考研英语（二）完形填空科普科研类高分特训25篇（标准篇）【圣才出品】

考研英语（⼆）完形填空科普科研类⾼分特训25篇（标准篇）【圣才出品】
标准篇
Test 6
When animals (including man) eat, it is normal for the mouth to water. This is called salivation (分泌唾液). It is a natural reflex, and was studied by the Russian physiologist Pavlov 1 famous experiments on the salivation of dogs are important in the 2 of modern psychology.
Though salivation is 3 , Pavlov noticed that a dog would salivate not just 4 it was eating, but also when it saw the man who usually 5 it. In Pavlov‘s early experiments he simply showed the dog some bread, which he then allowed it to eat. After a while the 6 of the experimenter was enough to make the dog salivate. We cannot call this a natural 7 because a dog does not normally 8 at the sight of man. It is 9 psychologists call a conditioned response. The dog has been taught or conditioned to salivate when he 10 the man. 11 decided to study this, Pavlov developed scientific 12 for doing so. In order to make sure the experimenter did not disturb the dog, dog and experimenter were put in 13 rooms. Pavlov even put the dog in a kind of frame to make it stand still. He invented a system of tubes for giving the dog food, and 14 what happened from outside the room. He found that he could condition the dog to salivate at almost any event—when a bell rang or a light flashed, for example, as long as this event was followed by 15 . The American psychologist Skinner developed this idea of conditioning. He found he could condition animals to do
quite 16 things by using a technique he called shaping. He could 17 pigeons, for example, to play table tennis. At first he gave them a reward for knocking the ball a short distance in the right direction. 18 he increased the distance they must knock the ball 19 getting the reward, and 20 they received it only when they knocked the ball past their opponent.
1. A. whose B. that C. who D. which
2. A. record B. file C. story D. history
3. A. common B. natural C. usual D. ordinary
4. A. when B. what C. which D. where
5. A. watched B. fed C. saw D. stroked
6. A. view B. arrangement C. plan D. sight
7. A. action B. manner C. reflex D. behavior
8. A. eat B. drink C. salivate D. run
9. A. that B. when C. What D. who
10. A. sees B. hears C. smells D. touches
11. A. Being B. Having C. Keeping D. Making
12. A. theories B. methods C. researches D. study
13. A. several B. some C. special D. separate
14. A. watched B. saw C. heard D. pemeived
15. A. man B. drink C. food D. meat
16. A. simple B. ordinary C. unusual D. complicated
17. A. observe B. see C. watch D. teach
18. A. Slowly B. Quickly C. Occasionally D. Regularly
19. A. when B. after C. until D. before
20. A. usually B. eventually C. often D. always
「⽂章⼤意」
本⽂主要介绍Pavlov的条件反射理论，这是动物属性的⾃然现象。

狗不但在吃东西时，⽽且当它看到通常喂它⾷的⼈都会流⼝⽔。

巴甫洛夫对这⼀现象进⾏研究，发现⼩狗对任何事情都会产⽣条件反射，如铃声、闪光等，只要这种现象总伴随着⾷物的到来。

「词汇装备」
salivation [9sAlI`veIFEn] n. 分泌唾液
reflex [5ri:fleks] n. 反射，反映adj. 反射的；反省的
condition [kEn5diFEn] vt. 以…为条件；使达到要求的情况n. 条件；情形
「答案详解」
1.A 结构衔接题。

这篇⽂章主要是介绍Pavlov的条件反射理论。

空格处需要⼀个关系代
词引导定语从句来修饰Pavlov，因为后⾯已出现名词famous experiments，所以只有whose正确，表⽰“巴甫洛夫的著名实验”。

2.D 语义衔接题。

根据上下⽂，此处应为“在现代⼼理学的历史上”，所以history正确。

3.B 语义衔接题。

根据前⽂有normal“正常的”⼀词，可推断最接近的选项应是natural“⾃
然的”；另外，由第三句中的natural reflex及有关“条件反射理论”的知识，可知此处重点在描述巴甫洛夫发现条件反射这个动物属性的⾃然现象。

所以B项正确。

common“共同的”。

usual“平常的”。

ordinary“普通的”。

4.A 包含not (only)…but also…是⼀个固定搭配，意为“不仅…，⽽且…”，它要求前后
连接的成分为平⾏关系。

因为but also后⾯是when引导的时间状语从句，所以前⾯not后⾯也应是when引导的时间状语(后照前应)，故A项正确。

5.B 由后⾯提到的“In Pavlov's early experiments he simply showed the dog some
bread, which he then allowed it to eat ... was enough to make the dog salivate”
可知狗在看到给它喂⾷的⼈时同样会流⼝⽔，B项正确。

6.D 前⽂提到“but also when it saw the man who usually fed it”，由此判断此处应是
“看见”的意思，at the sight of是固定搭配，意为“⼀见到…”，D项正确。

7.C 语义衔接题。

本⽂是关于条件反射的内容，所以选项为reflex“反应”。

action“⾏
动”、manner“举⽌”、behavior“⾏为”均不符合题意。

8.C 语义衔接题。

四个选项的意思分别是“吃”、“喝”、“流⼝⽔”和“跑”，本句意
为：⼩狗⼀看见实验员就…，结合全⽂主旨和上下⽂内容，应该选salivate“分泌唾液，流⼝⽔”。

9.C 结构衔接题。

空格后⾯的句⼦是名词性从句作表语，缺少先⾏词，只有what符合条
件，意为“这就是⼼理学家所称的条件反射”。

10.A 语义衔接题。

根据上下⽂的内容，可以推断此处意为“看见那个(喂它的)⼈就会形成
流⼝⽔的条件反射”，才能与上⽂相符。

其他选项均不符合上下⽂逻辑。

11.B 逻辑衔接题。

此处前后句间应是时间上的先后关系，本句涉及两个⾏动：决定和研究，
决定(decide)在先，研究(develop)在后，意思是“巴甫洛夫决定要对这⼀现象进⾏研究，他还…”。

所以B项正确。

12.B 根据上题，此处意为“Pavlov为此开发出科学的…”，下⽂即是对它的介绍。

四个
选项：theories“理论”。

methods“⽅法。

researches“研究”。

study“学习，研究”。

显然此处选“⽅法”更为恰当。

13.D 由上下⽂推断：为了证实不是实验员影响了狗，将狗和实验员分置于不同的房间，D
项正确。

14.A watched表⽰“观察”这⼀动作，⽽⾮表⽰包含“观察”的结果并不含时间概念。

故A项正确。

saw强调结果，不符合事实，因为实验还没开始。

heard与⽂意相去更远。

pereeived“看到，观察到”也是针对发⽣过的事情⽽⾔。

15.C 语义衔接题。

由上下⽂可知，是⽤⾷物对狗进⾏实验来验证条件反射的理论，所以
food正确。

man与主旨线索相悖。

drink“喝⽔”太具体。

meat“⾁”也太具体，局限性强。

整个句⼦的意思是：他发现，他能够使⼩狗对任何事情产⽣条件反射，如铃声、闪光等，只要这种现象总伴随着⾷物的到来。

16.D 语义衔接题。

此句的意思是：美国⼼理学家斯⾦内尔通过⼀种叫“成塑”的技巧来
训练动物做complicated“复杂的”事情，⽽不是simple“简单的”事或ordinary“平常的”事，更不会是unusual“不寻常的”事。

17.D 依据上⽂可知，此处应是“教鸽⼦打乒乓球”，⽽不是看。

另外，能和后⾯的不定
式连⽤的也只有D项。

18.A 此题与第20题都是描述训练鸽⼦的过程，前⽂有“⼀开始(at first)”，后⽂是“最
后(eventually)”，中间应为表⽰过程中的⾏为特点，quickly“很快地”、occasionally“偶然地”和regularly“规律地”从语法上说没有任何问题，但训练鸽⼦⽤“渐渐地”更符合常识。

19.D 逻辑衔接题。

根据上下⽂逻辑关系，前后都是有关条件反射训练的，有两个⾏为：
打球和得奖赏，意思是“鸽⼦必须把球打过加长的那段距离才能得到奖赏”，D项正确。

20.B 语义衔接题。

此处讲的是训练之后的结果，所以选eventually，整句话的意思是“最
后，只有鸽⼦把球打过对⼿，才能获得⼀份奖赏”。

Test 7
Sleep is part of a person’s daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as 1 . When you first drift 2 into slumber (睡眠), your eyes will roll about a bit , your temperature will 3 slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite 4 . Your brain waves slow down a bit too, 5 the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves 6 for the first few minutes. This is called stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour 7 , as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep.
The lower your stage of sleep, the 8 your brain waves will be. Then, about。