2018考研英语强化复习：40个经典长难句

【导语】考研的同学，你们开始看英语长难句了没?⽆论开始还是没开始，下⾯为⼤家整理了40个典型长难句的句⼦结构分析，收藏下来，据说看完之后再学长难句可以提⾼学习效率！
1. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates， Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. (1996.阅读.Text A)
【译⽂】经过六个⽉的争论和议会最后⼗六⼩时激烈的辩论，澳⼤利亚北部⾏政区成为全球第⼀个允许医⽣为寻求解脱的绝症患者实⾏安乐死的法定权威。

【析句】这是⼀个⽐较简单的复合长句，句⼦的主⼲是Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority。

句中，after引导时间状语从句，表明发⽣的时间;who wish to die 是patients的定语从句，将patients的范围限定在寻求解脱的患者中;两个不定式结构to allow和to take分别是the first/序数词+to do sth和allow sb to do sth两个固定搭配的应⽤。

2. The full import may take a while to sink in... (1996.阅读.Text A)
【译⽂】这份法案的深刻意义或许需要⼀段时间才能被充分理解。

【析句】句⼦很简单，但不容易理解，有两个难点：(1)import"进⼝"的基本含义更为考⽣熟知，但在此句中语义不通。

这⾥考察import作为名词的另⼀个意思：含义、意义，full import则是"深刻含义"。

(2)短语sink in 此处意为"被充分理解"，注意与"sink into"意为"沉⼊到......中去"区分。

3. Some have breathed sighs of relief， others， including churches， right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association， bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage... (1996.阅读.Text A)
【译⽂】有些⼈松了⼀⼝⽓，⽽另⼀些如教会、⽣命权利组织和澳⼤利亚医学会都对法案以及法案仓促的通过进⾏了强烈的抨击。

【析句】句⼦主⼲是some......，others......结构，表明对安乐死法案两种不同的态度。

including这⾥是介词，意为"包含、包括"，e.g.There were five females among the passengers，including the stewardess.
4. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.(1996. 阅读 Text B)
【译⽂】长久以来，在美国很多地区，旅⾏者打破了往常⽣活的枯燥⽽受到⼈们欢迎。

【析句】这句话有两个抽象名词break和existence，若按字⾯意思直译，则很难理解。

在分析此类句⼦时，要注意把握词句的内在含义。

break作动词时意为"打碎，折断"，作名词时含义相近，意为"裂⼝，裂缝;破裂"，还有"中断，休息"之意。

例如Life at sea is a welcome break for my job as a schoolteacher. I love traveling to exotic places and I love the hard work. ⽽existence意为"存在，⽣存"，⼀般情况下可看做life的同义词。

因此，整句话的意思是，旅⾏者的到来打破了平静枯燥的⽣活，给当地居民带来些许新鲜感，这或许是北美⼈民⼤多热情好客的原因之⼀。

5. As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.(199
6. 阅读 Text B)
【译⽂】同任何发达国家⼀样，⼀系列复杂的⽂化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。

【析句】本句的主⼲是a complex of ... underlies social interrelations。

as is true of ...是由as引导的⾮限制性定语从句，修饰America，⽽不是a complex set ...。

其中，underlie意为"是......的基础;优先于"。

6. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.(1996. 阅读 Text B)
【译⽂】许多美国⼈的这种随意的友好态度不应该被看成是肤浅的或虚假的，⽽应解释成⼀种由来已久的历史⽂化传统。

【析句】这句话⽐较长，但结构并不复杂。

主要有两个短语组成，be interpreted as和 neither ...nor...but...。

注意第三个as引导的成分与前两个as引导的成分是并列的，都是与interpret的固定搭配。

7. Such large， impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class， an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. (1996. 阅读. Text C)
【译⽂】对资本和企业的这种⼤规模的⾮个⼈操纵⼤⼤增加了股东作为⼀个阶级的数量和重要性。

这个阶层作为国计民⽣的⼀部分，代表了⾮个⼈责任的财富与⼟地及⼟地所有者应尽义务的分离，⽽且也⼏乎与责任管理相分离。

【析句】这种长句句式复杂，内容抽象，让考⽣⼀头雾⽔，不知所云。

⾯对这⼀拦路虎，⾸先要抓住句⼦的主⼲，...manipulation increased numbers and importance...，(which is)an element...。

主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限
定。

⽽⾮限制性定语an element ndowners中⼜带有两个定语从句，⼀个是(which was)representing，另⼀个是(which was)detached。

将定语从句中省略的"引导词+be "结构补充完整，则不易与分词结构混淆。

8. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes， and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. (1996. 阅读. Text C)
【译⽂】像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给⼤批"舒适"阶层提供休憩之所。

这些⼈依赖丰厚的收⼊⽣活，除了参加分红和偶尔参加股东⼤会向管理层下达命令之外，与社会的其他阶层毫⽆⽠葛。

【析句】这⼀长句的难点在于宾语comfortable classes有两个由定语从句who has retired...， who had no relation...并由and连接，⽽第⼆个定语从句中存在较长的介词短语结构，except是介词，that指代relation，drawing 和attending是并列关系，作of的宾语，to dictate their orders..是⽬的状语。

9. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands， but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. (1996. 阅读. Text C)
【译⽂】带薪管理公司的职业经理⼈与⼯⼈以及他们需要的关系更加直接，但是就连他也不熟悉⼯⼈的个⼈状况，⽽这种个⼈了解却常常存在于现在不断消失的古⽼家族公司的那种家长制制度下。

【析句】整个句⼦由but引导两个转折关系的句⼦，第⼀个句⼦的主⼲是the paid manager...was in more direct with...their demands， acting for...是现在分词作定语，修饰manager;第⼆个句⼦主⼲是even he had...personal knowledge of the workmen...， which引导定语从句修饰familiar personal knowledge，passing aways是现在分词作定语修饰前⾯的old family business.将各种修饰成分与它们所修饰的内容之间的关系搞清楚，那么整句话就更容易理解了。

10. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
【译⽂】美国⼈成群结队地涌向这些展览会是为了欣赏新的机器，从⽽继续对技术进步所带来的便捷保持信⼼。

【析句】句⼦不难，有两个to引导的⽬的状语从句。

有三个单词值得注意：第⼀个是flock，动词作"聚集;成群⽽⾏"讲;第⼆个是admire，有"钦佩，欣赏"之义;第三个单词renew基本意思是指将陈旧的或年久失修的东西彻底地翻新或使年⽼的⼈再次恢复青春活⼒，即"复原，更新";也可指⼀件事情从头再来或完成其未完成的东西，即"重新开始""继续"。

引申还可指"补充""延长…的期限"等。

11. Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation， the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology.
【译⽂】由于这种⿎励技术创新的积极⽅法，美国⼯⼈很容易就掌握了机械技术中要求的那种独特的⾮语⾔思维⽅式。

【析句】given是介词，意为"考虑到，如果"，e.g. Given their inexperience， they've done their best. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经尽⼒了。

take与介词百搭，这⾥的take to意为"开始; 从事; 喜欢; 形成 ... 的习惯; 容易学会"。

像take、make这种看起来简单实际上复杂的单词的搭配及⽤法需要考⽣多总结、多运⽤。

12. The mechanic should sit down among levers， screws， wedges， wheels， etc.， like a poet among the letters of the alphabet， considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts， in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea.
【译⽂】技⼯应该坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔⼦、轮⼦等⼯具周围，就像诗⼈被字母围绕，把它们当做思路的展⽰，每⼀个新组合都传达⼀个新想法。

【析句】句⼦的主⼲是The mechanic should sit down…， like a …， considering them as…， in which a...。

有些考⽣可能会困惑，considering现在分词引导的状语从句修饰的是the mechanic，还是a poet。

状语从句可以放在句⾸，也可放在句尾。

如果从句提前，那么很明显，修饰的是the mechanic。

也可以通过分析句⼦主⼲判断。

13. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -- all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
【译⽂】例如，阿斯旺⼤坝阻挡了尼罗河的洪⽔，但埃及也失去了洪⽔退去后留下的肥沃淤泥--这⼀切换来得是⼀个使⼈们疾病丛⽣的巨⼤⽔库。

如今⽔库⾥积满了淤泥，基本上⽆法发电。

【析句】句⼦的主⼲是the Aswan Dam stopped...but deprived ...。

stopped和deprived是有转折关系的并列成分。

that floods left作fertile silt的定语从句。

破折号后all in return ...是省略了"引导词+be"的⾮限制性定语从句即(which was)all in return for...。

⾮限制性定语从句中⼜有which引导的定语从句，which is now ...silt修饰a giant reservoir.后⾯的that构成so...that...的固定搭配。

14. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.
【译⽂】本周在⽂明的欧洲腹地，斯洛伐克⼈和匈⽛利⼈为了多瑙河上的⼀处⽔坝所引起的争端，差⼀点就派出了部队。

【析句】stop short of 意为"突然停⽌;未到达"，引申义相当于be close to.英语中名词结构应⽤⼗分⼴泛，可与所对应的的名词互换，使⾏⽂简洁⽣动。

如本句中的in their contention over...就等于contend over(for)"争夺，⽃争"。

15. Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam.
【译⽂】同时，世界银⾏已经贷款给印度建造纳尔达玛⼤坝，简直是错上加错。

【析句】这句话中两个单词⽤的很好，⼀个是go-ahead。

give go-ahead to do sth意为"允许、批准做某事"，⽐起allow sb to do sth更加形象⽣动。

另⼀个是wrong-headed，意为"固执⼰见的，坚持错误的"，与go-ahead形似，前后呼应。

16. Think of Gallileo's 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. (1998.阅读.Text.A)
【译⽂】想想⼗七世纪，伽利略由于叛逆性的信仰受到天主教会的审判，或是诗⼈威廉姆布莱克对艾萨克⽜顿的机械的世界观所提出的尖锐批评。

【析句】句⼦的主⼲是⼀个祈使句，Think of...Gallileo's trial... or William Blake's harsh remarks...，of后有两个并列的宾语，宾语后分别跟介词短语for his rebelling...和against the mechanistic worldview...。

注意多在作⽂中灵活运⽤介词替代重复出现的动词会有很不错的效果哦!。