全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题2004年

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题2004年
(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：10.00)
A.acting
B.relying
C.centering √
D.cemmenting
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个同义短语理解和语法修饰题。

[详细解答] 本题即词汇复现。

focus on和center on是同义的动词短语。

意为“关注；强调”。

第一句总说，然后分说；但句式相同，“Theories”后现在分词作后置定语。

A.before
B.unless
C.until
D.because √
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个篇章照应和连词运用题。

[详细解答] 本题为前后照应。

强调个体的理论理由是为什么呢?显然应给出理由。

所以用because。

A.interactions √
B.assimilation
C.cooperation
D.consultation
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个短语搭配题。

[详细解答] 本题为前后照应题。

根据learn sth. through以及后面和with others搭配，很容易得出interactions。

A.return
B.reply
C.reference
D.response √
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个短语搭配题。

[详细解答] 本题为前后照应题。

根据句意，再加上in... to 的结构，同样不难选出正确答案。

A.or √
B.but rather
C.but
D.or else
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个篇章发展技巧和连词运用题。

[详细解答] 它与本文第二句话的行文模式相同，也很容易选出or。

A.considering
B.ignoring √
C.highlighting
D.discarding
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个篇章照应和词语辨析题。

[详细解答] 本题为前后照应。

根据行文的需要和词语意义，ignoring符合题意。

A.on
B.in
C.for √
D.with
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个篇章照应题。

[详细解答] 本题为前后照应，for表原因。

A.immune
B.resistant
D.subject √
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个短语的搭配题。

[详细解答] be subject to是一个固定搭配，意思是“使．．．．．．经历或遭受”。

A.affect √
B.reduce
C.check
D.reflect
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个动词辨析题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，“社会结构的变化会间接”后面显然接“影响(affect)”再接宾语。

A.point
B.lead √
e
D.amount
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个短语搭配题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，选择“lead to(导致，引起)”。

其他搭配没问题，但不合句子意思。

A.in general √
B.on average
C.by contrast
D.at length
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个篇章照应题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，选择“in general(总体上)”。

其他短语不合句子意思；
A.case
B.short
C.turn √
D.essence
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个短语搭配题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，选择“in turn(反过来)”。

其他短语不合句子意思。

A.survived
B.noticed
C.undertaken
D.experienced √
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个动词辨析和动词搭配题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，experienced能和后面的changes搭配，且符合题意。

A.contrarily
B.consequently √
C.similarly
D.simultaneously
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个副词辨析题。

[详细解答] 根据短文意义，需要一个表因果关系的词。

因此只有consequently符合题意。

A.than √
B.that
C.which
D.as
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个考察形容词或副词比较级和搭配的题。

[详细解答] 根据前面的less可知后面一定要有一个than和它搭配。

A.system
B.structure √
C.concept
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个问语辨析题。

[详细解答] 根据行文以及句子意义，显然in family structure 的搭配较为恰当。

A.assessable
B.identifiable √
C.negligible
D.incredible
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个形容同辨析题。

[详细解答] 根据行文以及句子意义，显然identifiable(可识别的)作other的后置定语较为符合题意。

A.expense
B.restriction
C.allocation
D.availability √
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个名词辨析和搭配题。

[详细解答] 根据上下文以及句子意义；“毒品和烈酒越来越容易得到”，显然availability较为符合题意。

A.incidence √
B.awareness
C.exposure
D.popularity
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个名词辨析以及搭配题。

[详细解答] 根据上下文以及句子意义，且作abuse和neglect的宾语的词，incidence较为符合题意。

A.provided
B.since
C.although √
D.supposing
解析：[试题分析] 这是一个连词辨析题。

[详细解答] 根据行文以及句子意义，前后应为让步关系，所以选although。

二、{{B}}Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
21.How did Redmon find his job?
（分数：2.00）
A.By searching openings in a job database.
B.By posting a matching position in a database.
C.By using a special service of a database. √
D.By E - mailing his resume to a database.
解析：[试题分析] 本题考察同位语的理解问题的题。

[详细解答] 题目问Redmon是怎样找到上作的。

文章中提到“Hunting for a job late last year，lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder，
a jo
b database on the Internet．”。

所以选C。

22.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
（分数：2.00）
ck of counseling. √
B.Limited number of visits.
C.Lower efficiency.
D.Lower successful matches.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问求职代理的劣势是什么。

根据文中的句子“Where’s no career counseling implicit in all of this．”以及“Instead，the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail，consider it a reminder to check the database again．”，可知答案为A。

23.The expression "tip service" (Line 3, Paragraph 3 ) most probably means ______.
（分数：2.00）
pensation
C.interaction
D.reminder √
解析：[试题分析] 本题为词意推测题。

[详细解答] 题目问第三自然段第3行的“tip service”是什么意思。

根据上下文对比关系：“There’s no carrer counseling implicit in all of his. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database；when you get E-mail，consider it a reminder to check the database again．”，可推测出答案为D。

24.Why does CareerSite' s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
（分数：2.00）
A.To focus on better job matches.
B.To attract more returning visits. √
C.To reserve space for more messages.
D.To increase the rate of success.
解析：[试题分析] 本题考察篇章发展技巧的掌握：例证法。

[详细解答] 题目问为什么求职网站一般只提供三次机会。

根据文中的句子“Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite's agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service，for example，it includes only three potential jobs--those it considers the best matches．”以及上下文之间的例证关系，显然B对。

25.Which of the following is true according to the text?
（分数：2.00）
A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job- hunters.
B.Some sites keep E - mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed. √
D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为推理题。

[详细解答] 题目问根据短文哪一种说法正确。

根据文章中的句子“Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile．”强调对比：既使那些不再找工作的人，也觉得它是“有帮助的”；正确答案就是已经找到工作的人，他们发现求职代理的功能是
非常有用的。

三、{{B}}Text 2{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
26.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
（分数：2.00）
A.A kind of overlooked inequality. √
B.A type of conspicuous bias.
C.A type of personal prejudice.
D.A kind of brand discrimination.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题，考察篇章技巧。

[详细解答] 题目问作者打算用AAAA汽车公司和Zodiac 汽车公司来说明什么。

根据本文主题以及短文中句子“It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.”，可知作者是用它们来举例说明一种未被注意到的歧视现象的；所以选A。

27.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
（分数：2.00）
A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.
C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. √
解析：[试题分析] 本题为推理题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是我们能从前三段推测出什么。

A、 B、C是前面三段当中的某一段而不是整个三段的总结，而 D这个选项，比其他三个选项都大。

稍加归纳概括，可得出 D。

28.The fourth paragraph suggests that ______.
（分数：2.00）
A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students
B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students √
D.students should be seated according to their eyesight
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问第4段暗示了什么。

第四段是举了一个例子，老师安排小孩座位的时候，哪个小孩的名字是以A开头的，坐在最前面，以z开头的是坐在最后面，这也是一种不公平的现象。

显然这是不对的。

所以C符合题意。

29.What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" (Line 2, Paragraph 5)? （分数：2.00）
A.They are getting impatient.
B.They are noisily dozing off. √
C.They are feeling humiliated.
D.They are busy with word puzzles.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为推理题，考察对四方文化的了解。

[详细解答] 题目问的是作者的话“most people are literally having a ZZZ”是什么意思。

本题涉及第五段，说的是大学毕业时领奖或者毕业证，A、B、C开头的先领了，到最后时，比如说以Z开头的最后领，大部分的人都已经瞌睡了。

这就涉及到一个文化的问题，就是如果同学们经常用电脑，看到休眠的时候有一个狮子，狮子发出“ZZZZZ”，联想到这一点，49题也能答对，选B。

30.Which of the following is true according to the text?
（分数：2.00）
A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill -treated.
B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. √
解析：[试题分析] 本题为归纳理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是根据短文哪一种说法对。

这是一个总结题，要看主题句。

根据文章主题。

不难选出D。

四、{{B}}Text 3{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
31.By "Ellen Spero isn' t biting her nails just yet" (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means ______. （分数：2.00）
A.Spero can hardly maintain her business
B.Spero is too much engaged in her work
C.Spero has grown out of her bad habit
D.Spero is not in a desperate situation √
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是作者的话“Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”是什么意思。

本文主题讲的就是美国的经济遇到一些困难，但是公众对经济还是乐观的态度和信心。

根据第一段最后一句话，可知她还可以购物。

所以选D。

32.How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
（分数：2.00）
A.Optimistic. √
B.Confused.
C.Carefree.
D.Panicked.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是公众对当前经济形式怎么看。

根据上下文，尤其是第二段最后一句话中，指出许多人还是“re main optimistic about the economy”，不难得出A。

33.When mentioning "the $ 4 million to $10 million range" (Lines 2 -3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about _____.
（分数：2.00）
A.gold market
B.real estate √
C.stock exchange
D.venture investment
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是作者说“the $4 million to $10 mil lion range”是什么意思。

对照原句“In Manhattan，there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range，predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses，’says broker Barbara Corcoran，”，引言处就是答案，选B。

34.Why can many people see "silver linings" to the economic slowdown?
（分数：2.00）
A.They would benefit in certain ways. √
B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.
C.Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
D.The purchasing power would be enhanced.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题，要求熟悉文章的篇章发展技巧。

[详细解答] 题目问的是为什么许多人认为下滑的经济仍有希望(silver linings意思就是“一线希望”)。

本题同样要结合上下文，要了解短语silver linings意思是“一线希望”，特别是要熟悉例证或列举之类篇章发展的技巧，因为第四段采用的就是这种技巧。

读懂该段内容后，很容易选出A。

35.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
（分数：2.00）
A.A new boom, on the horizon.
B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
C.Caution all right, panic not. √
D.The more ventures, the more chances.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题，考察通过字里行间对作者观点和态度的领会。

[详细解答] 题目问的是作者最有可能同意下列哪一种说法。

这是一个有关作者写作观点、写作态度的问题。

浏览全篇，C较为符合题意。

五、{{B}}Text 4{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
36.What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
（分数：2.00）
A.The habit of thinking independently.
B.Profound knowledge of the world.
C.Practical abilities for future career. √
D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是美国的父母们希望他们的孩子在学校里学什么。

根据文章第一段，尤其是句子“Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education--not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge．”，可知父母希望孩子获得实用的知识，因此选项C正确。

37.We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of ______.
（分数：2.00）
A.undervaluing intellect √
B.favoring intellectualism
C.supporting school reform
D.suppressing native intelligence
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是根据短文来看美国有着一种什么样的历史。

根据短文中第二段“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than
intellectual， says education writer Diane Ravitch，”可看出美国社会注重实用而轻文化素养，因此答案为A。

38.The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are ______.
（分数：2.00）
A.identical
B.similar
plementary
D.opposite √
解析：[试题分析] 本题为理解题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是Ravitch和Emerson两人关于学校教育的观点如何。

看第二段Ravitch的引言和第五段Emerson的引言，显然两人关于学校教育的观点是相反的。

所以选D。

39.Emerson, according to the text, is probably ______.
（分数：2.00）
A.a pioneer of education reform
B.an opponent of intellectualism √
C.a scholar in favor of intellect
D.an advocate of regular schooling
解析：[试题分析] 本题为推理题。

[详细解答] 题目问的是根据短文Emerson可能是一个什么样的人。

在文中第五段．他认为学校教育束缚孩子的天性，显然答案为B。

40.What does the author think of intellect?
（分数：2.00）
A.It is second to intelligence.
B.It evolves from common sense.
C.It is to be pursued. √
D.It underlies power.
解析：[试题分析] 本题为综合理解题，考查对短文主题的理解。

[详细解答] 题目问的是作者对文化素养怎么看。

综合全文，结合文章主题，不难捕捉到作者言语之中还是重视文化素养的，这也是本文的日的之处。

所以答案为C。

六、{{B}}Part B{{/B}}(总题数：5，分数：10.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。

这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

[翻译技巧] 成份转换，拆分，词类转换法。

[详细解答] 将assume译为“假设”不符合汉语习惯，应意译为“认为”。

have connection with应为“与．．．．有联系、关联”。

Which引导的非限制性定语从句是翻译的难点，which指代的是前面整句话，因此应译作“这一观点”。

diverse应理解为“不同的”，意译为“语言的千差万别”。

take root意为“扎根”。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱)。

是因为在此之后，这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了。

这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

[翻译技巧] 拆分，成份转换，词类转换法，增词。

[详细解答] be obliged to意为“对．．．．，．感激”，have since vanished 意为“从那以后消失了，不复存在了”，since表示的“从此以后”之意应体现出来。

die out“消失”之意，译作“死亡”不妥。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著，以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Spir编造了材料。

[翻译技巧] 拆分，成份转换，词类转换法。

[详细解答] strikingly 修饰different，指差别很明显，so... that“如此……以致”的固定搭配也是得分要点，newly described
和well studied均为过去分词短语作定语修饰languages，分别译作“新近被描述的”和“得到充分研究的”； accuse of表示“指责”，译作“控告”不得分。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

[翻译技巧] 增词，拆分，成份转换，词类转换法。

[详细解答] being interested in...为现在分词短语，应译作一个句子，即“Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣”。

develop与idea搭配表“形成观点”，develop译作“发展”不合汉语习惯。

habitual thought应译作“习惯思维”，若译作“思考、思想”均不搭配。

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()
解析：Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

[翻译技巧]拆分，成份转换，词类转换法，增词。

[详细解答] come to do sth．表示了过程的转化，因此应译出“进而”之意，a sort of表示“某种”，译作“类似于．．．．．．的(观点)”，in its strongest form表示“在其最强烈的形式下”，按汉语习惯译作“其极端说法是……”。

imprison不能译作“把....关在监狱中，闪禁”，应意译为“禁锢”，far-reaching应译作“深远的”，“伸得很远的”为错误译法。

七、{{B}}Section Ⅳ Writing{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：20.00)
（分数：20.00）
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解析：[参考范文] {{B}}Keeping Going{{/B}} The drawing vividly describes a runner who is arriving at the finishing line which is also the point he has started from. In the drawing, the runner is as if just running around the track of a play ground. On both side of the runner, there are two poles and a line between them. On the ground them are two signs which say "END ING" and "STARTING". Obviously, the painter wants to tell us that, just like running, whatever we are doing, we should never stop making progress, The ending point just means a new starting point at which we should set new goals and continue to pursue them. This view is absolutely right in every sense. Firstly, it applies to individuals as in such a competitive world everybody is trying to get ahead. Secondly, corporations and organizations of any kind should also embrace this view, for they act as an independent person in the market and should al ways look ahead for new openings and possibilities to enhance business. Thirdly, the country on the whole should move forward in terms of politics, economy, and culture so that we Chinese as a nation can gain sustained respect from other peoples. Examples to prove the view are abundant. The most persuasive are the cases of famous scholars like Qian Zhongshu and Ji Xianlin, whose success is gained through non -stop efforts. It goes without saying if they had been content with being just a regional or national champion and stopped practicing, they wouldn' t have accomplished so much and become world -famous. By contrast, a lot of people choose to take a rest to enjoy their small success and thus lose the motivation for further achievement. Similarly, plenty of companies are merged by bigger and more powerful ones just because they are overjoyed with their small profits and unaware of the danger posed by more ambitious rivals. In sum, keeping going should be the right attitude towards life and work for everybody and even for a country.。