英语语法知识点详解some any的区别

英语语法知识点详解some any的区别
Indefinite Pronouns不定代词:
SOME vs ANY
The most common grammar rule with SOME and ANY: SOME和ANY最基本的语法规则：
◆We use SOME with plural or uncountable nouns in a positive sentence.
◆SOME一般用于肯定句中，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。

◆SOME means an unspecific but limited amount or number.
◆SOME意为“一些”。

★I think your plant needs some water.
★我认为你的植物需要浇些水。

★Have some more vegetables.
★再吃点蔬菜吧。

◆We use ANY with plural or uncountable nouns in a negative sentence or
a positive sentence that has negative feelings or a question sentence or a conditional sentence.
◆ANY一般用于否定句（包括含有否定意思的肯定句）、疑问句和条件句中，修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。

★Mushrooms don’t need any light to grow.
★蘑菇不需要任何光照就能生长。

★I gave my speech without any notes.
★我演讲时没用任何笔记。

★He hardly had any hair left.
★他几乎没剩什么头发了。

★If you have any trouble, please let me know.
★如果你有任何麻烦，请告诉我。

★I have some time before my meeting.
★在开会前，我还有一些时间。

★I don’t have any time before my meeting.★在开会前，我没有时间。

★Do you have any time before your meeting?★你在开会前还有时间吗？
★I think this soup needs some more salt.
★我认为这道汤需要再多加一些盐。

★I don’t think this soup needs any more salt.★我认为这道汤无需再多加盐。

★He needs some help.
★他需要一些帮助。

★He doesn’t need any help.
★他无需任何帮助。

◆You can use SOME and ANY in a sentence without a noun if its meaning is clear or obvious.
◆如若句中所要表达的意思很清楚，SOME和ANY后可以省去名词。

★I didn’t eat any chocolate but Andy ate some.
★我没有吃任何巧克力，但安迪吃了一些。

★I took a lot of photos but Andy didn’t take any.
★我拍了很多照片，但安迪没有拍任何照片。

★I looked for some organic honey, but I couldn’t find any.
★我想买一些有机蜂蜜，但我没有买到。

Exceptions to SOME 例外情况:
◆We use SOME in questions when we are expecting the answer to be YES (offers, requests).
◆通常在表达提议或请求，并期待对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，使用SOME。

★Can you pick up some coffee on your way home?
★回来的路上，你能买些咖啡吗？
★Would you like some strawberries?
★你想吃点草莓吗？
★Do you need some help?
★你需要一些帮助吗？
★Can you take care of some things for me?
★你能为我处理一些事情吗？
★Can I take some time off?
★我能休息一段时间吗？
◆We can use SOME with a singular noun when the person or thing we’re talking about is unknown.
◆当我们谈论的人或事不明确时，我们可以用SOME + 单数可数名词，意为“某一”。

★If you are worried about some aspect of your child's health, call us.
★如果你担心你的孩子的某方面的健康问题，请给我们打电话。

★Some guy ca lled for you while you were gone.
★你不在的时候，有人给你打电话。

★Some boy broke the window.
★有个男孩打破了那扇窗户。

Exceptions to ANY 例外情况:
◆We can use ANY with a singular noun in an affirmative sentence when we mean “It doesn’t matter which one you choose”. But in a negative sentence, it means “It does matter”. In questions, it means “Does it matter?”.
◆ANY+单数可数名词，在肯定句中，表达的意思是选择哪一个都无所谓；在否定句中，表达的意思是选择哪一个有所谓；在疑问句中，表达的意思是选择哪一个有所谓吗？
★You can fly with any company.
★你可以选择任何一家航空公司飞行。

★Any child could answer that question.
★任何一个孩子都能回答那个问题。

★You can’t buy any cable for your laptop.
★你的电脑不是买什么线都可以的。

★Is any cake ok for your boss’s party?
★老板的聚会，什么样的蛋糕都可以吗？
★You can use any pen.
★什么笔都可以。

★You can’t use any pen. It has to be a black pen.★不是什么笔都可以的，必须用黑色的笔。

★Can I use any pen?
★用什么笔都可以吗？
固定搭配：
some day 来日、有朝一日
some day or other 迟早
not…any more/longer 不再
at any rate/in any case 无论如何。