2019-2020同步外研英语选修七新突破讲义：Module 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——倒装句和强调句 Word版含答案

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——倒装句和强
调句
一、倒装
在英语中，有时为了强调或为了保持句子的平衡，把谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语之前，这就是倒装。

就其形式来说，分为两种：一种是把整个谓语放在主语之前，即全部倒装；另一种是把谓语的一部分，即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，即部分倒装。

1．全部倒装
(1)here，there，now，then，away，down，in，off，out等副词位于句首且句子主语为名词时，用全部倒装。

Now comes the chance.
现在机会来了。

There stands a leaning tower in the city of Pisa.
比萨城内矗立着一座斜塔。

Up went the arrow into the sky.
箭射向了天空。

[名师点津]　
上述结构中，若主语句子是代词时，则不用倒装；而且在这类句子中句子的谓语动词多为go，come，rush，run，fly等。

Here he comes.他来了。

(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子要全部倒装。

By the river stands a big paper­making factory.
河边有一家大型造纸厂。

(3)为使上下文衔接紧密或保持句子平衡，常把作表语的形容词、副词、分词等提到句首，且句子全部倒装。

Gone are the days when people were at the mercy of weather.
人们靠天气吃饭的日子一去不复返了。

[即时演练1]　完成句子(使用倒装形式)
①Now comes your turn(轮到你了)．
②Out rushed the boys(男孩们就冲出去了)when the bell rang.
③In front of the stage stood a singer(站着一位歌唱家)．
2．部分倒装
(1)当only修饰状语(副词或介词短语)或状语从句且位于句首时，用部分倒装。

Only in the morning can you meet him.
你只有在早晨能见到他。

(2)never，seldom，by no means，not until，in no way等具有否定意义的副词(短语)放在句首时，用部分倒装。

Little did I know about it.
我对它了解得不多。

[名师点津]　
only修饰的如果是句子的主语，或者修饰状语但不位于句首，不用倒装语序。

Only you know my secret.
只有你知道我的秘密。

She finished the work only yesterday.
她昨天才完成工作的。

(3)在“so/such...that...”句型中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.那个故事那么有趣，以至于大家都想读。

(4)not only...but also...，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...中，not only，no sooner，hardly/scarcely位于句首时，其后的句子要部分倒装。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.
讨人喜欢不仅与积极生活的结果有关，而且也是造成这些结果的原因。

(5)as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。

两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。

Carefully as/though he worked，he made some mistakes.
尽管他工作很细心，但还是出了些差错。

[名师点津]　
如果将单数可数名词提前，则不用冠词。

(6)在含有were，should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把were，should 或had提前，构成倒装。

Were he here，we would have no difficulty with it.
要是他在这儿的话，我们就不会有难处了。

(7)“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”属于部分倒装，该结构表示前面所述情况也适用于另一主语。

—Tom can speak Chinese.
—So can Mary.
——汤姆会说中文。

——玛丽也会。

He didn't go out yesterday，neither did I.
昨天他没出去，我也没出去。

[名师点津]　
“so＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词”结构则表示对别人所说的话加以肯定，译作“确实，正是”。

—Wei Fang went to the cinema last night.
—So she did.
——魏芳昨晚去看电影了。

——她的确去看电影了。

[巧学助记]　
部分倒装口诀
副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；
否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；
such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；
not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

[即时演练2]　句型转换
①Although you might try，you can't make up for the lost time.
→Try as/though you might，you can't make up for the lost time.
②They worked so hard that they finished their work ahead of time.
→So hard did they work that they finished their work ahead of time.
③I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework last night.
→Not until I finished my homework last night did I go to bed.
二、强调句
1．强调句的基本构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他。

指人时可用who或that，其他一律用that。

It was Tom who led the way.(强调主语)
是汤姆带的路。

It was Mr Green who/that I spoke to.(强调宾语)
我是跟格林先生说的话。

It is in the park that we take a walk.(强调地点状语)我们是在公园里散步的。

[名师点津]　
(1)强调句用来强调除谓语之外的句子成分。

(2)如果句子用的是过去的某种时态，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在的某种时态，强调结构中就用is。

2．强调句的疑问句
(1)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分？
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
(2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子的其他成分？
Where was it that you picked up the wallet?
你是在哪里捡到这个钱包的？
3．not...until强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。

It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.
直到昨天你告诉我，我才意识到全部错误。

4．强调句的判断方式：把It is/was...that/who...去掉，如果剩下的成分能组成完整的句子，就是强调句型。

[即时演练3]　用强调句型改写下列句子
①Mr Li teaches us English.(强调主语)
It is Mr Li who/that teaches us English.
②I phoned Mr Black just now.(强调宾语)
It was Mr Black that/who I phoned just now.
③We had a conversation in my office.(强调状语)
It was in my office that we had a conversation.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mr Smith never does any reading in the evening；nor does Mrs Smith.
2．Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS­related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
3．It was because he was late that he was criticized by the teacher.
4．Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.
5．Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.
6．So beautiful is the river that it attracts many tourists every year.
7．South of the river lies(lie) a small factory.
8．No sooner had we reached the station than the train was off.
9．There comes(come) the bus.Let's hurry up.
10．—What is it that makes you so happy?
—The fact that our volleyball team has got into the final.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有1处错误)
1．It was on Sunday morning when the accident happened.
when→that/去掉on 2．It is me that should be punished for it.
me→I 3．Between the two villages lie a factory.
lie→lies 4．It was on the playground where I found the wallet.
where→that 5．Not until 9：00 am yesterday we set out for our trip.
we前加did 6．Only in this way you learn from your mistakes.
you前加can 7．It was her advice which made me a better speaker and full of confidence.
which→that 8．Seldom they go home because it is far away from them.
Seldom后加do 9．Was it because Jack came late for school why Mr.Smith got angry？
why→that 10．Not only our parents give us life，but they also give us endless love and support.
Not only后加do。