人教版八年级下册Unit 1- Unit 2 语法复习课件
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
八下语法复习 unit 1-unit 2
Unit 1
情态动词should
should属于情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,不能单独作 谓语,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。should的否 定形式为should not,缩写形式为shouldn’t。在疑问句中 should位于主语前面。
We should go home at once. 我们应该马上回家。 You shouldn’t smoke here. 你不应该在这里抽烟。
我们应该尊重老人。
3. 用来表示要求、命令。 e.g. You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.
在课堂上你应该认真听老师讲课。 4. 表示可能性、期望以及推测即将发生的情况。
e.g. They should be there by now. 他们现在应该到那儿了。
2. It’s not good for you to smoke so much. You’d better __C___.
A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up D. give up them
3. My cousin volunteers in the Children’s Home. His job is to__C__
6. 你应当多喝开水。 You _sh__o_u_ld_ drink _m__o_r_e hot water.
用合适的反身代词填空。
1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card fohrim__se_l_f ___ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _m__y_se_l_f _ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look afterth_e_m_s_e_lv_e_s___ very well. 4. My cat can find food by i_ts_e_lf__.
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary. It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
动词+副词+介词
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: 想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget) 需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn) 选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help) 希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
2 类别
动词+介词 相当于及物动词,后面必须有宾语,且宾语只能 位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢;照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意
wait for 等待
➢ I agree with what you said. ➢He cared for her more than she realized.
动词+名词+介词
相当于及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明 程度,宾语位于介词之后。 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾 make friends with 与······交朋友
➢It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. ➢We could make better use of our resources.
相当于及物动词, 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 look forward to 期望
come up with 想出 run out of 用完;耗尽
➢He worked hard to catch up with his classmates. ➢I’m looking forward to the weekend.
should用法荟萃
1. 用来向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事,意为“应 该;应当”。
e.g. —Tom, I have a toothache. 汤姆,我牙痛。 —You should see a dentist. 你应当去看牙医。
2. 表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任。 e.g. We should respect the old.
反身代词小结:
myself (我自己) ,yourself (你自己)是反身代词。表示“某 人自己的词”叫反身代词。见下表:
myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己
yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己
himself herself itself 他自己 她自己 它自己
I want to have something to eat. 她得到一份照顾一位老人的工作。 She got a job to take care of an old man.
No.6 作状语
动词不定式可用来作目的状语(放在句首或句尾),
原因状语(跟在作表语的形容词后面)和结果状语
(用在too…to结构中)。
yourselves 5. Help __________ to some beef, boys.
Unit 2 动词不定式
1.定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有 人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
2.构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原 形”,常写作to do(有时to可以省略), 否定形式为not to do 。 He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone.
3.用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特 征,因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、 定语和状语等。
No.1 作主语
一般位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。 例:学外语很有用。
To learn foreign languages is very useful. =It’s very useful to learn foreign languages.
例:他教我如何使用手机。
He taught me how to use mobile phone.
No.2 作宾语
常用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定式放在后面 作真正的宾语。
我认为锻炼很有帮助。 I think it helpful to do exercise.
No.2 作宾语
动词不定式 作宾语
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
No.3 作宾语补足语
help后的不定式可省略to,也可以带上to。 例:我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。
My brother often helps me (to) do the housework.
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作 宾语补足语时,to可有可无)”。
_S_h_o_u_ld_ __I__ __o_p_他胃痛,24小时内不要进食。 He has a stomachache. He _s_h_o_u_ld_n__’t_ eat anything in 24 hours.
5. 嗓子痛会导致你发烧。 _A__ s_o_r_e_ t_h_r_o_a_t can give you a _f_e_v_e_r_.
动词+副词
动词+副词
①可看作及物动词,名词作宾语 时,可位于动词与副词之间或副 词之后;代词作宾语时;只能位 于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净 give up 放弃 put off 推迟 take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低;拒绝 turn up 出现;调高
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,往往用it代替不 定式作形式主语,而将不定式放在后面作真正 的主语。
No.2 作宾语
主语+谓语+ to do
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有
want/plan/agree/learn/
hope/refuse/decide to do 等。
另一种是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语
No.3 作宾语补足语
在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at 之后接不带to的动词不定式作宾 语补足语。 例:半小时前我看见她离开了。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
No.4 作表语
一、主语是不定式(表条件);表语也是不定式(表结果) 例:工作意味着谋生。
To work means to earn a living.
二、动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构:My job/
dream/goal/aim is…
例:他的梦想是在不久的将来出国学习。
His dream is to study abroad in the near
No.5 作定语
动词不定式作定语时,应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 例:我想吃点东西。
be+形容词+介词
相当于及物动词, 宾语位于介词之后。
be different from 与······不同 be famous for 因为······而出名
be busy with 忙于······
be similar to 与······相似
➢The girl is afraid of dogs. ➢China is famous for its long history.
She raised her voice to be heard better目.的状语
I’m sorry to trouble you.
原因状语
She is too young to go to school.
结果状语
动词短语
1 定义 动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称 为动词短语,其作用和动词差不多,有的 相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词。
5. Should/Shall I …?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。
e.g. Should I help you clean the bedroom? 要不要我帮你打扫卧室?
6. “假如;万一”。表可能。常用于if 引导的条件状语从句 中。
e.g. If you should change your mind, please let me konw. 假如你改变主意的话,请告诉我。
➢Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing. ➢He decided to help the homeless.
No.3 作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有tell, ask, want, teach, promise, expect, wish, invite, would like等。 例:他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
themselves 他(她、它)们自己
Exercises
根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. 你应该按时完成作业。
You _s_h_o_u_l_d_ __fi_n_is_h_ your homework on time. 2. 你不应该相信陌生人。
You _sh_o_u__ld_n_’_t _b_e_l_ie_v_e_ strangers. 3. 我应该打开窗户吗?
一、单项选择。
Exercises
1. Our school has __A___ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child
with a smile, not a mobile.”
A. put up B. put off
C. put on
D. put in
Unit 1
情态动词should
should属于情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,不能单独作 谓语,后接动词原形,没有人称和数的变化。should的否 定形式为should not,缩写形式为shouldn’t。在疑问句中 should位于主语前面。
We should go home at once. 我们应该马上回家。 You shouldn’t smoke here. 你不应该在这里抽烟。
我们应该尊重老人。
3. 用来表示要求、命令。 e.g. You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.
在课堂上你应该认真听老师讲课。 4. 表示可能性、期望以及推测即将发生的情况。
e.g. They should be there by now. 他们现在应该到那儿了。
2. It’s not good for you to smoke so much. You’d better __C___.
A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up D. give up them
3. My cousin volunteers in the Children’s Home. His job is to__C__
6. 你应当多喝开水。 You _sh__o_u_ld_ drink _m__o_r_e hot water.
用合适的反身代词填空。
1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card fohrim__se_l_f ___ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _m__y_se_l_f _ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look afterth_e_m_s_e_lv_e_s___ very well. 4. My cat can find food by i_ts_e_lf__.
This is a new word. You’d better look it up in the dictionary. It’s too noisy. Please turn down the TV. =It’s too noisy. Please turn the TV down.
动词+副词+介词
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: 想要 拒绝 忘记 (want, refuse, forget) 需要 努力 学习 (need, try, learn) 选择 同意 帮助 (choose, agree, help) 希望 决定 开始 (hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
2 类别
动词+介词 相当于及物动词,后面必须有宾语,且宾语只能 位于介词之后。
look after 照顾 look at 看 care for 非常喜欢;照顾
think about 考虑 agree with 同意
wait for 等待
➢ I agree with what you said. ➢He cared for her more than she realized.
动词+名词+介词
相当于及物动词,名词前可加形容词说明 程度,宾语位于介词之后。 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾 make friends with 与······交朋友
➢It’s impolite to make fun of your classmate. ➢We could make better use of our resources.
相当于及物动词, 宾语位于介词之后。
catch up with 赶上 look forward to 期望
come up with 想出 run out of 用完;耗尽
➢He worked hard to catch up with his classmates. ➢I’m looking forward to the weekend.
should用法荟萃
1. 用来向别人提出建议或劝告别人做某事,意为“应 该;应当”。
e.g. —Tom, I have a toothache. 汤姆,我牙痛。 —You should see a dentist. 你应当去看牙医。
2. 表示现在或将来的某种义务或责任。 e.g. We should respect the old.
反身代词小结:
myself (我自己) ,yourself (你自己)是反身代词。表示“某 人自己的词”叫反身代词。见下表:
myself 我自己 ourselves 我们自己
yourself 你自己 yourselves 你们自己
himself herself itself 他自己 她自己 它自己
I want to have something to eat. 她得到一份照顾一位老人的工作。 She got a job to take care of an old man.
No.6 作状语
动词不定式可用来作目的状语(放在句首或句尾),
原因状语(跟在作表语的形容词后面)和结果状语
(用在too…to结构中)。
yourselves 5. Help __________ to some beef, boys.
Unit 2 动词不定式
1.定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有 人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。
2.构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原 形”,常写作to do(有时to可以省略), 否定形式为not to do 。 He wants to sit. Tell him not to live alone.
3.用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特 征,因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、 定语和状语等。
No.1 作主语
一般位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。 例:学外语很有用。
To learn foreign languages is very useful. =It’s very useful to learn foreign languages.
例:他教我如何使用手机。
He taught me how to use mobile phone.
No.2 作宾语
常用it作形式宾语,而将动词不定式放在后面 作真正的宾语。
我认为锻炼很有帮助。 I think it helpful to do exercise.
No.2 作宾语
动词不定式 作宾语
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
No.3 作宾语补足语
help后的不定式可省略to,也可以带上to。 例:我哥哥经常帮助我做家务。
My brother often helps me (to) do the housework.
一感(feel)二听(listen to, hear) 三让(let, make, have )四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help) (即在动词 help 后面作 宾语补足语时,to可有可无)”。
_S_h_o_u_ld_ __I__ __o_p_他胃痛,24小时内不要进食。 He has a stomachache. He _s_h_o_u_ld_n__’t_ eat anything in 24 hours.
5. 嗓子痛会导致你发烧。 _A__ s_o_r_e_ t_h_r_o_a_t can give you a _f_e_v_e_r_.
动词+副词
动词+副词
①可看作及物动词,名词作宾语 时,可位于动词与副词之间或副 词之后;代词作宾语时;只能位 于动词与副词之间。
②有的也可看作不及物动词。
cheer up 振奋起来 clean up 打扫干净 give up 放弃 put off 推迟 take away 拿走 fix up 修理 turn down 调低;拒绝 turn up 出现;调高
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,往往用it代替不 定式作形式主语,而将不定式放在后面作真正 的主语。
No.2 作宾语
主语+谓语+ to do
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有
want/plan/agree/learn/
hope/refuse/decide to do 等。
另一种是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作动词或介词的宾语
No.3 作宾语补足语
在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at 之后接不带to的动词不定式作宾 语补足语。 例:半小时前我看见她离开了。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
No.4 作表语
一、主语是不定式(表条件);表语也是不定式(表结果) 例:工作意味着谋生。
To work means to earn a living.
二、动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构:My job/
dream/goal/aim is…
例:他的梦想是在不久的将来出国学习。
His dream is to study abroad in the near
No.5 作定语
动词不定式作定语时,应放于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 例:我想吃点东西。
be+形容词+介词
相当于及物动词, 宾语位于介词之后。
be different from 与······不同 be famous for 因为······而出名
be busy with 忙于······
be similar to 与······相似
➢The girl is afraid of dogs. ➢China is famous for its long history.
She raised her voice to be heard better目.的状语
I’m sorry to trouble you.
原因状语
She is too young to go to school.
结果状语
动词短语
1 定义 动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的短语称 为动词短语,其作用和动词差不多,有的 相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词。
5. Should/Shall I …?用来征求意见、提供帮助或请求指示。
e.g. Should I help you clean the bedroom? 要不要我帮你打扫卧室?
6. “假如;万一”。表可能。常用于if 引导的条件状语从句 中。
e.g. If you should change your mind, please let me konw. 假如你改变主意的话,请告诉我。
➢Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing. ➢He decided to help the homeless.
No.3 作宾语补足语
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有tell, ask, want, teach, promise, expect, wish, invite, would like等。 例:他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
themselves 他(她、它)们自己
Exercises
根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 1. 你应该按时完成作业。
You _s_h_o_u_l_d_ __fi_n_is_h_ your homework on time. 2. 你不应该相信陌生人。
You _sh_o_u__ld_n_’_t _b_e_l_ie_v_e_ strangers. 3. 我应该打开窗户吗?
一、单项选择。
Exercises
1. Our school has __A___ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child
with a smile, not a mobile.”
A. put up B. put off
C. put on
D. put in