英语2班-文体学chapter10

There are three main kinds of abbreviations in English headlines
1、组织机构等专有名称， IMF=International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织 WHO=World Health Organization(世界卫生组织) APEC=the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织 ASEAN=the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟 CPC=the Communist Party of China 中国共产党 IMF＝the International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织 IOC=the International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会 NATO=the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 NPC=the National People’s Congress （中国）全国人民代表大会
Formats of headlines版式
1,the banner/streamer大字标语（boldface)
2,the flush left head左对齐
3,the dropped line/indented head缩进排版
4,the centered head
5,the cross-line/key line head
● About News Reports
Journalist English refers to the English used in newspapers and magazines in a broad sense . However, in our course , we are referring to news reports only .
• Tennis gold a first at Olympics • Tennis gold is the first at the Olympics
2 frequent use of abbreviations S Americans take steps to prevent US spying S Americans= South Americans
Provincial Papers: published outside the capital . eg: The Yorkshire Post , The Scotsman, Kansas City Star... 2. According to the contents of the paper . Quality Papers : carry more serious news, like important world and domestic events , politics , finance ... eg: The Daily Telegraph , Washington Post ... Popular Papers : devoted to sensational stories , comic strips , pin-ups , and sports in order to attract the readers' attention. eg:The Daily Mirror , The Sun ,The Daily Express...
6, frequent use of figures of speech修辞格 A, Phonetic (alliteration, repetition, rhyme) • Death Doesn’t Stop Donors 死者已矣, 捐献仍 存。-------- alliteration • Desperate Need, Desperate Deed 燃眉之急, 夺 命之举-------- repetition • Bye-bye, American Pie (Time, 1996) 拜拜，‘美国派’，福利救济不再来” ---- rhyme
3 a, present tense is often used -------show newness, freshness • China launches space satellite • Bangkok fire leaves 17000 homeless b, future tense(be to do ,be doing) • U.N. to Resume Food Aid to N. Korea • U.N. Is to Resume Food Aid to N. Korea c, “-ed participle” is used to express “passive voice”, and “be” is always omitted. • Man held by police • A man is being held by the police
2.Washington Post 3. Los Angeles Times 4. Christian Science Monitor (基督教科学箴言报) 5. International Herald Tribune (国际先驱论坛报) 6. USA Today ...
American Magazines:
F, Parody （套用名言﹑典故﹑谚语 和文学著作之名） • To Save Or Not To Save • Where there is smoke, there is cash. G,Personification 拟人 • Hurricane Watch飓风在看着 • The Economy Smile经济迈出低谷 H, Exaggeration 夸张 A Vow to Zip His Lips. 誓将守口如瓶
B,Oxymoron 矛盾修辞法 • Soft Drinks; Hard Facts • Joy or Pain? C,Metonymy 借代 • Ballots, Not Bullets (Times, 1995 Ballots (选票)代指了和平和民主 Bullets (子弹)代指战争
D,Satirize 讽刺 • Travel Service with No Service 旅行社不服务 E,metaphor 比喻 • Middle East : A Cradle of Terror 中东: 恐怖主义 的摇篮
2、常见事物的名称， UFO=Unidentified Flying Object(不明飞行物；“飞碟”) DJI=Dow-Jones Index(道·琼斯指数) SALT=Strategic Arms Limitation Talks(限制战略武器会谈) 3、表示人们的职业、职务或职称的名词， PM=Prime Minister(总理；首相) GM=General Manager(总经理) VIP=Very Important Person(贵宾；要人) TP=Traffic Policeman(交通警察) PA=Personal Assistant(私人助理)
4，short, powerful words are often employed • Tech trade conference scheduled (Tech = Technological or technology) 5, the use of pre-modification Super Typhoon roars into Philippines
6,the step head
7,the pyramid head
Байду номын сангаас
8,the invented pyramid head
9,the jump head(换页）
The lead
The first or the few paragraphs of the news report，consisting of the newest, most important, or the most attractive facts. 5“W”, 1“H” :What, Who, Where, Why, When, How Features :succinct, informative, intriguing
About News Reports Different Kinds of Newspapers and Magazines The Make-Up of News Reports 1. The Headline 2. The Lead 3. The Body Analyze A News Report
6. The Sunday Times (周日泰晤士报)
British Magazines:
1. The Economist
2. The News Statesman
3. New Society
The Make-up of News Reports
The headline
The lead
The body
3. According to the time of their publication , there are morning papers , noon papers , evening papers , Sunday papers , etc .
American Newspapers:
1.The New York Times
newsocietysitthemakeupofnewsreports?theheadline?thelead?thebodyheadline?thesoulofnewsreport?summarizethenewscontent?briefvivideyecatchingexpressiveattractivethemainfeaturesofheadlines1theomissionofarticlesandthelinkverbtosavespaceoftenomitpreptheaanisarelinkingwordssometimesevensubjectnounsandverbs?tennisgoldafirstatolympics?tennisgoldisthefirstattheolympics2frequentuseofabbreviationssamericanstakestepstopreventusspyingsamericanssouthamericanstherearethreemainkindsofabbreviationsinenglishheadlines1组织机构等专有名称imfinternationalmonetaryfund国际货币基金组织whoworldhealthorganization世界卫生组织apectheasiapacificeconomiccooperation亚太经济合作组织aseantheassociationofsoutheastasiannations东南亚国家联盟cpcthcitptfchicpcthecommunistpartyofchina中国共产党imftheinternationalmonetaryfund国际货币基金组织ioctheinternationalolympiccommittee国际奥林匹克委员会natothenorthatlantictreatyorganization北大西洋公约组织npcthenationalpeoplescongress中国全国人民代表大会中国共产党2常见事物的名称ufounidentifiedflyingobject不明飞行物
Features:
●Immediacy (即时性) ●Attractiveness (吸引力) ●Brevity(简洁) ●Objectivity(客观性)
●Truthfulness(真实性)
●Short powerful words ,neologisms , nonce words ,abbreviations are often found .The sentences are usually long and complete , using a lot of pre- and post-modifications .
Headline
• the soul of news report • summarize the news content • brief, vivid, eye-catching,expressive,attractive
the main features of headlines
1 the omission of articles and the link verb To save space, often omit prep, the, a, an, is, are, linking words, sometimes even subject, nouns and verbs
1. Time 2. Newsweek 3. US News and World Report
British Magazines:
1. The Times (泰晤士报)
2. The Daily Telegraph (每日电讯报) 3. The Guardian (卫报) 4. Financial Times (金融时报) 5. The Observer (观察家报)
● Different Kinds of Newspapers and Magazines
1. According to the place where the paper is publish . National Papers : published in the captial and circulated all over the country. eg: The Times , The Guardian , The Washington Post ...