unexpected adverse event,UAE 预料外不良事件UV-VIS 紫外-可见吸收光谱Variability 变异Variable 变量Visual analogy scale 直观类比打分法Visual check 人工检查Vulnerable subject 弱势受试者Wash-out 清洗期Washout period 洗脱期Well-being 福利,健康1.临床试验(Clinical Trial):指任何在人体(病人或健康志愿者身上)进行药品的系统性研究,以证实或揭示研究药品的作用、不良反应及/或试验用药品的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄,目的是确定研究药品的疗效与安全性。

Audit report

Audit report

Audit reportAudit responsibility in the y/e and the date the auditor’s report is signedISA 560 subsequent events responsibilities.Should perform audit procedures ,obtain appropriate audit evidence that all events between aperiod.(the date of the fs and the date of audit’s report)(should adj. and disclosure)Audit responsibility in the date the auditor’s report is signed and the date the fs are issued审计报告已经签了审计师就没有责任了除非事情的fact是在签署之日之前auditor就已经知道的,那么要修改。

Discuss with mgt. whether amend the fs and shall carry out the necessary audit procedures,extend the subsequent testing to the date of the new auditor’s report.extend the subsequent events testing to the date of the new auditor’s report and provide a new auditor’s report on the amended fs.Subsequent event1、adjust event 会影响y/e balance是现时义务超过重要性水平就要计提金额,mgt必须调整,否则意见是modifiedIf error is material but pervasive: qualified opinion 要加一句opinion paragraph, qualified ”except for”If error is material and pervasive: adverse opinion2、non-adjust event对不用调整的事项,需要和管理层沟通,记到summary of unadjusted errors 中。

audit日志示例-概述说明以及解释

audit日志示例-概述说明以及解释

audit日志示例-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述概述部分(1.1)audit日志是一种记录系统活动的重要工具,它可以帮助企业和组织了解系统的运行情况、发现潜在的问题和安全漏洞。

随着信息技术的发展,越来越多的企业开始重视对系统日志的管理和分析,以提高信息安全性和业务流程的透明度。

简单来说,audit日志就是一种系统生成的记录文件,它会详细记录系统的所有活动和事件,如用户操作、文件访问、网络通信等。

这些记录可以提供有关系统性能、操作行为和安全事件的全面信息,对于系统的管理人员和信息安全团队来说具有重要意义。

audit日志的作用不仅仅是用于故障排除和问题定位,它还可以帮助企业满足合规要求和法律法规的要求。

例如,在金融和医疗行业,企业需要将用户的操作和敏感数据的访问记录下来,以便在发生安全事件或违规行为时进行审计和调查。

此外,audit日志还可以用于检测未经授权的访问、防止内部滥用权限、监控员工行为等。

然而,由于系统生成的audit日志通常非常庞大且难以分析,对于企业而言,如何高效地管理、分析和利用这些日志是一个挑战。

因此,在文章的后续部分,我们将探讨如何有效地管理和分析audit日志,以及如何建立一个完善的审计日志策略,确保系统的运行安全和可追溯性。

综上所述,audit日志在信息安全领域起着重要作用,对于企业和组织来说具有不可忽视的价值。

在下一节中,我们将进一步介绍audit日志的相关概念和作用,以便读者更好地理解和使用这一工具。

文章结构部分是用来介绍整篇文章的组织框架和内容安排。

在这个部分,我们可以简要描述一下下面各个章节的主要内容,帮助读者快速了解全文的布局和主题。

下面是对文章结构部分的内容的编写示例:1.2 文章结构本文主要介绍了audit日志的相关内容和作用。

为了更好地组织内容,本文分为三个部分。

具体的文章结构如下:- 引言部分(第一章):在引言部分,我们将首先概述本文的主题以及文章的结构。

常用审计英语词汇

常用审计英语词汇

常用审计英语词汇1.ability to perform the work 能力履行工作2.acceptance procedures 承兑程序过程3.accountability 经管责任4.accounting estimate 会计估计6.accounts receivable 应收账款7.accruals listing 应计项目挂牌8.accruals 应计项目9.adverse opinion 否定意见10.agreed-upon procedures 约定审查业务11.analysis of errors 错误的分析(法,学)研究12.anomalous error 反常的错误13.appointment ethics 任命伦理学14.assurance engagement 保证约定15.assurance 保证16.audit 审计,审核,核数17.audit acceptance 审计承兑18.audit approach 审计靠近19.audit committee 审计委员会,审计小组20.audit engagement 审计业务约定书21.audit evaluation 审计评价22.audit evidence 审计证据23.audit plan 审计计划24.audit program 审计程序25.audit report 审计报告26.audit risk 审计风险27.audit sampling 审计抽样28.audit staffing 审计工作人员29.audit timing 审计定时30.audit trail 审计线索31.auditing standards 审计准则32.auditors duty of care 审计(查账)员的责任33.auditors report 审计报告34.automated working papers 自动化工作文件35.bad debts 坏账36.bank reconciliation 银行对账单,余额调节表37.beneficial interests 受益权38.best value 最好的价值39.business risk 经营风险40.cash count 现金盘点41.cash system 兑现系统42.charges and commitments 费用和评论43.chronology of an audit 一审计的年代表44.CIS application controls CIS 申请控制45.CIS environments stand-alone microcomputers CIS 环境单机微型计算器46.client screening 委托人甄别47.projection of errors 错误的规划48.purchase ledger 购货分类账49.purchases and expenses system 收入费用系统50.put on enquiry 询价上的期货买卖panies act 公司法parative financial state?鄄ments 比较财务报表pilation engagement 编辑约定pleteness 完整性pletion of the audit 审计的结束pliance with account?鄄ing regulations 符合会计规则的作法puters assisted audit techniques (CAATs)计算器援助的审计技术(CAATs)58.confidence 信任59.confidentiality 保密性60.confirmation of accounts receivable 应收账款的查证61.conflict of interest 利益冲突62.constructive obligation 建设的待付款63.contingent asset 或有资产64.contingent liability 或有负债65.control environment 控制环境66.control procedures 控制程序67.control risk 控制风险68.controversy 论战69.corporate governance 公司治理,公司管制70.corresponding figures 相应的计算71.cost of conversion 转换成本,加工成本72.cost 成本73.courtesy 优待74.creditors 债权人75.current audit files 本期审计档案76.database management sys?鄄tem (DBMS)数据库管理制度(数据管理系统)77.date of report 报告的日期78.depreciation 折旧,贬值79.design of the sample 样品的设计80.detection risk 检查风险81.direct verification approach 直接核查法82.directional testing 方向的抽查83.directors emoluments 董事酬金84.directors serve contracts 董事服务合约85.disagreement with man?鄄agement 与经营的不一致86.disclaimer of opinion 拒绝表示意见87.distributions 分销,分派88.documentation of under?鄄standing and assessment of control risk 控制风险的协商和评定的文件编集89.documenting the audit process 证明审计程序90.due care 应有关注91.due skill and care 到期的技能和谨慎92.economy 经济93.efficiency 效益,效率94.eligibility/ineligibility 合格/无被选资格95.engagement letter 业务约定书96.error 差错97.evaluating of results of au?鄄dit procedures 审计手续的结果评估98.examinations 检查99.existence 存在性100.expectations 期望差距101.expected error 预期的错误102.experience 经验103.expert 专家104.external audit 独立审计105.external review reports 外部的评论报告106.fair 公正107.final assessment of control risk 控制风险的确定评定108.final audit 期末审计109.financial statement asser?鄄tions 财政报告宣称110.financial 财务111.finished goods 产成品112.flowcharts 流程图113.fraud and error 舞弊114.fraud 欺诈115.fundamental principles 基本原理116.general CIS controls 一般的CIS 控制117.general reports to 对……的一般报告118.going concern assump?鄄tion 持续经营假设119.going concern 持续经营120.goods on sale or return 货物准许退货买卖121.goodwill 商誉ernance 统治123.haphazard selection 随意选择124.hospitality 款待125.human resources 人力资源126.income tax 所得税127.incoming auditors 收入审计(查账)员128.independent estimate 独立的估计rmation technology 信息技术130. inherent risk 固有风险131.integrity 完整性132.interim audit 中期审计133.internal auditing 内部审计134.internal auditors 内部审计师135.international federation of accountants (IFAC)国际会计师联合会(IFAC)136.inventory system 盘存制度137.inventory valuation 存货估价138.ISA 230 documentation 文件编制139.joint monitoring unit 连接检验单位140.knowledge of the entity?蒺s business 个体的企业知识w and regulations 法和规则142.legal and regulations 法定权利和规则143.legal obligation 法定义务,法定责任144.levels of assurance 保险程度,保障水平145.liability 负债146.limitation on scope 审计范围限制147.limitation of audit 审计的提起诉讼的限期148.limitations of controls sys?鄄tem 控制系统的提起诉讼的限期149.litigation and claims 诉讼和赔偿150.litigation 诉讼151.loans 借款,贷款152.long term liabilities 长期负债153.management 管理154.management integrity 经营完整155.management representa?鄄tion letter 管理当局声明书156.marketing 推销,营销,市场学157.material inconsistency 决定性的前后矛盾158.material misstatements of fact 重大误报159.materiality 重要性160.measurement 计量161.microcomputers 微型计算器162.modified reports 变更报告163.narrative notes 叙述证券164.nature 性质165.negative assurance 消极保证 realizable value 可实现净值167.non-current asset register 非本期的财产登记168.non-executive directors 非执行董事169.non-sampling risk 非抽样风险170.non-statutory audits 目标170.objectivity 客观性172.obligating event 负有责任事件173.obligatory disclosure 有拘束地揭示174.occurrence 出现175.on-line computer sys?鄄tems (与主机)联机计算器系统176.opening balances 期初余额177.operational audits 经营审计,作业审计178.operational work plans 操作上的工作计划179.opinion shopping 意见购物180.other information 其他的信息181.overdue fees 超储未付费182.overhead absorption 管理费用分配183.periodic plan 定期的计划184.permanent audit files 永久审计档案185.personal relationships 个人的亲属关系186.planning 计划编制187.population 抽样总体188.precision 精密189.preliminary assessment of control risk 控制风险的预备评定190.prepayments 预付款项191.presentation and disclo?鄄sure 提示和揭示192.problems of accounting treatment 会计处理的问题193.procedural approach 程序上的靠近194.procedures程序195.procedures after accepting nomination 程序过程在接受提名之后。

Internal Audit Report 内审报告2014.12

Internal Audit Report 内审报告2014.12
Internal Audit Report内部质量体系审核pose审核目的: 1、Check quality system of our company whether meet the requirement of ISO 9001:2008 standards、《Quality Mannual》and《Procedure Documents》检查本公司质量管理体系是否符合ISO 9001:2008 标准以及公司《质量手册》 和《程序文件》的要求。 2、Check the quality system of our company whether been implemented and maintained. 检查本公司质量管理体系是否 得到有效实施和保持。 二、Audit Scope审核范围:Process involved in ISO 9001:2008 standards and various department 、workshop涉及ISO 9001:2008 标准中的过程及各职能部门、车间。 三、Audit Accordance审核依据: 1、ISO9001:2008 Standards标准; 2、《Quality Mannual》and《Procedure Documents》of our company本公司的《质量手册》和《程序文件》; 3、Applicable laws and regulations 适用的法律法规。 四、Audit team members审核组成员:Team A:Leader:*** ;Members:***、***; Team B :Leader:*** ;Members:***、***; Team C:Leader:*** ;Members:***、***; 五、Audit process description 审核过程综述: According to ISO9001:2008 standard and QMS document, The management representative organize the audit team members to perform the 2014 internal audit at Dec 03~05.2014. The company audit team members in cooperation with various departments, according to aduit plan of arrangement, in principle of objective、independent、systematic,by interviews、ask question、 on-site checking、 and reading documents...etc. to examine the documents which submiited by various department carefully; to track verification for the corrective action which taken by the last internal audit; to check the implemented for the problem which raise on 2013 management review; and to issue the preventive suggestions for the problem that may occur during the future operation. 根据 ISO9001:2008标准要求和公司质量管理体系文件,管理者代表组织审核组成员于2014年12月03~05日共3天的时间,按 计划对全公司进行了2014年度内部质量管理体系审核。 公司内审组成员在各部门的配合下,按照审核计划的安排,以客观、独立、系统的原则,采用面谈、提问、现场查看、调 阅文件资料等方式,对各部门所提交的文件资料进行了认真审核,对以前审核中发现的问题项的纠正措施实施情况进行跟 踪验证,对2013年管理评审提出的问题落实情况进行了检查,对未来运行过程中可能会出现的问题也提出预防建议。 六、Audit result 审核结果: In this internal audit, we did not find the serious nonconformities, and found 3 normal nonconformities, distribution see <Nonconformity Registration Form>本次审核未发现严重不符合项,一般不符合项3个,其分布详见《内审不符合项登记 表》。 Nonconformities and problem found during the internal audit mainly in following aspect: 审核过程中发现的不符合项及发现的问题点主要体现在以下几方面: 1.Some departments count the quality objective are not timely, and did not take the reason analysis and corrective actions for the quality objective which are not reach the target. 有些部门对质量目标的统计不及时,以及目标未达成时, 未及时进行原因分析及纠正与预防措施的制定; 2.Some departments of learning standard and QMS is not enough, so resulting the actual work is still short of the requirment of QMS.有些部门对标准和体系文件的学习还不够到位,理解不够深刻,致使实际工作与体系要求还存在一定 差距; 3.Some departments did not register the received document on "Documents Receipt List".个别部门对于接收到的文件未在文件 接收清单中登记; 4.Warehouse did not implement the First In First Out Regulations. 产品防护还存在一定的差距,先入先出管理规定执行 欠缺; 5.The expried material management still have problem. 过期产品的管理,有一定的欠缺; Overall, our company in accordance with ISO9001:2008 standard for establishing and implementing the QMS can operate effectively,can prevent nonconforming and has the ablity to meet the requirement of customer 、 the laws and regualtions. 整体上,公司按照IS09001:2008标准建立、实施的质量管理体系能有效运行,具有防止不合格、满足顾客要 求与法律法规的能力。 七、Improvement suggestions 改进的建议

audit report

audit report

ReportAudit evidence is evidence obtained during a financial audit and recorded in the audit working papers.The use of evidence is not unique to auditors. Evidence is also used by scientists, lawyers, and historians.Nature of EvidenceThe use of evidence is not unique to auditors.Evidence is also used by scientists, lawyers, and historians.Identify the four audit evidence decisions that are needed to create an audit program.1. Which audit procedures to use2. What sample size to select for a given procedure3. Which items to select from the population4. When to perform the proceduresAudit ProgramIt includes a list of the audit procedures the auditor considers necessary. Most auditors use computers to facilitate the preparation of audit programs.Persuasiveness of EvidenceTwo determinants: AppropriatenessSufficiencySix Characteristics of Reliable Evidence1. Independence of provider2. Effectiveness of client’s internal controls3. Auditor’s direct knowledge4. Qualification of individuals providing the information5. Degree of objectivity6. TimelinessPersuasiveness and CostIn making decisions about evidence for a given audit, both persuasiveness and cost must be considered.The auditor’s goal is to obtain a sufficient amount of appropr iate evidence at the lowest total cost.We need identify and apply the eight types of evidence used in auditing.Types of Audit Evidence1. Physical examination2. Confirmation3. Documentation4. Analytical procedures5. Inquiries of the client6. Recalculation7. Reperformance8. ObservationDocumentationExamination of clients documents and recordsExternal documents originated elsewhereInternal documents originated with clientExternal are more competent than internalV ouching: from journal backwardTracing: from documents to journalElectronic commerce sacrifices some documentationAnalytical ProceduresUnderstand the client’s industry and businessAssess the entity’s ability to continue as a going concernIndicate the presence of possible misstatements in the financial statementsReduce detailed audit testsAppropriateness of Types of EvidenceType of evidenceIndependence of providerEffectiveness of client’s internal controlsAuditor’s direct knowledgeQualifications of providerObjectivity of evidenceThe auditor's judgement as to what is sufficient appropriate audit evidence is influenced by such factors as:·The degree of risk of misstatement.·The materiality of the item in relation to the financial information taken as a whole.·The experience gained during previous audits.·The results of auditing procedures including fraud or error which may have been found.·The type of information available.ConclusionSufficiency and appropriateness are interrelated and supply to evidence obtained from both compliance and substantive procedures. Sufficiency is the measure of the quantity of audit evidence obtained, appropriateness of audit evidence relates to its relevance and reliability. Normally the auditor finds it necessary to relying evidence that is persuasive rather than conclusive. He may often seek evidence from different sources or of a different nature to support the same assertion.The audit evidence should in total enable the auditor to form an opinion on the financial information. In forming such an opinion the auditor does not normally examine all the information that is available to him because e can reach a conclusion about an account balance, class of transactions or a control by way of judgemental or statistical sampling procedures.孙钰2008141141 PPT马敏2008141246 Report何璐2008141245 Presentation钟琳玲2008141237 Presentation朱子丰2008141248 Presentation。

服务器故障审计报告(模板)

服务器故障审计报告(模板)

服务器故障审计报告(模板)1. 引言本报告旨在对公司服务器故障进行审计,并提供相关的调查结果和建议。

审计过程采用独立决策原则,遵循简单策略,不涉及法律复杂性。

2. 审计背景公司服务器故障对业务运营产生了负面影响,导致了数据丢失、停机时间延长以及客户投诉增加等问题。

为了解决这些问题并提高服务器的可靠性和稳定性,进行了本次审计。

3. 审计目标本次审计的主要目标如下:- 分析服务器故障的原因和模式- 评估服务器维护和监控流程- 提出改进建议以减少服务器故障和停机时间4. 审计方法本次审计采用以下方法进行:1. 收集故障报告和日志文件2. 分析故障发生的时间、频率和影响范围3. 检查服务器硬件和软件配置4. 评估维护和监控流程的有效性5. 与相关人员进行访谈和调查5. 审计结果根据审计的调查和分析,得出以下结果:- 故障发生主要集中在特定的时间段,可能与服务器负载过高有关。

- 服务器硬件配置不足,无法满足当前业务需求。

- 监控系统存在缺陷,无法准确检测和预测故障。

- 维护流程不够规范,导致对服务器的及时维修和更新不足。

6. 建议和改进措施基于审计结果,提出以下建议和改进措施:- 升级服务器硬件,以满足当前和未来业务需求。

- 优化服务器负载均衡,避免高负载时段的故障发生。

- 更新监控系统,提高故障检测和预测的准确性。

- 建立规范的维护流程,确保服务器的及时维修和更新。

7. 结论本次审计报告对公司服务器故障进行了全面的调查和分析,并提出了相应的建议和改进措施。

通过采取这些措施,公司可以减少服务器故障和停机时间,提高业务的可用性和稳定性。

请注意,本报告中的内容均根据独立决策原则编写,并遵循简单策略,未引用无法确认的内容。

(完整)ACCA F8备考Tips:审计各阶段及流程详解

(完整)ACCA F8备考Tips:审计各阶段及流程详解

ACCA F8备考Tips:审计各阶段及流程详解F8(Audit and Assurance)是一门实务性很强的课程,要求大家熟悉审计工作流程,应用会计知识判断被审计单位的财务报告编制过程及结果是否有误。

自2016年9月开始实施的新考试题型包括Section A和Section B两大部分,Section A(Objective Test Cases)共有三道Case,每个Case有五道选择题,每题两分,涉及范围包括大纲的方方面面;Section B共有三道大题,第一题30分,第二题和第三题各自20分,常见的题型包括auditrisk &auditor’s response,internal controldeficiencies/strengths & TOCs,以及substantive procedures等。

大题对大家书面表达的要求比较高,所以理解审计逻辑,勤加练习并学会总结对于大部分没有实务经验的同学们而言非常必要。

我们先来看一下完整的审计工作需要经过哪些阶段,具体又有哪些流程。

上图是完整的审计工作循环,始于engagement letter(业务约定书),终于audit report(审计报告),历经audit planning、auditperformance和completion三个阶段。

1.Beforeaudit process为了签订最开始的engagementletter,审计师在接受业务委托时需要先“自我反省",看看注册会计师是否符合职业道德准则(Code of Ethics)的要求,如果有一些情况产生了对独立性(independence)的威胁(具体包括self-interest, self—review, familiarity, advocacy&intimidation threats),则应该考虑适用相对应的保卫措施(常见的safeguards包括dispose of interests/shares, independent/quality control partner review,remove the one from the engagementteam等).2。

实验室审计追踪具体包含哪些项目

实验室审计追踪具体包含哪些项目

实验室审计追踪具体包含哪些项目Audit Trails审计追踪An audit trail is a chronology of the “who, what, when, and why” of a record. It ensures a secure, computer-generated, time-stamped electronic record is available that allows for reconstruction of the course of events relating to the creation, modification, or deletion of an electronic record. For example, the audit trail for an HPLC run could include the user name, date and time of the run, integration parameters used, and details of reprocessing, if any, including the change justification. In addition, as part of reconciliation, the injection log can be included, but this injection log does not include audit trail injection information (blank/system suitability/Lot#) (2).审计追踪是记录“谁、做什么、何时、为什么”的记录,能确保安全受控计算机所生成的,带时间戳的电子记录可以重建与电子记录的创建、修改或删除有关的事件过程。

例如,HPLC运行的审计追踪可以包括,用户名,运行日期以及时间,所使用的完整参数记录,再处理过程细节,或,修改理由。

linux 审计日志 查看规则

linux 审计日志 查看规则

linux 审计日志查看规则Linux 审计日志查看规则详解引言:在Linux系统中,审计日志(Audit Log)是一项重要的安全功能,可以记录系统中发生的各种活动事件,如用户登录、文件访问、系统配置修改等。

审计日志的记录和查看对于系统管理员来说是非常关键的,因为它能提供对系统访问和使用的全面监视和跟踪。

本文将详细介绍Linux审计日志的查看规则,并提供一步一步的操作指南。

一、概述:审计日志通常存储在/var/log/audit目录下。

它由Linux内核的审计子系统生成,并由审计工具进行记录和管理。

在CentOS和Ubuntu等常见Linux发行版中,审计工具通常是auditd服务。

可以通过systemctl命令启停该服务。

二、审计规则:1. 生成规则:审计规则用于定义要跟踪和记录的事件类型。

它由审计工具的配置文件/etc/audit/audit.rules定义。

这些规则支持多种格式,包括系统调用(syscall)、路径(path)、文件权限和更多。

用户可以根据需要创建和修改审计规则,以便满足具体的监视要求。

2. 查看规则:要查看审计规则,可以使用以下命令:auditctl -l该命令将显示当前系统的所有审计规则。

审计规则以规则号的形式呈现,用户可以根据规则号进行管理和修改。

3. 添加规则:要添加新的审计规则,可以使用以下命令:auditctl -a [RULE]其中,[RULE]是要添加的规则内容。

要添加的规则应遵循特定的语法和格式,包括系统调用、路径等信息。

用户应根据实际需求编写规则。

4. 删除规则:要删除已有的审计规则,可以使用以下命令:auditctl -d [RULE]其中,[RULE]是要删除的规则内容或规则号。

可以根据规则内容或规则号来删除相关的审计规则。

三、审计日志查看方法:1. 使用命令行查看审计日志:使用命令行可以实时查看审计日志的内容。

可以使用以下命令:ausearch -f [FILE]其中,[FILE]是要查看的文件名。

Full Independent Audit Report (Canluck example)

Full Independent Audit Report (Canluck example)
N/A
N/A
Main Subcontractor 2
N/A
N/A
Main Subcontractor 3
N/A
N/A
Main Supplier 1
Canvas
45,000 meter per month
Main Supplier 2
Wood frame
35,000 pieces per month
Main Supplier 3
工厂能够遵守社会责任,如没有使用童工,符合最低工资标准,合理的工作时间和保护工人健康与安全。但也发现了一些不足;
Social issue社会责任
Lack of trained personnel of first aid, no direction arrowhead on the ground of workshop to safety place, no paid sick leave to worker, and no record of injuries/accident remained.
Products currently or proposed to be supplied
Painting on canvas
Major customers
Record the customer name and their own country
Namecutive committee and contact persons
建立程序去系统地检查样板,并留下记录。
No a clear work instructions are accessible at each workstation.
并不是每一个工位都有工序指导书。
Prepare clear work instructions on each workstation for worker easily understanding.

合同管理评审报告范文

合同管理评审报告范文

合同管理评审报告范文英文回答:Contract Management Audit Report Template.Executive Summary.The purpose of this report is to provide the results of the contract management audit that was conducted by [Name of Auditor] from [Start Date] to [End Date]. The audit was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the organization's contract management processes and to identify areas for improvement.The audit was conducted in accordance with the International Standard on Auditing (ISA) 3000 (Revised 2013), Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial Information. The audit team consisted of [List of Team Members].The audit team reviewed a sample of contracts and related documentation, and interviewed key personnel involved in the contract management process. The audit team also conducted a risk assessment to identify potential areas of concern.The audit findings are summarized below:Strengths:The organization has a well-defined contract management process.The organization has a centralized contract repository.The organization tracks key contract performance metrics.Areas for Improvement:The organization does not always adhere to itscontract management process.The organization does not always adequately document its contract management activities.The organization does not always effectively manage contract risks.The audit team recommends that the organization take the following steps to improve its contract management processes:Develop and implement a formal contract management policy.Train all personnel involved in the contract management process on the policy.Implement a more robust contract management software system.Increase the frequency of contract reviews.Develop a risk management plan for contracts.Conclusion.The audit team concludes that the organization's contract management processes are generally effective. However, there are several areas for improvement that the organization should address. By implementing the recommendations made in this report, the organization can improve the effectiveness of its contract management processes and mitigate the risks associated with contracts.中文回答:合同管理评审报告模板。

linux 审计日志 查看规则

linux 审计日志 查看规则

linux 审计日志查看规则Linux 审计日志查看规则Linux 系统的审计功能可以帮助管理员检查系统中发生的安全事件和追踪系统活动。

通过审计功能,管理员可以查看记录的安全事件并采取相应的措施来保护系统的安全。

在本文中,我们将探讨如何使用 Linux 的审计日志查看规则来查看审计日志。

首先,我们需要了解 Linux 系统审计日志的存储位置。

一般来说,审计日志存储在 /var/log/audit/ 目录下。

在这个目录中,我们可以找到一些以 audit.log 开头的文件,这些文件包含了系统的审计日志记录。

要查看审计日志,我们可以使用命令行工具 ausearch。

下面是一些常用的ausearch 命令:1. 查看所有的审计日志记录:```ausearch -a```这会列出系统中所有的审计日志记录,并显示相关的信息,如时间戳、事件类型、主体和客体等。

2. 查看特定类型的审计事件:```ausearch -m <事件类型>```例如,要查看所有的文件变更事件,可以使用命令:```ausearch -m write```3. 根据时间范围查看审计事件:```ausearch --start <开始时间> --end <结束时间>```这个命令将显示在指定时间范围内的审计事件。

时间格式为 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS。

4. 查看具有特定 UID 的审计事件:```ausearch -ui <UID>```此命令将显示具有指定 UID 的审计事件。

除了 ausearch 命令,我们还可以使用 aureport 命令来生成审计日志的摘要报告。

下面是一些常用的 aureport 命令:1. 查看给定时间段内已登录的用户:```aureport --login```2. 查看文件创建和删除事件:```aureport --file```3. 查看系统调用事件:```aureport --syscall```4. 查看特定用户的所有审计事件:```aureport -u <用户名>```此外,我们还可以在审计规则中定义自定义规则以过滤和筛选所需的审计事件。

Sample check List-样品检测报告

Sample check List-样品检测报告

样品检验报告sample inspection report检验结果编号PPAP-03/01Pruefergebnisse页 1 共 Blatt von01 尺寸检验Masslich Pruefung 11 D-零件管理的存档证明 D-Teile DokumentationXXXXXXXXX02 金属材料检验Werkstoffprüfung-Metal 12 手感,声音,气味的检验 Prüfung zu Haptik/Akustik/Geruch 03 非金属材料检验Werkstoffprüfung-NonMetal 13 光亮和表面的检验 Prüfung zu Optik/Oberfläche 04 功能检验Funktionsprüfung 14 原材料检验证书 Prüfzertifikat Rohmaterial 05 生产过程流程图Prozessablaufübersicht 15 工艺性材料成份 Inhaltsstoffe bei Prozessmaterial 06 过程P-FMEA Prozess-FMEA16 政府的各种许可 Behördliche Genehmigungen 07 机器能力证明Fähigkeitsnachweise Maschinen 17 质量规划 QualitätsplannungXXXX/XXX08 工艺和检验规程Fertigungs-/Prüfplan 18 二次分供方及原材料清单 Sublieferant und Rohstoff Liste XXXPrüfmittelliste19 试装车单 Einbauprobe Schein XXX/XXXFähigkeitsnachweise Prüfmittel 20 BMG零件. BMG Teile供货厂代码: Kennummer-Lieferant:10029用货厂代码:Kennummer-Abnehmer:检验报告号:Prüfberichts-Nr.:检验报告号:Prüfberichts-Nr:图纸号: Zeichnungs: HK0209I.1-02图纸状态和日期:Stand/Datum:零件名称: Teil-Benennung:卡圈图纸号: Zeichnungs: HK0209I.1-02图纸状态和日期:Stand/Datum: 受控HK0209I.1-02零件名称: Teil-Benennung: 卡圈检项序号Nr.要求的应该值(额定值)Forderungen Soll-WerteD供货厂的实际值Ist-Wert Lieferant 用货厂的实际值Ist-Werte Abnehmer评价 Bewertung合格i.o 不合格n.i.o12345678910111213141516供货厂确认:Bestätigung Lieferant:备注:Bemerkung:备注:Bemerkung:用货厂决定:Entscheidung Abnehmer:认可(1分) frei (Note 1) 有条件认可(3分)frei mit Auflagen(Note 3) 没认可(6分) abgelehnt (Note 分)日期: Datum: 签字: Unterschrift:检验:Prüfung: 审核:Audit: 批准: Zustimmung:。

QCP范本

QCP范本
质量和可靠性的承诺
(Signed Quality Agreement) (签订质量协议)
8.Packaging requirement and qualification 包装要求和资格
Mechanical Part 机械部分
v
v
v v v v
o v
产能评估报告5processperormanceevaluationcpk良品率评估qcpauditreport过程绩效评价cpk良品率评估qcp审计报告6environmentaldeclarations环境声明consumerelectronicsdocumentsuat0480100uat0480105消费电子文件和uat0480uat04801057qualityreliabilitycommitments质量和可靠性的承诺signedqualityagreement签订质量协议8packagingrequirementqualifcation包装要求和资格
3. Dimensional measurements
尺寸测量。
(Including spread and capabilities for critical characteristics) (包括传播能力的关键特性)
4.产能评估报告 5.Process performance evaluation (CPK 良品率评估) /QCP Audit report 过程绩效评价(CPK 良品率评估)/ QCP 审计报告 6.Environmental declarations 环境 声明 (Consumer Electronics Documents UAT-0480/100 and UAT0480/105) (消费电子文件和uat-0480 uat-0480 / 100 / 105) 7.Quality and Reliability commitments

linux 审计命令

linux 审计命令

linux 审计命令摘要:1.引言2.Linux 审计命令简介3.常用Linux 审计命令a.auditdb.aureportc.ausearchd.auparse4.Linux 审计命令应用案例a.监控用户登录行为b.追踪恶意软件行为c.审计系统权限变更5.总结正文:Linux 是一个开源的操作系统,广泛应用于服务器、嵌入式设备和超级计算机等领域。

由于其强大的功能和高度可定制性,Linux 系统吸引了众多企业和用户的关注。

然而,随着系统管理员对系统的不断调整和用户行为的多样性,保障Linux 系统的安全成为了一个重要议题。

审计命令是Linux 系统中的一种安全工具,可以帮助管理员对系统进行监控和审计,以确保系统的安全性。

Linux 审计命令简介Linux 审计命令是用于监控和记录系统上各种事件的一组工具。

它们可以跟踪用户的登录、文件访问、系统权限变更等行为,并将这些信息记录下来,以供管理员分析。

通过使用审计命令,管理员可以更好地了解系统上发生的一切,及时发现并处理潜在的安全问题。

常用Linux 审计命令1.auditd:审计守护进程,负责启动其他审计工具并提供审计事件。

2.aureport:生成审计报告,可以根据时间、用户和事件类型等条件筛选审计记录。

3.ausearch:在审计事件中搜索关键词,以便快速定位相关事件。

4.auparse:解析审计事件,提取有用的信息,例如用户名、时间戳等。

Linux 审计命令应用案例1.监控用户登录行为:通过监控用户登录事件,管理员可以了解谁在何时登录了系统,以及登录是否成功。

这有助于发现未经授权的登录行为,提高系统的安全性。

2.追踪恶意软件行为:当系统感染恶意软件时,审计命令可以帮助管理员追踪恶意软件的行为,例如创建、删除或修改文件等。

这有助于管理员及时发现并清除恶意软件。

3.审计系统权限变更:通过审计系统权限变更事件,管理员可以了解谁在何时更改了文件的权限,以及权限变更的具体内容。

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Page No.: 1 of 151Report Number: QIP-ASI100000Audit Date : 01 Mar., 2010 Expiry Date :28 Feb., 2011This report is issued by Focus Technology Co., Ltd. () and the supervising inspectorate (SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd) to confirm that:Company Name : ABC Company Limited.ABC 有限责任公司Showroom : /showroom/ABC Address : A Building, No.315 Zhongshan South Road, Nanjing, ChinaProduct: Clothing and lamphas been on site audited for the Following Scope of ActivityGeneral Comments:ABC Company Limited. is a manufacturer with 900 employees; it was established in 1991, located in A Building, No.315 Zhongshan South Road, Nanjing City. The workshops occupy an area of more than 20,000 square meters, and the annual production output was 10 million lamps in last year. ABC Company Limited. has its own brand “ABC” and has expanded its product line to all kind lamp and clothing. They have passed ISO9001:2008 certification in 2009, and already have obtained CE certificates for lamp. ABC Company Limited. has successful foreign trading experience in Europe, North American and Asia, their foreign trade revenue was around USD1.275 million in year 2009.Sign for and on behalf ofSGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd.1. General Information2. Foreign Trade Capacity3. Product Research & Development Capacity4. Quality Management System and Product Certification5. Production Capacity & Quality Control6. Financial Position7. Working Environment & Energy Saving 8. PhotosS A MP LEO NL YPage No.: 2 of 15S UPPLIER A SSESSMENT R EPORTAudited Company ABC Company Limited.ABC 有限责任公司Audited Site: A Building, No.315 Zhongshan South Road, Nanjing, ChinaRepresentative of Audited Company:Mr. Steven Li / SalesCONTENTSPart A: General InformationSection 1: Company Overview Section 2: Human ResourcesPart B: Foreign Trade CapacitySection 1: Export Overall Situation Section 2: Export Business Capacity Section 3: Supplier Management Section 4: After Service CapacityPart C: Product Research & Development CapacitySection 1: Product Research & Development CapacityPart D: Quality Management System and Product CertificationSection 1: Quality Management System(s) and Product Certification Part E: Production Capacity & Quality ControlSection 1: Production Capacity Section Section 2: Production Process ControlSection 3: Company Development / Expansion Plan Part F: Financial PositionSection 1: Financial DataSection 2: Key Performance Indications Section 3: BankingSection 4: Product InsurancePart G: Working Environment & Energy SavingSection 1: Working EnvironmentSection 2: Energy Savings and Emission ReductionPart H: PhotosSection 1 : Photos of Documents Section 2: Photos of CompanyS A MP LEO NL YPart A: General Information Section 1: Company OverviewPage No.: 3 of 15Page No.: 4 of 15Section 2: Human Resources2.2 Explanation of Code and Employee DetailsD ABE FGC HS NL YPage No.: 5 of 15Part B: Foreign Trade CapacitySection 1: Export Overall SituationSection 2: Export Business Capacity2.1 Market Distribution (please list top three areas)MarketMain Product% of Total Business Volume (last year)North American Lamp48% West Europe Clothing and lamp 32% DomesticLamp15%S A MP LSection 3:Supplier ManagementSection 4:After-sales Service CapacityASPage No.: 6 of 15Page No.: 7 of 15Part C: Product Research & Development CapacitySection 1: Product Research & Development CapacityPart D: Quality Management System and Product Certification1.1 Quality Management System and Product CertificationH as the company obtained a valid certificate for theirquality management system? Such as ISO9001, QC080000 and etc.ISO9001:2008 Certificate No.: X32123Scope: Sale lamp and clothing. Issued by DAS.Valid until 30 Nov., 2012.Is product certification done in terms of selling designation (UL for US, CCC for China, CE for Europe …) at the company?I) Product certification list? if anyII) Sample of product certification, if has (at least one ofkey products)?III) Copy of product certification sample (1-5 key products, ifhas)?CE Certificate No.: 3123213 Product: Lamp Model: XPL-CTStandard: EN 32232 Date: 06 Nov., 2009This certificate was issued by TUV.S A MP LPage No.: 8 of 15Part E: Production Capacity & Quality ControlSection 1: Production CapacityA MO NL YPage No.: 9 of 15Section 2: Production Process ControlSection 3: Company Development / Expansion Plans3.1 Company Development / Expansion PlansItemCompany Development Action(s)Timeframe1 The company will purchase 40 sets sewing machines. 2012 2 3S APage No.: 10 of 15Part F: Financial PositionSection 1: Financial Data1.1 Income StatementItem Content2010200920081Operating revenue 183,550 122,746 96,180 2 Operating cost 156,800 108,600 80,000 3 Gross profit 25,500 22,600 10,520 4Operating profit16,43010,8004,3001.2 Balance SheetItemContent2010200920081 Cash and cash equivalents27,780 20,7005,300 2 Total current assets103,400 95,700 87,600 3 Total liabilities101,600 72,400 75,740 4total assets200,500170,000120,2001.3 Cash Flow From Operating ActivitiesItemContent2010200920081Cash received from sales of goods or rendering of services162,500 120,700 88,100 2Sub-total of cash inflows172,800 133,60091,0003 Sub-total of cash outflows120,56697,60067,880Remark: 1、All monetary amounts quoted in this part are shown in RMB, unless otherwise stated.2、all financial data was from the audited company’s financial reports reviewed by ****accounting firm.S A MP LEO NL YPage No.: 11 of 15Section 2: Key Performance Indication2.1 Key Performance IndicationItemContent2010200920081 Operating revenues year-on-year rise (OR in this year- OR in last year ) / OR in last year49.54% 27.62% --2 Gross MarginCross profit/ Operating revenues 13.89% 14.41%10.94%3 Current ratioCurrent assets / Current liabilities1.972.101.67Section 3: Banking3.1 BankingItemContentComments1 Opening bank Nanjing Branch ICBC2 A/C No.:23456789012345678 3 The credit level evaluated by bankAAA level issued by ICBCSection 4: Product Insurance4.1 Product Insurance CertificationInsurerNumberProductExpiry dateCertificate of product quality warranty Alltrust InsuranceBrokers & Consultants Co., Ltd.PBBD200123011600000003Solar cell and solar module31 Jan., 2010Certificate of product liability insuranceAlltrust InsuranceBrokers & Consultants Co., Ltd.BJC03090345004Solar cell and solar module31 Jan., 2010S A MP LEO NL YPart G: Working Environment & Energy Saving Section 1: Working EnvironmentPage No.: 12 of 15Page No.: 13 of 15Section 2: Energy Saving and Emission ReductionS A MP LEPage No.: 14 of 15Part H: PhotosSection 1: Photos of Documents1.1 Photos of Documents Description: Business LicenseDescription: Organization Code CertificateDescription: Export LicenseDescription: Land CertificateDescription: ISO9001 CertificateDescription: CE CertificateS A MP LEO NL YPage No.: 15 of 15Section 2: Photos of CompanyDescription: Company GateDescription: OfficeDescription: WorkshopDescription: WorkshopDescription: WarehouseDescription: Showroom-- End of the Report --S A MP LEO NL Y。

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