国际音标发音规则大全

国际音标发音规则大全
一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
A a [ei]
B b [bi:]
C c [si:]
D d [di:]
E e [i:]
F f [ef]
G g3 [d:]
H h [eit j ]
I i [ai]
J j [d s ei]
K k [kei]
L l [el] Mm [em] N n [en] O o [Q o ] P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:] R r [a:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [‘d A b s lju:] X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed]
二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1）含元音音素[ei]
字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk
音标：[ei] [eit j ] [d s ei] [kei]
2）含元音音素[i:]
字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv
音标: [bi:] [si:][di:] [i:] [d s i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]
3）含元音音素[e]
字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es][eks] [zed]
4）含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:]
字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标：[ju:] [kju:] [‘d A b s lju:]
5）含元音音素[ai]
字母: Ii Yy
音标: [ai] [wai]
6）Don’t forget Oo /s o / and Rr/a:/
三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。

不定冠词2放在辅音开头的词前；an放在元音开头的词前。

大多数元音字母开头的词，一■般发元音，但有些就不是，如字母Uu,单词useful, university, European等。

一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音，但有些就不是，如hour, honest这两个单词中h 都不发音。

如：1） _an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr
an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy;
an hour[′a o Q ] 一■小时，an honest man 一■个诚实的人（这儿的h不发音）an 8-year-old boy 一■位八岁的男孩an egg an eraser
2） a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful ['jU:sful]book 一■本有用的书（这儿u 第一■ 个音发/ j/） a university[ju::n i ‘ v s :s i 11 ] 一•座大学a
European[' ju:r s p i Q n] man 一■位欧州人如：There is an "r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”.
He is an English teacher. He?ll be back in half an hour.
I eat an apple and a pear every day.
四、英语国际音标表（48个）
五、国际音标和英语字母在书写方面的联系
从音标到字母和字母组合
1、单元音：
[i:]: ⑴e:he she me we these Chinese Japanese
(2)ea:tea eat meat sea
(3)ee:see tree meet green teen
⑷ei:receive
(5)ey:key
⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine
⑺eo:people
(8)ie:piece field believe thief
[i ]: ⑴a:orange cabbage
(2)ay:Sunday holiday
(3)e:begin English pretty cinema
⑷ey:monkey volleyball
(5)i：it is in big this
(6)y:city very sorry
⑺u:busy
(8)ui:build building
(9)ai:captain mountain certainly
[e]:⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere
(2)ai:said paid
(3)ay:says
⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk
(5)ea:bread head breakfast
(6)u:bury
[ ]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome
[a:]:⑴a:class banana father after
(2)al:half palm calm
⑶ar:car far park arm star party
⑷au:aunt laugh
(5)ear:heart
[A ]:⑴o: come none love other mother another some money honey (2)oo:blood
flood
⑶ou:touch country enough young
⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton
[3 :]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard
(2)er:her term
(3)ir:first girl bird skirt sir third
(4)or 在/ w/后：work word world worse worst
(5)ur:nurse turn hurt Thursday
(6)yr:myrtle
(7)our:journalist journal
[s ]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China
(2)e:student open children different differently
⑶i:holiday April
Wo:today welcome police
(5)u:minus autumn
(6)er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter
(7)or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor
(8)ar:sugar grammar
⑼re:metre tired fire
⑽ou:delicious previous
(")ur:surprise Saturday
(12)our:colour
(13)ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature
(14)oar：cupboard (15)yr:martyr satyr [u:]:⑴ewflew grew review blew threw
(2)o:do to who whose whom (3)oo:too zoo food pool boot school ⑷ou:soup group through (5)u:blue glue June ⑹)ui:fruit juice (7)oe:shoe [o ]:⑴o:woman wolf
(2)oo:book look good foot (3)oul:could would should ⑷u:put sugar full push
[D]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what (2)o:hot on not sorry dog ⑶ou:cough
⑷au:Australia [o :]:⑴(w)a:water
(2)al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk
(3)([w])ar:warm quarter war
⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught (5)aw:draw saw law (6)oor:door
floor (7)ore:more before (8)or:or for short sport (9)ou:bought brought thought fought ⑽ourfour your (")awe:awe awed aweless
(12)oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard (13)o:story
2、双元音：
[a i ]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write (2)y:my by why (3)i(g):sign high light
right (4)ie:die lie tie (5)ei: height
[e i ]:⑴a:name cake game face place (2)ai:rain train wait straight ⑶ay: day may
okay play today yesterday (WeLveil vein (5)ei(gh):eight eighteen eighty
(6)ey:they ⑺ea:great break
[i 9 ]:⑴e:zero cereal serious
(2)ea:real really idea cereal (3)ere:here
⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear
(5)eer:beer deer pioneer
[s o ]:⑴o:go no nose home
(2)ow:show know yellow window
(3)oa:goat boat coat
⑷ou:shoulder though although (5)oe:woe
[o s ]:⑴ure:sure
(2)oor:poor
⑶our:tour tourist
[a o ]:⑴ou:out about house blouse mouse mouth (2)ow:how now cow bow
[e s ]:⑴air:air hair chair fair unfair
(2)are:care hare parent careful carefully
⑶ear:pear wear bear
⑷ere:there where
(5)eir:their theirs
⑹)a:Mary
[o i ]:⑴oi:oil toilet boil soil join
(2)oy:boy toy employee
3、辅音：
清浊成对辅音：
[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [e]-[ ] [J ]-[3 ] [ts]-[dz] [t J ] — [d s ] [tr]-[dr]
清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊
辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr],但音标仍写成清辅音。

如：sport[sp o :t], student]' stju:d s nt], sky[ska i ], street[stri:t]。

但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊
辅音。

如：hostess[‘ h s o st i s]。

[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper
(2)pp:apple happy appear
[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue
(2)bb:rabbit cabbage
[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table
(2)tt:bottle bottom little pretty
⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced dressed laughed
[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog
(2)dd:add daddy middle
⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied enjoyed
cried
[k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc
(2)cc: occasion according occupy acclaim
⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomach
⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look (5)ck:black duck clock jacket cock (6)q:Iraq
coq
⑺que:unique technique
[g]：⑴g：go girl big get
(2)gg:egg bigger biggest
(3)gu:guess guest ⑷gue:dialogue (5)gh:ghyll ghost
[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen
(2)ph:photo phone elephant photograph physics (3)gh:laugh enough ⑷ff:off
coffee
[v]:⑴v:very five have
(2)f:of
[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle bicycle
⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books
⑶ss:miss class glass grass
⑷sc:science scientist scene (5)ps:psalm psywar
[z]:⑴s:is his please mus ic lose husband apples (2)es:leaves thieves knives wives cities countries ⑶z:zoo zero ⑷zz:buzz
[9]:th:three thank month thin math
[ ]:⑴th:this the with than clothes clothing (2)the:breathe soythe
[J ]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash
(2)s:sure Asia
⑶c: special sufficient delicious ⑷t:station national patient collection
⑸ss:Russia profession (6)ch:machine
[3 ]:⑴s:usually television pleasure (2)z:seizure ⑶ge:garage
[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats its (2)t's:Let's it' s that' s what' s
⑶tes:kites gates dates (4)zz:pizza
[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends (2)des:decides
[t J ]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China
(2)tch:watch catch match
(3)t: picture question future natural nature [d s ]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange
(2)g:gentle gentleman general (3)dge:bridge porridge judge ⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim July (5)ch:sandwich [tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth truly [dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children 4、单个辅音：[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair (2)(w)h:who whom whose whole [l]:⑴l:let look please lake people until
(2)ll:tell full till bell ⑶(t)l(e):whistle [r]:⑴r:red right three
⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot
⑶(w)r:write wrong [m]:⑴m:man meat meet time (2)mm:common communicate
(3)m(b):climb lamb ⑷m(n):autumn [n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under (2)(k)n:know knife ⑶nn:Ann
⑷(m)n:mnemonics
[^ ]:⑴ng:sing long young morning (2)n(k):thank think ink pink ⑶n(g):English [w]:⑴w:we window work walk
(2)w(h):what why where white when [j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow
⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behavior
⑷e:Europe European
五、国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系
从字母和字母组合到音标
I .元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音
a在重读开音节中读[e i ]:name cake game face a在重读闭音节中读[出]:bag am and at sad a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读[a:]:class fast grasp ask father after dance graph
a 在[w]后读[D ]或[。

:]:want what water[' w o :t s ] a 在ny 前读[e] : any many
a 弱读时读［s ］: along about banana Canada China
a在非重读音节中读［i ］: orange cabbage
a 读［e s ］： Mary
ai 读［e i ］： rain train wait
ai 读［i ］： captain
ai 读［e］： said
ay 读［e i ］： day may okay play today
ay 弱读读［i ］： Sunday holiday
ay 读［e］ : says
air 读［e s ］： air hair chair
al 在多数辅音字母前读［。

：］（f,m 除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall
al还读［o : l］（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt
al在辅音字母f,m前读［a:］：half palm
ar 在重读音节中读［a:］： :car far park arm star
ar 在［w］后读［o :］：warm quarter
ar 弱读读［s ］： sugar
are 读［e s ］： care hare parent
ass 在重读音节中读［a:s］： class glass grass pass
au 在重读音节中读［o : ］： August autumn daughter
au 读［D］： Australia
au 还读作［a:］： aunt laugh
aw在重读音节中读［o :］： draw saw law
awe 读［o :］： awe awed aweless
II.元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音
e在重读开音节中读［i:］： he she me we
e在重读闭音节中读［e］： pen bed yes egg desk
e 在非重读音节中读［i ］： begin English pretty cinema
e 弱读读［s ］： student open children different
e 读［i s ］： zero hero serious
e 读［j］： Europe
ea在重读音节中读［i:］： tea eat meat
ea 读［e］： bread head breakfast
ea 读［e i ］： great break
ea 读［i s ］： real really idea cereal
ear 读［3 :］： learn earth early heard
ear 读［e s ］： pear wear bear
ear 读［i s ］： ear dear hear near clear nearly nearby
ear 读［a:］： heart
ed 在大部分清辅音后读［t］（［t］除外）：watched washed cooked helped danced
ed 在元音和浊辅音后读［d］（［d］除外）：played cleaned climbed answered
arrived aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried
ed 在［t］［d］后读［i d］： wanted needed
ee在重读音节中读［i:］： see tree see
eer 读［i s ］: beer deer pioneer
ei 读［i:］: receive
ei 读［e i ］: veil vein
ei 在8卜前读［e i ］ : eight eighteen eighty
eir 读［e s ］： their theirs
eo读［i:］： people
er在重读闭音节中读［3 :］： her term
er 在非重读音节中读［s ］： father mother brother sister
ere 读［i s ］： here
ere 读［e s ］： there where
es 在浊辅音（［z］［3 ］［d g ］除外）及元音后，es 发［z］： leaves thieves knives wives
potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories
es 在［s］［z］［J ］［§］［t J ］［d g ］后读［i z］： buses blouses dishes garages watches oranges
ew 读［ju:］： new newspaper review
ew 在l,r,j 后读［u: ］： flew grew Jew
ex 读［eks］： exercise exit
ex 读［i ks］： excle expensive extinct
ex 读［i gz］： exam examination exactly
ey 读［i:］： key
ey 读［i ］： monkey valley
ey 读［e i ］： they
川.元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音
i在重读开音节中读［a i ］： time like rice
i在重读闭音节中读［i ］： big six sit
i 读［i:］： police policeman policewoman machine
i 弱读读［s ］： holiday April
i在非重读音节中读［i ］：taxi
i 读［j］： onion review million billion brilliant behavior i 在元音字母a,e,o 前读［a i ］： dialogue quiet pioneer
i 在g 前读［a i ］： sign high light right
i 在nd 前读［a i ］： find behind
i 在ld 前读［a i ］： child
i 在re 前读［a i ］： fire tired retire
ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读［i:］： piece field believe thief ie在重读音节词词尾读［a i ］：lie die
ir在重读音节中读［3 :］： bird girl first
IV .元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音
o在重读开音节中读［s 0 ］： go no nose home
o在辅音字母st,ld前读［s 0 ］： post old
o在重读闭音节中读［D］： hot on not sorry
o 读［o :］： story
o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读广］：come none love other。

读［u:］： do to who
o 在w 后读［o ］ : woman wolf。

在非重读音节中读［s ］ : today policeman
oa在重读音节中读［s o ］： boat coat
oar 读［o :］： board blackboard cardboard
oar 读［s ］： cupboard
oe 读［s o ］： woe
oe 读［u:］： shoe
oi 读［o i ］： oil toilet boil soil
oo一般读山:］：too zoo food pool boot school
oo 在d,k 和少数t 前读［o ］： book look good foot
oo 读厂］:blood flood
00r 读［o : ］： door floor
oor 读［o s ］： poor
or 在重读音节中读［o :］： or for short sport
or 在［w］后读［3 :］： work word world
or 读［s ］： doctor forget mirror
ore 读［o : ］： more before
ou 在多数情况下读［a o ］： out about house blouse
ou 在ght 前读［o : ］： bought brought thought
ou 读［八］：touch country enough young
ou 读［u:］： soup group through
ou 读［s o ］： shoulder though
ou 读［D］： cough
ou 读［s ］：delicious previous
oul 读［o ］： could would should
our 读［o :］： four your
our 读［3 :］： journalist journal
our 读［s ］： colour
our 读［o s ］： tour
our 读［a o s ］： our hour
ow 读［a o ］： how now cow
ow 读［s o ］： show know yellow window
owe 或ower 读［a o s ］： towel flower
oy 读［o i ］： boy toy employee
V .元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音
u在重读开音节中读［ju:］： student Tuesday
u在重读闭音节中读「］：bus sun but cut up us
u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读［u:］：
June fluency February Sue u在重读闭音节中还读［o ］： put sugar full push
u在非重读音节中读［s ］： minus autumn
u 读［i ］： busy minute
u 读［e］： bury
ui 读［ju:］或［j o i ,ju:i ］： suit suicide
l,r,j+ui 时，ui 读作山：］或［o i ,u: i ］: sluise fruit juice fluid ruin
ui 读［i ］: build building
ur 在重读音节中读［3 :］: nurse turn hurt Thursday
ur 读［s ］： surprise Saturday
ure 读［o s ］： sure
ure在非重读音节中读［s ］： picture pleasure
ure在重读音节中读［j o s ］： cure
VI .21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音
b 读［b］： bag by bed boy bus blue
bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb comb
bb 读［b］: rabbit cabbage
c 在字母e,i,y 前读［s］ : nice city cycle
c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t 前或在音节末尾读［k］ :cat come cut clock cry picture bloc c+ia,ie,io 时，c 读［J ］: special sufficient delicious
cc+a,o,u 或l 时，cc 读［k］: occasion according occupy acclaim
cc+e,i 时，cc 读［ks］: accept accident
ch 读［t J ］: chair much lunch China
ch 读［k］: school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach ch 读［J ］: machine
ch 读［d g ］: sandwich
ck 读［k］: black duck clock jacket cock
d 读［d］: desk door day dog
dd 读［d］: add daddy middle
dge 读［d g ］: bridge porridge judge
dr 读［dr］: dress drive hundred children
ds 读［dz］: beds birds hands friends
des 读［dz］: decides
f 读［f］: five fish fine family fifteen
f 读［v］ : of
ff 读［f］: off coffee
ften 读［f s n］ : often
g 读［g］: go girl big get
g 在 e 前读［d g ］ : age page huge orange
g 读［d g ］: gentle gentleman general
gg 读［g］: egg bigger biggest
ge 读［g ］: garage
gh 在i,ei,ai,ou,au 后不发音：right eight straight bought daughter gh 读［f］: laugh enough
gh 在词首时，读［g］: ghyll ghost
gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegm
gu在词首读［g］ : guess
gu 在词中读［gw］ : language
gue 在词尾读［g］: dialogue
h 读［h］: he her have hand head hair
h 不发音：hour honest
wh 读［w ］: what why where white
wh 在 o 前读由］:who whom whose
gh 在词首时，h 不发音：ghyll ghost
j 读［d 3 ］： jump jacket just June Jim
j 读［j ］： Jensen ja hallelujah jaap
k 读［k ］： book bike cake kite Kate look
kn 在词首时，k 不发音：know knife
l 读［l ］： let look please lake people
ll 读［l ］： tell full till bell
m 读［m ］： man meat meet time
mb 在词尾时，读［m ］，b 常无声：climb comb
mm 读［m ］： common
mn 在词首读［n ］： mnemonics
mn 在词中时，读［mn ］ ： columnist
mn 在词尾时，n 常无声：autumn column
n 读［n ］： name nice nine near under
n 在［k ］［g ］前读［13 ］ ： pink English
n 在 k 后读［n ］： know knife
n 在 m 后读［n ］： mnemonics
nn 读［n ］： Ann
ng 在词尾读［3 ］ ： sing long young morning
ng 在词中读［3 g ］ ： English finger
nk 读［3 k ］： thank think ink pink
p 读［p ］： pen map help cheap pencil paper
pp 读［p ］： apple happy appear
ph 读［f ］： photo phone elephant photograph
ps 在词首时，p 常不发音：psalm psywar
q 读［k ］： Iraq coq
qu 在词首读［kw ］： queen quick
que 在词尾读［k ］： unique technique
r 读［r ］： red right three
rr 读［r ］： sorry worry hurry carry carrot
wr 读［r ］： write wrong
s 在词首读［s ］： sit six some
s 在清辅音后读［s ］： books likes
s 在浊辅音和元音后读［z ］： apples windows
s 读［z ］（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his is please music 元音字母+$+无音e ： ①n.,adj.读［s ］： base use
②v.读［z ］： lose use
词中的$,其后跟清辅音字母时，s 读b ］,其后跟浊辅音字母时，s 读［z ］： desk husband
sure Asia usually television pleasure sion 读［3 a n ］： television decision
sten 读［s a n ］ : listen
stle 读［stl ］ : whistle
s 读
［J ］：
sure 读［3 a ］: pleasure
sc+i,e,y 读［s］: science scene scythe
sc+a,o,u 读［sk］: scarf score scud
ss 读［s］： miss class glass grass
ss 读［J ］： Russia profession
ssion 读［J a n］： expression
sh 读［J ］： she shoe short shop wash
t 读［t］： ten time not get table
t 读［t J ］:picture question
tch 读［t J ］:watch
t+ia,ie 时，t 读［J ］： martial patient
sten,ften,stle 中，t 无声：listen often whistle
tes 读［ts］： kites gates dates
tt 读［t］： bottle bottom little pretty
tion 读［J a n］： station national patient
［s］+tion 时读［t J a n］： question
th 读［B］： three thank month thin
th 在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读［6 ］： this the with than 词尾the 读［G ］： breathe soythe
词尾ther 读［G a ］： father mother brother sister
tr 读［tr］： tree trip try true truth
ts 读［ts］： shirts hurts coats costs goats
t’s 读［ts］：Let’s
ture 读［t J a ］： picture
v 读［v］： very five have
w 读［w］： we window work walk
w不发音：two
wh 读［w］： what why where white
wh 在o 前读由］：who whom whose
wr在词首读［r］, w无声：write wrong
x 读［ks］： box six excuse next
x 读［gz］： exam exact example
y在重读开音节中读［a i ］： my by why
y在重读闭音节中读［i ］： city very sorry
y 在词首读［j］： yes you year yellow
yr 读［3 :］： myrtle
yr 读［a i a ］： martyr satyr
yre 读［a ］： tyre byre
z 读［z］： zoo zero
z 读［3 ］： seizure
zz 读［z］： buzz
zz 读[ts]: pizza。