4状语从句

高中语法·状语从句专辑

状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，

九种状语从句及常见的引导词

1、【时间状语从句】

when, while, as, before, after, since（自从…以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一…马上就…), once(一旦), whenever等。特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the instant=instantly , imm ediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

(1) while 引导的时间从句的谓语必须是延续性动词，常用进行时态。如果while表示“然而”的时候，就不是时间状语从句；表示“虽然”的时候，是让步状语从句，这是必须放句首且不能倒装。

(2) when 除了表示“当……时”（两个短暂性动作同时发生），还可以表示“就在那时（突然）”，在前一个动作刚结束时就发生的新动作。如I just locked my door when the postman arrived.

(3) as 和when一样，表示两个短暂性动作同时发生，还可表示“一边……一边……”“随着…”

(4) 党表示“一……就……”的连接词时，可以用到no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when，但是当hardly, scarcely, no sooner放于句首时，主句必须部分倒装；主句时态用过去完成时，从句用一般过去式。如：No sooner had he sat down than the bell rang. Hardly

(5) before是高考常考的连接词，表示“在做成某事前，需要多久”，常用过去时和将来时中。

(6) not…until，在强调句中，要用到It is(was) not until…that…；而not until置于句首时，需要部分倒装。

(7) since 常用的句型是：It is (has been) + 时间since + 过去时从句。表示从过去的某时开始持续到现在的影响。如果主句用过去时，从句则一般使用过去完成时。

(8) 在时间状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，那么从句需要用一般现在时（主将从现）。

(9) whenever引导时间状语从句，如Give us a call whenever you need our service. 虽然此处可以等于no matter when, 意义一致，但no matter when只能引导让步状语从句，意为“不管什么时候”。

(10) 时间状语从句也可用分词来表示。如Thinking of him, she couldn’t help weeping. 此时thinking of him= when she thought of him.

（2011·四川卷）6．As it reported, it is 100 years ____ Tsinghua University was founded.

A．when B．before C．after D．since 【D】

2、【地点状语从句】：

where和wherever。

(1) where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和in which等互换)

（2）wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句=no matter where…，引导地点状语时，它总是放主句的谓语动词后，做让步状语从句时，它总是放主句前。

Where there is a will，there is a way

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories

Wherever you go, you should work hard.

what I like most is that you can use English wherever you go in the world

3、【原因状语从句】：

because, as, for, since, now that.

(1) 回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because 引导，如It was because I got up late that I was late for class.

(2) as 语气比because弱

(3) since= now that，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Now that具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。

(4) for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。还可表示把结果为原因，倒果为因的用法。如：It is morning now, for the birds are singing．再如：

It must have rained last night ,for the ground is wet this morning．（两句中for都表结果，倒果为因）

(2) 所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。

（2010辽宁）29.The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _______ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A．although B．unless C．because D．if 【C】

4、【目的状语从句】：

so that（以便）, in order that（以便），lest, in case, for fear that…, in the hope

that, for the purpose that, to the end that等。

(1) in case, for fear that…意为“以防万一”，引导的目的状语从句经常要使用虚拟语气；

(2) so that从句常放主句后，in order that…放在主句前或后都可以。

(3) so that 既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句，如Just tell me what subject you’d like me to talk on so that I could get some notes

若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。如：

I took an early bus so that I got there in time. We cleaned off the fallen leaves, so that the garden looked （2011·山东卷）

28．He had his camera ready ____ he saw something that would make a good picture．

A．even if B．if only C．in case D．so that 【C】

5、【结果状语从句】：

so that, so…that, such…that

(1) so that 做目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别，上面已经讲到了。

(2) so + 形容词(副词) + that….; such + (形容词)+ 名词+that;

(3) 遇到many,much, few, little表数量的形容词时，不管后面有没有名词，前面都要用so。注意例外：such a little boy (此处little是“小”的意思)

(4) so…that或such…that置于句首时，则要部分倒装。

He got up so early that…It’s such a good chance that …

Such a cold day was that …So much did they eat that…

6、【条件状语从句】：

if, unless, if only, as(so) long as, supposing that, providing that, on condition that都可引导条件状语