人教版新目标英语八年级下册英语课堂实录

人教版新目标英语八年级下册英语课堂实录课题：Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 第一课时
授课教师：陶鸿丽
授课时间：2011年4月16
【教学目标】：
知识目标：1.Key vocabulary:marathon,skate, skating，since,collect, shell 2.Key structures: -How long have you been skating? -I’ve been skating for five hours. -How long did you skate? -I skated for two hours.
能力目标：1. Enable students to talk about how long one has been doing things using the present perfect progressive tense. 2. Train students ability of listening andspeaking .
情感态度与价值观：To be interested in communicating in English.
【重点与难点】： 1. Master the present perfect progressive tense. 2. Tell the difference between for and since.
【教学过程】：本单元的教学内容是本册书的一大难点，学生不易理解，接受及掌握。

因此，教师应在教学方法上多下功夫，找出易于学生接受的方法。

【Step 1.Presentation.】
The teacher shows a picture of Yao Ming and say: Who’s this? What do you know about Yao Ming? (这时，学生都能立刻认出姚明来，因此学生的兴致很高，七嘴八舌地说了起来) He is a professional basketball player. He plays basketball very well. He is very famous in the world. …….
Do you know Yao Ming’s sports life? When was he born? When did he start playing basketball?(此时有的学生能说出一些，但是不准确，有的学生在摇头，这时就引起学生的Now,please look at the blackboard.Then draw a time line like this:
Yao Ming’s sports life
was born started playing plays
20years 1980 1989 has been playing 2009 now Then say: This is a time line. Let’s put some information on it. Yao Ming was born in 1980. (Write the information on the time line with color chalk.)）He started playing basketball in 1989. He still plays basketball now.
(此处用一个time line 来表示时间，既直观又易于学生理解，同时还便于以下进一步教学。

)
So I can say:
Yao Ming has been playing basketball for 20 years. Yao Ming has been playing basketball since 20 years ago.Yao Ming has been playing basketball since he was 9 years old. (Write down the three sentences on the blackboard, let students read them several times.) (通过朗读让学生对现在完成进行时有一个初步的感性认识和
理解，体现语言学习的自然方式中的第一步---
Draw another time line, make conversations with two students,and put the information on the time line. was born(S2) started riding started learning English(S1) 1994
2000 has been riding 2007 has been now (6 years old) learning
Conversation 1:
T: S1, when did you start to learn English?(此时，学生想了几分钟后才回答上来，可能一时想不起时间了)
S1: I started to learn English in 2007. (Write the information on the time line with color chalk.Then ask the class)
T: How long has S1 been learning English? Can you say the same sentences like the above three sentences? (Let students say: S1 has been learning English since 2007.or S1 has been learning English for 2 years.
(此处通过师生互动，与学生交流贴近学生生活实际的话题，并把相关信息写在time line上，并让学生口头回答老师提出的问题，进一步体会和运用现在完成进行时,体现语言学习的自然方式的第二步---learn to say.) （全班学生能够模仿老师黑板上的例句，齐声回答老师提出的问题，很轻松。

）
Conversation 2:
T: S2, can you ride a bikeS2: Yes, I can. T: When did you start to ride it?
(提示：How old were you at that time?)（学生在老师的提示下，很快回答出了这个问题。

）
S2: I started to ride a bike when I was 6 years old.
T: When were you born ?
S2: I was born in 1994.
T: So, class, how long has S2 been riding a bike? Please write down your answers on your exercise books, ask one student to write his answers on the blackboard. Then check answers. They may write like this: S2 has been riding a bike since he was 6 years old. S2 has been riding a bike since 2000. S2 has been riding a bike for 9 years.
(此处通过又一个师生互动活动形式，与学生交流又一个贴近学生生活实际的话题，并让学生落实到笔头上，让学生进一步体会并运用现在完成进行时,体现语言学习的自然方式的第三步-----learn to use.) （班上绝大多数学生能够在练习本上写出正确答案，上黑板写的同学也写对了。

）
【Step 2. Grammar. (教师点拨归纳点题板书)】
Say: In this unit, we are going to talk about how long we’ve been doing things. A new tense---- the Present Perfect Progressive Tense.Write the title of Unit 6 on the blackboard.Unit 6 How log have you been collecting shells?Unit 6 How log have you been collecting shells?Unit 6 How log have you been collecting shells?Unit 6 How log have you been collecting shells?
(此时板书课题会使学生感觉自然的知识呈现，同时体验到知识产生和变化的过程，增强学生学习兴趣和求知欲望。

)
【Think】: 1. What’s the structure of the tense? 2. When do we use the tense? 3. Can you tell the difference between for and since? Discuss the questions in groups.Then share your groups’answers with us.
(此处的教学是一关键，因为学生第一次见到现在完成进行时，会感到很陌生且有迷惑的感觉，所以在教学中通过上一环节的铺垫，围绕语法提出启发性问题，并让学生进行小组讨论，为每个学生提供一个平等参与的机会，进行合作学习和探究，在学生的小组讨论中引出正确答案，相信学生会有豁然开朗的感觉，并且一定会记忆深刻) （学生经过小组讨论后，基本上得出了这三个问题的答案，达
到了预期的教学效果，只是有些语言表达不够准确语法归纳：
1.Structure:
2.肯定句：主语＋have/has been ＋v-ing ＋…
否定句：主语＋haven’t/hasn’t been ＋v-ing ＋…
一般疑问句：Have/Has ＋主语＋been ＋v-ing ＋…? 简略回答：Yes, 主语＋have/has. No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.
3.Function: 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，
动作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍然在进行着。

常与for ,since时间状语连用。

其中动词应用延续性动词。

3. Since and for: Since用来说明动作的起始时间，而for 用来说明动作的延续时间，所以since后跟表示某一时间点的名词短语或从句，如Monday,1998,three years ago,I was 10 years等。

【Step 3：Activities】
Now ,please open your books and look at the picture in Unit 6 SA 1a .
T: Who can you see and what are they doing?
S3: Some people are skating and some are having a rest.
T: Good! what is the woman in the middle? Or What does she do? Or What’s her job?
S4: She is a reporter.
T: Yes, you are right. Well done. There is a skating marathon. A TV reporter is interviewing four students---- Alison, Sam, Victor and Celia.Among them, some are skating and some stopped skating.What questions did the TV reporter ask?
Now listen to the recording and fill in the chart in 1b. Then check the answers and read the sentences. After the listening ,ask students how many tenses there are in the chart. Why they use different tenses? Let students discuss in groups and give their answers. the Past Tense: the action started in the past and ended in the past. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense: the action started in the past, and ended now or maybe goes on.
（这一部分的教学是对学生听力的训练。

先通过谈论图片中的内容进行师生互动，让学生积极参与，并积极回答老师的问题，提高学生学习的主动性，训练学生口语表达能力，激发学生的学习兴趣及好奇心，并通过老师听前设置的问题，让学生急于想知道对话的内容，有了前面这么多的讲解和训练，相信学生完成这个表格应该没有什么困难的。

并且让学生在真实的情景中去体会一般过去时与现在完成进行时的区别。

）（学生第一遍听时，只注意到了how long 这个问题，却没有注意到时态，因此在放第二遍时，让学生有意注意一下时态，两遍后，学生都能轻松完成听力表格。

然后让学生思考:表格中为什么使用了不同的时态，，经过小组讨论，有部分学生能体会出其中的差别，然后由他们谈出体会，老师再加以启发和点拨，学生感到豁然开朗。

【Step 4 Pair work】
Ask and answer questions about the people in the picture. A: How long has Alison been skating? B: She’s been skating for five hours. A: How long did Sam skate? B: He skated for four hours.
(通过Pairwork ，训练学生口语表达能力，人人参与，在完成教学任务的过程中，实现用中学，学中用，达到学以致用。

) （通过抽查几组学生，学生对话流利，语法使用正确。

）
【Step 5 Exercises:(学能检测)】
一．用for 与since 填空。

1. I’ve been practicing the piano ________10:30.
2, Naria has been running _______15 minutes.
3. I have been knowing Mary _______ last year.
4. Tom has been studying Chinese _______ he was 6 years old.
5. I’ve been watching TV ______ ten miuntes.
(本练习旨在检测学生能否正确使用since 与for.) （通过反馈信息，大部分学生能正确使用for ,since,不能正确使用的同学经老师在具体习题中讲解，也弄明白了
二．句型转换：
1. I have been skating for five hours.(变为否定句) I ______ _______
_______ for five hours.
2. They played soccer an hour ago.（用现在完成进行时改写）They ______
_______ _______ soccer ______ an hour.
3. The film has been on for ten minutes.(变同义句) The film has been on ______ ten minutes ago.
4. It has been snowing since a week ago.（对划线部分提问）_______ _______ has it been snowing?
5. My father has been working in the factory for 30 years.（变为一般疑问句并进行否定回答）
6．_______ your father _______ ______ in the factory for 30 years? No, he ______.
（此练习旨在考察学生对现在完成进行时的句型结构掌握的情况）（此练习中，发现学生第3，4 小题做得不好，这时及时点拨for+一段时间=since +一段时间+ago,另外since +点时间与for+一段时间都是用来描述动作持续的时间，都用how long 来提问，在具体的语境中讲语法很有效。

）
三．汉译英：（能力提升）
1. 我已经学习了3 个小时了。

2. 他已经睡了8 个小时了。

3. 我们已经步行了一个半小时了。

（难度进一步加大，要求学生写出完整的句子，并能正确使用现在完成进行时态）（通过反馈信息，发现有些学生未能注意到have和has 正确使用，没有随着主语人称和数量的变化而变化。

通过具体的语言实际运用，才能发现问题，解决问题，比空洞的干巴巴的讲语法更有实效性。

4.板书设计：
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
The First Period Yao Ming’s sports life
20years plays
was born started playing
1980 1989 has been playing now
the Present Perfect Progressive tense
1.Structure:
肯定句：主语＋have/has been ＋v-ing ＋…
否定句：主语＋haven’t/hasn’t been ＋v-ing ＋…
一般疑问句：Have/Has ＋主语＋been ＋v-ing ＋…?
简略回答Yes，主语＋have/has.
No, 主语＋haven’t/hasn’t.
Yao Ming has been playing basketball
2.Function : Yao Ming has been playing basketball for 20 years.
Yao Ming has been playing basketball since 20 years
ago .
3.for,since Yao Ming has been playing basketball
since he was 9 years old
教学反思：本节课从学生感兴趣的话题入手，激发学生的学习兴趣，通过直观教学法(time line 形式)，出示教学语言，遵循语言学习的自然方式，通过听、说、读、写环环相扣、螺旋式的上升的训练，循序渐进地让学生体会现在完成进行时态的结构和用法，教学设计注重学生体验，自主学习和合作学习和探究，让学生在体验成功的过程中，在轻松、愉快地氛围中进行语言的学习，使学生感到语法课并不枯燥乏味，学生乐学，在老师不露痕迹的教学设计中，自然而然地接受了这种时态，然后通过一系列的课堂活动，listening ,pair work and writing 让学生在用中学，学中用，达到熟练掌握和运用。