北师大版高中英语必修5 unit 13 重点知识讲解

Lesson 1 & Warm up
一、重点单词
1、gain vt . 获得得到到达获利No pains , no gains. 不劳无获
1）gain, earn , acquire gain 付出努力后得到。

earn 赚得acquire 通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得
（1）He ___up to 100,000 yuan a year by writing stories. (2) I hope you will ___still a greater success.
(3) We want people to _____the habit of using public transport instead of their cars.
集中注意力、思想
2 、concentrate vt. & vi. 使集中于使汇集于concentration n. 专心集中
~ .....on /upon sth. 把（思想、注意力等）集中于
“专心于，全神贯注于”
focus / concentrate on fix one’s mind / attention on
apply one’s mind to be absorbed in
be buried in be dedicated to
be lost in be devoted to
3、associate v. 与...结合与....交往与....合伙把...与....联想在一起association n. 协会社团交往
1)~ sth./ sb. with sth./sb. 2)in association with 与...联合
(1) The cancer risks ____smoking have been well proved.
A associating with
B involved with
C involving with
D associated with
4、compare v. 比较comparison n. 比较comparable adj. 可比较的comparative adj. 比较的相对的1) ~ ....to ...把...比作.... 2) ~ with/to 与....比较起来3)beyond ~ 无与伦比
4）in comparison with/ to 与...比较
（1）They ____the Party ___mother. A compare, with B compare, as C treat, for D compare, to
（2）____many women , she was indeed very fortunate.
A Comparing to
B Compared
C Compared with
D Comparing with
5、result n. & v. 结果产生
as a result of 作为...的结果~ from 由...引起
~ in 导致with the ~ that 为此因此
without result 无结果徒劳
（1）The great success is due to his hard work and the terrible failure _____your carelessness.
A resulted from
B resulted in
C resulted
D is result of
6、express vt. 表达陈述表示expression n. 表情[C] 表达[U] 表示词语
without expression 毫无表情beyond expression 无法形容难以表达give expression to 表现出
The ____on his face told me that he was angry. A impression B sight C appearance D expression
(2) When my father returned from his trip to Jiuzhaigou, he said that the beautiful scenery there was beyond ____
A influence
B expression
C experience
D expectation
7、emergency n 紧急情况突然事件非常时刻（强调突如其来的或出乎意料的事情或情况）
in an emergency = in case of an ~ 遇到紧急情况在紧急关头declare a state of ~ 宣布进入紧急状态
（1）The pilot of the aircraft was forced to make an _____ landing on Lake Genva.
A emergency
B safety
C worry
D hurry
(2) An ambulance must have the right to go first over other traffic as it usually has to deal with some kinds of _____.
A emergency
B crisis
C event
D urgency
for 为...祈祷
8、pray vt. 祷告sb. for sth. 向某人恳求某物
sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
be ~ for 在....方面有天赋
9、gifted adj. 有天赋的有才华的
be ~ with 具有....的天赋
genius 语气最强天生的智慧
talent 语气较弱在某方面有可发展的天赋才能
gifted 普通用词有天赋但不一定有创造力
（1）-Tom has a best sense of rhythm. –Right, his ___for music showed at an early age.
A love
B appearance
C interest
D talent
暗示表明后面不用虚拟语气
10、suggest vt. suggestion n. 建议提议暗示
建议后面从句用虚拟语气
doing sth. 建议做某事
sb./sb’s doing sth. 建议某人做某事
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议
that 从句建议....
The parents suggested ___in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A sleep
B to sleep
C sleeping
D having slept
(2) – I’ve studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some_____? - Go right ahead.
A advices
B suggestions
C orders
D directions
(3) This munual is full of useful ______ A lips B advices C tips D suggestions
beyond ~ 难以形容难以描述
11、describe vt . 描述描绘description n. 描述形容give a ~ of 对....进行描述
describe doing 描述..... describe .....as... 把...称为...
（1）He stood up and gave a (an) ____of what he had seen.
A organization
B recognition
C description
D construction
sth. 值得
12、deserve vt 应得该得doing sth.= ~ to be done 值得做某事
to do sth. 做某事理所应当
（1）Give a hand if possible and these people in the flooded ares ___our help.
A desire
B determine
C decide
D deserve
(2) Peter is always coming late to work. He deserves ___
A punished
B being punished
C to punish
D to be punished
13、failure n. 失败（不可数）失败的人或事（可数）end in ~ = meet with ~ 终归失败
to do sth. .没能做成某事
fail v. 失败
in doing sth. 没能做成某事
（1）As a lecture , he doesn’t dare to speak in ____public , so he is thought of as ___failure.
A the, a
B a , the
C / , /
D / , a
14、mistaken adj. 弄错的错误的be ~ about /in 在某方面弄错了
n. by ~ 错误地
mistake n. 错误过失误会vt . 弄错误解把.....误认为n. make a ~ 犯错误
v. ~ A for B 把A当做B
15 promise v. & n. 许诺承诺诺言promising adj. 有希望的有前途的
keep/break a promise A promise is a promise 一诺千金promise sb.to sth. 答应某人做某事
one’s heart 伤透某人的心break up 粉碎散开
16 break down 破坏损坏break through 突破冲破
away 逃脱
（1）I’m afraid that I must ___this conversation . I have to go now. A break up B break away C break through D break (2) The glass must been ___ by the cat. A broken B destroyed C ruined D demolished
destroy 主语可以是人或物“毁坏”强调对“声誉、名声”的破坏，强调彻底性
ruin 主语为天灾人祸的无形力量对美好珍贵的东西的破坏，强调不可修复性
break 主语是人或物宾语可以时有形或无形的事物
demolish 主语是人或物
17 collect v. 收集collection n. 收集物collective adj. 共同的集体的collector n. 收藏家
collect 有计划或有选择的收集，有目的或爱好的收集逐渐收集的过程
accumulate 知识或经验的慢慢地获得或自然现象的变化
gather 围绕一个中心集合杂乱的集合
（1）She carefully ____ the letters and put them in order. A gathered B collected C accumulated D touched
(2) After he failed the exam, he tried his best to ___and then made a proper plan.
A gather his thoughts
B collect his ideas
C use his thoughts
D collect his thoughts
18、case n. 事件实情案件病例
dimiss a case 撤销案件hear a case 听审案件
any case 无论如何不管怎样no case 无论如何都不
in case 假使免得以防in the case of 至于.... ，就....来说case of 如果假使this case 既然这样
19、hold v. 握住容纳保持
one’s breath 屏住呼吸catch hold of 抓住hold on 继续坚持别挂断
hold out 伸出
back 阻止隐瞒get hold of 抓住hold up 举起
二、重点短语
1、make sense 有意义有道理明智的做法in a sense 在某种意义上
make sense of 了解.... common sense 常识
make no sense 没有意义无道理in no sense 决不
2、take turns to do sth= take turns at doing sth. in turn 依次后来by turns 轮流地out of turn 不合时宜
It’s one’s turn to do.... 轮到某人做.....
3、find out 查明弄清find, find out , look for区别
4、pay attention to “注意”to 介词contribute to 为...做贡献
according to 根据stick to 坚持see to 注意照顾
be used to 习惯于turn to 向...求助refer to 指涉及
devote.... to... 致力于lead to 导致belong to 属于
look forward to 期盼期待relate to 与...有关prefer....to.... 喜欢....不喜欢
5、come up with 产生发现想出（办法、答案）
across 偶遇偶然发现keep up with 跟上
about 出现发生
out 显露出版（花）开了宣布put up with 容忍
come round/around 苏醒改变主意
into being 形成产生catch up with 赶上
off 实现成功走开be fed up with 厌倦
on 来临出场
through 经历脱险
6、talk....into doing ...劝服某人做....= persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. in doing sth.
(1) Tom___ his father to agree to their plan about their wedding. They will celebrate the wedding in a church.
A tried to persuade
B talked
C tried to talk
D persuaded
7、deal with deal 的过去式、过去分词dealt
1）处理安排对付2）与...有生意往来3）论及涉及4)与do with 的区别
deal 时不及物动词所以deal with 与how 搭配，do 时及物动词，do with与what搭配
（1）I don’t know _____to do with the matter. (2) I don’t know _____to deal with the matter.
8、in terms of 在....方面就....方面来说
9、draw up 起草拟定制订draw off 排掉draw back 退缩draw sb. into 使某人卷入
10、get to 到达使烦恼
11、regard ......as.... 把....看作
think of ....as 把...看作treat....as 把...看作look on ....as 把...看作consider...as 认为such as 列举同类人或事物中的几个
12 for example 列举同类人或事物中的一个，作插入语，用逗号隔开
like 可与such as 互换
for instance 举“事例、情况”的例子
（1）The decision is disastrous ____. A in political terms B in political fields C in terms of D at term
(2) Wild flowers ______ are becoming rare.
A for example orchids
B such as orchids
C for instance orchids
D alike orchids
13、accuse sb. of sth. 指责/谴责/控诉/控告某人做了某事= charge sb with sth.
rob sb. of sth 抢夺某人某物cure sb of 医好某人的
rid sb. /sth. of 消灭某人/ 某物的warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
require/request / demand sb. of sth. 向某人要求某物
（1）Tom ___his boss of having broken his word. A blamed B accused C charged D scolded
注：blame sb for sth = scold sb. for sth 因某事责备某人。

三、重点句型
1、And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs .......
上句是个同位语从句，它是名词性从句，在句中起同位语的作用，一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词后面，对前面的名词做解释说明。

引导同位语从句的连词有that, when, where, whether.等。

The hope that he may recover is gone yet. I have no idea when he will come back.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
2、“（be）as + 形容词原级，if not +形容词比较级+than.....”“即使不比.....但至少.....”
He is as fat, if not fatter than she.
(1) He did ____, if not better than you . A worse B good C badly D well
3、have problems / troubles / difficulties / in doing sth. 在做某事方面有问题/困难
have a hard time doing sth. 在做某事上有困难
4、there is little / no doubt that......毫无疑问..... There is no / little doubt that he can finish the work on time.
5、when , as , while引导时间状语从句
1）when “在...时刻或时期”兼指时间段与时间点，从句动词终止性和延续性都可以。

when有“就在这时/那时”2）as “一边...一边”强调动作同时发生或伴随
3）while 指时间从句动作用延续性。

另外，while 也表示“而，却”体现前后的对比。

while还可以引导让步状语从句= although
(1) ____I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. A As B Since C If D While
(2) Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
A that
B which
C when
D where
(3) I do every single bit of housework _____my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
（4）She has just finished her homework ______ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A when
B while
C after
D since
(5) He was about to tell me the secret ______ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A as
B until
C while
D when
said that... 据说... hoped that .... 人们希望.....
thought that.... 有人认为....... ordered that..... 被命令....
6、It is well-known that.... 众所周知...... suggested that.... 据建议.....
required that..... 被要求..... demanded that.... 被要求.....
reported that .....据报道
四、语法总结：过去分词（既具备动词的性质，相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中做状语、表语、定语和宾补）
1、作状语
1）修饰谓语动词，说明动词的动作和状态（动作发生时的背景或状况），其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词的承受者。

过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。

(伴随)
1) _______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A Followed
B Followed by
C Being followed
D Having been followed
2）过去分词（短语）可以作条件、原因、时间、伴随、让步、方式、结果等状语
（1）表原因状语She soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
（2）表条件Given more time, I could do it much better.
(3) 表让步Repaired many times, the car still broke down on the road.
(4) 表伴随I finally reached the finishing line utterly exhausted.
（5 表时间Once caught , he will be sentenced to death.
(6) 表方式The soldiers lay on the ground , covered with nothing.
3) 过去分词作状语与状语从句的转换
（1）时间状语Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. →When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful
(2) 条件状语United, we will stand; divided , we will fall. →If we are united, we will stand; if we are divided, we will fall.
（3）原因状语用as, because, since
Encouraged by the progress he has made , he works harder. →As it is encouraged by the
progress he has made , he works harder
(4) 让步状语用although , though, even if
Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey→Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.
(5) 作方式状语若有连词as if ，就转换为as if 引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。

He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. →He began to cry as if he was bitten by snake.
(6) 作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。

Aunt Wu came in , followed by her daughter. →Aunt Wu came in , (and) she was followed by her daughter
注意：过去分词做状语，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。

1）______ , liquid can be caught into gases. A Heating B To be heated C Heated D Heat
2) _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A Being founded
B It was founded
C Founded
D Founding
3) _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A Given B To give C Giving D Having given
4) ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A Losing B Having lost C Lost D To lose
5) ______ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _____ at the party.
A Dressed, noticed
B Dressing; noticing
C Dressed; noticing
D Dressing; noticed
6) _____ the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships ____ 21,000 dollars.
A Judged; totaling
B To be judged; totaled
C Having judged, to total
D Judged; would total
7) Most of the people _____ to the party were famous scientists.
A invited
B to invite
C being invited
D inviting
8) The Olympic Games , ____ in 776 BC , didn’t include women players until 1919.
A first playing
B to be first played
C first played
D to be first playing
9) _____ my parents’ letter, I decided to write again.
A Not receive
B Not to receive
C Not received
D Not having received
2、作定语
1)前置定语：单个过去分词放在被修饰的名词前，作定语
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.（被动意义）a retired teacher They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. (完成意义)
2）后置定语放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written （=that has ever been written）
3、作表语表示主语的状态或思想感情等。

He looked worried after reading the letter.
作表语的过去分词可以由much, very, quite等修饰。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
4、作宾补作宾补的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。

作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

1）过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语如：see, hear, watch, notice,feel, think, suppose ,consider等。

I have never heard him spoken ill of by others. She felt a great weight taken off her mind.
He once heard the song sung in German.
2）过去分词可作使役动词的宾补，这类动词有：make, get , have, keep, leave等
He hurried to the station to meet his friend and left the work unfinished.
3)过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾补，这类动词有：like, want , wish, expect, order等。

He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
4）过去分词用在“with+ 宾语+ 宾补”这一结构中
With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building , his house looks like a beautiful garden.
5、过去分词与逻辑主语构成独立主格
All books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. The field ploughed, he began to spread seeds.
练习：
1）There were so many university students in Beijing ______ by the rich and kind businessman in the past ten years.
A help
B to help
C helped
D helping
2) The police will look for anyone _______ the criminal of course.
A being connected with
B connected with
C connecting with
D to connect with
3) My parents will be _____ with me if I fail to get the master degree .
A disappoint
B disappointed
C disappointing
D disappointment
4) The long speech given by the old professor seemed _____ and endless . He felt so ____ that he nearly fell asleep.
A disappointed; boring
B disappointed; bored
C disappointing; bored
D disappointing; boring
5) What’s the language _____ in Germany? A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak
6) The first textbook _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A have written
B to be written
C being written
D written
7) Because of my poor English I’m afraid I can’t make myself ______.
A understand
B to understand
C understanding
D understood
8) He was disappointed to find his suggestions _______.
A been turned down
B turned down
C to be turned down
D to turn down
9) The students were sitting in the classroom with their eyes ______ on the teacher.
A being
B fixed
C were fixed
D being fixed
Lesson 2
一、重点单词
1、personality n. 人格人性person n. 人人类personal adj. 个人的私人的personally adv.
就自己而言personnel n. 人员员工
1）Even if you tell him to do the job _______. he won’t do it.
A personally
B in person
C in personnel
D by yourself
2) In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _____ in personality.
A contact
B contrast
C connection
D conflict
3) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _____ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A temper
B appearance
C talent
D character
temper “脾气”从感情方面体现出来的
character 对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常与道德有关
nature 指天性
personality 指个性
2、independent adj. 独立的自治的自主的
depend on / upon be independent of 不依靠
dependence on / upon 依靠信赖independence 与from 搭配
dependent on / upon it / that depends 那得视情况而定
1）Nigeria gained ____ from Britain in 1960. A dependent B dependence C independent D independence
2) John is very _____ ; he almost can do everything by himself.
A independent
B confident
C reliable
D flexible
3、characteristic n. 特点特性adj. 独特的characterize vt . 是....的特征具有.....的特征
character n. 个性性格文字人物in character 与自身特点相符out of character 与自身特点不符be different in character 有不同性格
1）There were one or two strange-looking ____ hanging around the bar.
A character
B characteristics
C characters
D characteristic
2) According to the literary review , Shakespeare ______ his characters live through their language in his plays.
A will make
B had make
C was making
D makes
3) How many _____ are there in the play？A character B characters C characteristic D characteristics
4、selfish adj. 自私的selfless adj. 无私的selflessness n. 无私忘我selfishness n. 自私
selfishly adv. 自私地
1）He offered to help for purely _____ reasons. A self B selfish C well D warm
5、desire n 渴望欲望v. 想要意欲希望要求请求
have a strong ~ for doing sth. 迫切想要做某事~ that sb. ( should) do sth 要求/渴望某人做某事
have a strong ~ to do sth. 迫切想要做某事by ~ 应邀
~ (sb.) to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事at sb’s ~ 应某人的要求
1）I have a long _____ to meet them. A desire B desired C desirable D desirably
2) I have no ____ to discuss the question now. A desire B need C request D advice
3) She _____ that you should call her as soon as you come back. A desires B wants C wishes D hopes
4) My great ____ is to return home. A desire B want C wish D hope
desire 正式用语强调“主观愿望的热切性”含有“强烈希望做某事”
want 普通场合，指“想”“需要”表示“较弱的偏爱”或“强烈的需要”
wish 语气比desire 弱一般用于“难以实现或不可能实现的愿望”，强调“主语的主观愿望”，指“希望”“想”
I wish I were a bird （虚拟语气）
5、imagine vt. 想象
imagination n. 想象想象的事物想象力imaginary adj. 想象中的幻想的虚构的imaginative adj. 创新的富于想象力的imaginable adj. 可想象的想象的出的image n. 印象映像imaginal adj. 想象的
6、satisfy vt. 使满意使高兴使满足
satisfaction n. 满意满足[U] 快事乐事[C] in satisfaction 满意地
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的to one’s satisfaction 是某人满意
satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的be satisfied with (to do ) sth. 对（做）....感到满意
7、requirement n. 需要要求必需品必要条件
1）meet one’s requirements / needs / demands 满足某人的要求
2）requirement 后面的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”
3）require vt. 需要要求
（1）Our latest model should meet your _____ exactly. A require B requirement C satisfied D satisfy
(2) He has filled all _____ for promotion. A desire B decisions C requests D requirements
(3) His ____ that we should complete the plan before the weekend is reasonable.
A require
B answer
C problem
D requirement
8、assistant n. 助手助理售货员adj. 助理的辅助的
assist vt. 援助帮助assistance n. 帮助援助
help 普通词强调使受助者达到目的或侧重受助者对帮助的需要
assistance 正式用词常指帮助完成不太重要的那一部分
aid 比help 正式，侧重受助者处于困难或危险境地急需帮助
1)The director had her ____ pick up some hot dogs for the meeting. A assist B assistance C assistant D assisting
2)用assist的适当形式填空
（1）She work as an ____ in the research into the cause of cancer.
(2) Can you _____ me in looking for my lost wallet? (3) He highly appreciated their _____.
9、choose vt. & vi. 选择挑选
1）We ___ him as monitor. A chose B selected C elected D picked
choose 强调在“选择”某物时的意愿，特别是当供挑选物只有两个时，应当用choose
select 指有好几个东西可供选择时，因为有较多的被挑选物，所以必须加以鉴别
pick 用作“挑选”不强调“鉴别”和“意愿”
elect 普选、由下而上的挑选
二、重点短语
1、believe in 相信
believe sb. to be .... 相信某人是.... make believe 假装
believe sb. to have done......相信某人已经做..... believer n. 信徒
believe it or not 信不信由你belief n. 信念信仰
1）Whatever you want to do , I’ll support you. Even if others don’t ______ you can succeed, I will .( 2009 湖南)
A believe in
B believe
C belief
D trust in
2、give up 放弃~ doing sth. 放弃做某事
（1）Bill Gates was so nice that he decided to ____ ninety percent of his money to the charities.
A give up
B give away
C give out
D give off
in 屈服投降out 分发发布公布
give away 捐赠泄露give and take 互相让步give over 住手off 发出（气味、光热等）back 归还恢复
（2）Don’t ____ now , you’ll improving all the time. A give up B give out C give off D give away
(3) Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story ,or it may _____ the shocking ending.
A give away
B give out
C give up
D give off
（4）We failed to persuade him ____ drinking . He still loves wine. (2009 南昌)
A to give in
B to give over
C to give up
D to have a lot of
Lesson 3
一、重点单词
1、interested adj. 感兴趣的interesting adj. 有趣的interest n. 兴趣利益
at interest 生利息take (an) interest in ......对......有兴趣
in the interests of ... .. 为了.....的利益with interest 有趣地
of interest 有兴趣的重要的fun n. 好玩有趣funny adj. 滑稽的可笑的
1）When he saw the ______ film, he began to take _____ in acting. (2009 湖北)
A amusing; interest
B fun; interest
C funny; interesting
D interesting; interested
2、upset adj. 不安的不快的不适的vt. 使烦恼使心烦意乱（upset upset ）vi. 翻到倾覆
be upset about / over sth. 为某事感到不安be upset at sth. 因某事感到不安
1）She was ____ that he had left without saying goodbye. A curious B upset C anxious D involved
2) She was ____ because she lost the necklace borrowed from her friend.
A upset
B delighted
C excited
D satisfied
3) I don’t regret _____ even if it might have upset her.
A to tell her what I thought
B to have told her that I thought
C telling what I thought
D telling her what I thought
3、get vi (使)到达
get done (例如get changed 换衣服) 一表被动，二表偶然发生的事或意想不到的事
注意：go 作系动词“变得”一般指向不好的方向变化，get作系动词“渐渐....起来”强调逐渐变化。

（1）- How are the team playing ? - They are playing well. but one of them ____hurt,
A got
B gets
C are
D were
(2) On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine ,she ___pale. A got B changed C went D appeared
hurt 受伤separated 分离paid 得到报酬
get drunk 醉了get tired 累了get married 结婚
killed 送命bored 厌烦dressed 穿衣服
get lost 迷路get angry 生气get fat 发胖
4、fault n. & v. 过失过错
find ~ in 看出.....的缺点找出......毛病at fault （对发生不好的事情）有过错（某人的）过失find ~ (with) 挑剔对.....吹毛求疵for all one’s faults 尽管（某人）有各种缺点
find ~ about 挑.....的毛病be one’s fault 某人的过失
1）- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. I was answering a phone. –Oh, that’s not your ______
A mistake
B cause
C reason
D fault
2) “I don’t think it’s my _____ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on , that’s all, ”said the boy.
A error
B mistake
C fault
D duty
3) The police have looked into the accident. But they don’t know who should be responsible for the ______ (2009 南昌)
A fault
B mistake
C error
D mistakes
fault“过失”多指性格上得弱点、行为上的过失，强调要为过失负责。

或指“缺点”特指缺乏某要素而不完美shortcoming 可指人或事物的本质上的不足之处（常用复数）
error 通用词指任何错误“犯错误”可以说“commit / make an error”
mistake 指判断或理解方面或指因考虑不周而造成的错误，make a mistake
5、explore v. 钻研调查勘探explorer n. 探险家探测者exploration n . 探险勘探explorative adj. 探险的
6、shelter vi. 躲避遮蔽庇护vt .(使) 掩蔽为....提供庇护保护n. 遮盖物躲避物避难所
1）Some parents are just too protective . They want to ____ their kids from every kind of danger , real or imagined.
A spot
B dismiss
C shelter
D distinguish
2) They took ____ under the trees when the rainstorm came. A shelter B roof C screen D cover
7、top n. 顶部盖子
at the top of the tree 高居首位from top to toe 从头到脚
blow one’s top 大发脾气in top 用最高速档
come out on top 名列前茅on (the ) top of 在.....上方on top 在上方成功的胜利的
8、bleed vi. 流血出血引申为“（为国家、主义等）流血，牺牲”vt. （对人）勒索敲诈钱财
~ for 为......而流血悲痛~ sb dry/ white 榨干钱财~ to death 失血过多而死亡
1）All the young soldiers are ready to ________ _______ _______ _________ (为国家流血牺牲)
2）In the old society , the farmers were ____ dry by the landlords. A bleed B bleeding C bled D bleeded
9、broken adj. 破的断的（语言）拙劣的不流利的
10、relief n. 减轻宽慰[C] 宽慰的事[U] relieve vt. 缓和减轻解除
give sb. relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦with relief 轻松地to one’s relief 使某人大为放心的是使某人深感宽慰的是
1）Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of _____. A reply B represent C request D relief
2) To the great ____ of the citizens , no one else was infected with H1N1 except the 12 confirmed cases at the time.
A relaxation
B disappointment
C relief
D surprise
二、重点短语
1、on one’s own 独自独立地of one’s own 属于某人自己的hold one’s own 坚持住支撑住
Every student should write ___ short play and then invite your parents to act it out.
A an
B an interest
C your own
D on your own
2、on one’s way to 即将成为
by the way 顺便说附带说by way of 经由通过.....的方法feel one’s way 摸黑走谨慎行事
in no way 决不lose one’s way 迷路no way 没门别想
in this way ( =by this means = with this method) 用这种方法
1）What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.
A the way
B in the way that
C in the way
D the way which
3、at the moment 此时当时for the moment 暂时目前the moment (= as soon as) 一.....就......
4、tell sb. off
1）斥责训诫tell sb. off for doing sth 因做了某事而责备某人tell sb. off 的被动语态be told off “挨骂”
2）派出抽调出
（1）Tom ____ for being late for class. A told off B blamed C was told off D was taught
三、重点句型
1、I saw she had tears running down her cheeks at ..............
本句中“have sb / sth . doing sth.”表示“任由某人或某物一直做某事，让某人或某物一直做某事”
have sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事
肯定句让某人一直做某事
have sb. doing sth 否定句容忍允许
have sth. to do / be done 有某事要做（不定式作定语）
让人做某事（作宾补）
have sth. done 遭遇某种不幸（作宾补）
1）You are caught stealing this time. Do you have anything _____ ? A to say B saying C said D to be said
2) The TV set he _____ works well now. A has repaired B having repaired C has been repaired D has had repaired
3) – Can you attend tomorrow’s meeting？- I am sorry, but I will have too much work_____.
A to see to come
B seeing to come
C to see to coming
D doing to come
2、Their friends are really upset and have been waiting ...................
上句中“have been waiting是现在完成进行时
1）She ____ for the celebration of this new year for 4 hours.
A was well prepared
B has been preparing
C had been prepared
D prepares
3、And one of them might be bleeding or have a broken arm or leg.
上句中might be ..... 中might 表示猜测，意为“可能”，基本结构有“might + 动词原形”或“might + have done ”，常用于肯定句。

1）Everything is out of order. The room _____ A can’t have been broken into
B mightn’t have been broken into
C needn’t have been broken into
D must have been broken into
2) - ____ you lend me some money ? - Yes, I _____
A Could; can
B Could; could
C Can; could
D Will ; could
3) – Need I finish it before 10 o’clock ? - Yes, you ____. A need B can C might D must
4) He ____ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t enjoy himself by the seaside. (2019北京)
A should
B must
C wouldn’t
D can’t
5) This cake is very sweet . You ____ a lot of sugar in it.
A should put
B could have put
C might put
D must have put
6) – Could I do it ? - Yes, you _____ A may B might C could D can
7) - _____ I use your bike ? - Yes, you ____ . But you mustn’t keep it too long. I’ll ride it to dinner.（2009 长沙）
A Could; could
B Could; must
C Can; can
D Could ; can
四、语法总结：表猜测的情态动词
1、must的用法
1)、表示推测“可能性”时，意思为“一定、准是”语气较肯定，较有把握。

如
﹡He must be American = It is certain that he is American.
2)、must 表推测只能用于肯定句。

如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用can’t, 如询问某种可能性，应用can He must know my address. (一定) He can’t know my address (一定不) Can he know my address. (可能性) 3)、must 表示推测时，可以推测现在/ 正在发生/ 过去发生的动作。

﹡He must have a car now.(现在) He must be doing his exercises in the classroom. (正在进行)
﹡He must have finished the work. (过去)
4)、在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的must 时，疑问部分的助动词应与must 后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。

He must be a worker , isn’t it ?
﹡It must have rained last night, didn’t it ? ﹡You must have learned English for many years , haven’t you ?
2、can / could 的用法
1）can 表示推测“可能性”时，多用于否定句和疑问句。

can’t “一定不、不可能”语气很肯定。

can 在疑问句中意思是“会、可能”
﹡He can’t be at home = It is impossible that he is at home.
2) can / can’t 后接进行时/ 完成时/ ，表示对现在发生的动作或过去发生动作进行推测。

﹡They can’t be reading in the library.
﹡He can’t have gone to Shanghai , for I saw him a minute ago. ﹡It’s so late . Where can she have gone?
3）在反意疑问句中，当陈述部分含有表示推测意义的can’t 时，疑问部分的助动词应与can’t 后面的动词在非推测情况下得用法保持一致。

He can’t be a teacher , is he ? She can’t have finished her homework , has she ?
4) could 可用于表示某事有可能发生或可能是事实。

could还用于表示委婉、礼貌、客气的请求语气。

﹡Don’t eat it , It could be poisonous. ﹡The plane could be delayed by fog.
﹡Excuse me , could you tell me the way to the bus station ?
5) couldn’t 表示否定推测，表示某事不可能真实，或由于特定事实或环境某事肯定不会发生。

It couldn’t possibly be poison.
注意：有时与形容词的比较级连用强调某人或某物不可能再更多地具有某种属性。

﹡You couldn’t be more wrong. 你真是大错特错。

﹡I couldn’t be happier. 我简直幸福极了。

3、may 与might 的用法
1）may 和might 表示推测“可能性”时，意为“可能、也许”语气没有must肯定。

might 不表示过去时，只是语气比may 委婉，可能性更小。

2）may, might 表示推测时，可用于否定句，意为“可能不、也许不”但不用于疑问句。

﹡He may / might not be at home.
3)may, might 可以推测现在正在发生或过去发生的动作
﹡He may / might be sleeping now ﹡These students may / might have seen the film before .
注意：may/ might have done 只用于肯定句或否定句，表示对情况的猜测，意为“也许”“已经”“本来可以”等。

其否定形式含义为“大概不会”“可能不是”等。

而疑问句形式要用can或could 来提问。

4）may, might 还可以推测将来，（must 不行）。

﹡I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. ﹡She might not come this afternoon.
4、should 的用法
1）should 表示推测，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果。

﹡We should arrive before dark.
2) should 也可以表示必要性，意为“（义务上）应该”should 表必要性比must语气弱，“should + 动原”表示现在或将来应该做（的必要性）；“should + have + 过去分词”表示过去本应该做的（必要性）
练习：
1）Naturally , after I told her what to do , my daughter ____ go and do the opposite !
A may
B can
C must
D should
2）-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter . – It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A may not be
B won’t be
C couldn’t be
D mustn’t be
3) – Is Jack on duty today ? - It ____ be him, It’s his turn tomorrow.
A mustn’t
B won’t
C can’t
D needn’t
4) – Somebody is knocking at the door, Who ____ it be ? - It ___ be Wang Hong.
– No, It ___ be Wang Hong , because she left for Shanghai this morning.
A can’t ; can’t; must
B must; can; can’t
C can; must ; can’t
D should; can; can’t。